Hello and welcome to today's history lesson.

My name is Mr. Merrett and I'll be guiding you through today's lesson.

So let's get started.

Today's lesson is looking at the Huguenot migration, and by the end of today's lesson we'll be able to explain that the Huguenot's migrated from France to Britain in the 16th and 17th centuries in order to escape religious persecution.

In order to do that, we need to use some key terms. And our key terms for today are Protestants, Huguenot and Catholic.

A Protestant is a member of the Western Church who does not recognise the pope as its head.

A Huguenot is a member of a religious group of French Protestants who migrated to Britain in the 16th and 17th centuries.

And Catholics are Christians who believe the pope is the head of the church.

Our lesson today will consist of three separate learning cycles, and our first learning cycle is looking at the reasons for migration.

So let's get going.

Now, the reformation began in Germany in the early 1500s, and it went on to have profound effects across Europe.

As increasing numbers of people converted to Protestantism, particularly in Catholic France and Spain, the persecution of Protestants became increasingly relentless.

In the 1550s, a small number of French Protestants, known as Huguenots, had migrated to England with Flemish and Walloon weavers due to French society becoming increasingly hostile to Protestants.

England had become a Protestant nation in 1534 when Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy, severing ties with the pope in Rome and making the king, Henry VIII, Supreme Head of the Church of England.

This was the beginning of the Protestant Reformation in England.

It quickly became a refuge for Huguenot's fleeing Catholic persecution.

In 1550, Edward VI, Henry VIII's son, created the first French church for these immigrants.

The early Huguenot migrants had been wise to migrate.

On the 23rd of August, 1572, St.

Bartholomew's day, thousands of Protestants in Paris were slaughtered by Catholics.

These grizzly scenes were soon copied in the provinces, leaving at least 5,000 Huguenots dead across France.

Although some historians placed the estimate as high as 70,000.

The simple answer is we don't actually know exactly how many were killed, but it was a lot of Protestants were killed for genuinely no good reason other than their religion.

However, it was in 1685 that a much larger wave of Huguenots would settle in England.

This wave of migration was triggered by the French King Louis XIV when he revoked the Edict of Nantes.

The Edict of Nantes have been signed into law by King Henry IV of France, and it enforced religious toleration towards Huguenots and also gave them legal protection in a predominantly Catholic nation, ensuring effectively that Huguenots could worship freely.

Henry IV had previously been Protestant himself.

In order to become king of France, he had to convert to Catholicism, but he made sure that his Protestant friends and neighbours would continue to be safe under his rule.

After 1685, this protection was lost and many Huguenots faced violent persecution.

For most, their only option was to seek refuge in a more tolerant Protestant nation.

And for tens of thousands of Huguenots, this meant the Protestant nation of England.

Okay, let's have a quick check for understanding now.

So why did the persecution of Protestants in Europe become increasingly relentless? Was it because more people were converting to Protestantism in Catholic countries? Was it because more people were converting to Catholicism in Protestant countries, or was it because there were no Protestant countries in Europe for Protestants to settle in? So make your choice now.

Okay, if you chose A, then very well done.

That is the correct answer.

Let's have another check for understanding now.

Which of the following events triggered the violent persecution of Huguenots from 1685? Was it Martin Luther pinning his 95 theses to a church door? Was it King Henry IV signing the Edict of Nantes into law? Or was it King Louis XIV revoking the Edict of Nantes? So make your choice now.

Alright, if you chose C, then very well done.

That's the correct answer.

And our first task for today now.

So what I'd like to do is take a look at the table that's on the screen in front of you, and all I would like you to do, nice and simply, is to complete the table to show whether each of the following statements are true.

And if it is, give it a little T.

Or false, and if it's false, then give it an F.

So read through the statements if they're true, write T in the box.

If they're false, write an F in the box, nice and simple.

So pause the video while you complete this task and I'll see you again in just a moment.

Okay, welcome back.

I hope you've got okay with that task.

Let's think through the statements and decide whether they're true or false then.

So the reformation began in Germany in the 1500s and had a very limited effect across Europe.

That statement is false.

As increasing numbers of converted to Protestantism, the persecution of Protestants increased.

That statement is true.

The first group of Huguenots migrated to England in 1685, and that statement is false.

Huguenots migrated due to King Louis XIV revoking the Edict of Nantes.

That is a true statement.

And Huguenot settled in England as it was the only Protestant nation in Europe.

And that statement is false.

So hopefully you got all of those correct.

And now move on to our next task for today, and I'd like you to rewrite the false statements so that they are now true.

So the false statements have been highlighted in that purple colour for you.

So write them out again so that they're now true statements.

Pause the video now while you complete this task and I'll see you again in just a moment.

Okay, welcome back.

I hope you got okay with that task.

So let's think about what you could have said then in terms of rewriting these statements to make them true.

So what you could say that first statements instead is that the reformation began in Germany in the 1500s.

and had a profound effect across Europe.

For our second false statement, you could have said the first group of Huguenots migrated to England in the 1550s.

And for our final false statement, you could have said Huguenots settled in England as it was known as a tolerant Protestant nation.

So hopefully you rewrote all of those false statements so that your statements are now true as well.

Right.

Let's move on to our next learning cycle of today, which is looking at the experiences of Huguenots.

Now, by the 1680s, between 40 and 50,000 Huguenots had settled in England.

And for most of these migrants, they had a largely positive experience in England, especially after the Glorious Revolution placed William of Orange and his wife Mary on the English throne.

Parliament, passed an act at this point requiring all British monarchs to be members of the Protestant church in order to prevent the issues that are surrounded the Catholic King James II from arising again.

These Protestant monarchs, William III and Mary II, as they were known, provided great protection and support to the Huguenot community.

They personally raised 39,000 pounds to help resettle Huguenot refugees, which allowed many to set up successful businesses.

Beyond this financial support, Huguenots also received increasing political protection.

In 1709, an act to naturalise all Protestant migrants was passed, and this gave many Huguenots the legal standing of an English citizen.

This came with greater political freedom and legal protection.

Although this act was then revoked in 1711, around 2000 Huguenots have been naturalised through this process.

Right, let's have a quick check for understanding, and it's a statement, you need to decide whether it's true or false.

So William III and Mary II were more likely to help the Huguenots because they and their families were French.

Is that true or is that false? Make your choice now.

Alright.

If you chose false, then congratulations it is indeed a false statement, but let's justify that.

Now, why is that a false statement? Is it false because William III and Mary the second were Francophiles, they loved everything about the French? Or is it false because William III and Mary II were Protestants, English law required all monarchs to be Protestant.

So choose your justification now.

All right.

If you chose B, then congratulations, that is a correct answer.

Let's have another chick for understanding.

Which one of the following statements explains how Monarchs financially supported Huguenot migrants.

Was it that William III and Mary II raised 39,000 pounds to help resettle Huguenot refugees? Was it that in 1709 an act to naturalise all Protestant migrants as passed? Or was it that many Huguenots set up successful businesses? So choose your option now.

Okay, if you chose A, then very well done.

That's the correct answer.

And one more check for understanding now.

Which one of the following statements explains how monarchs politically supported Huguenot migrants? Was it that in 1711, the act to naturalise all Protestant migrants was revoked? Was it that in 1709, an act to naturalise all Protestant migrants has passed? Or was it that many Huguenots set up successful businesses? Make your choice now.

All right, if you chose B, then well done.

That is the correct answer.

Now, most of these successful Huguenot migrants settled in large thriving cities with London being the most popular destination.

Of the 40,000 Huguenots in London, by 1700, most had settled in Spitalfields, Soho and Leicester Fields.

As most of these Huguenots were part of a wealthy community in France, they were able to set up several successful businesses on arriving in England, especially as many still maintained strong trading relationships in mainland Europe.

Many Huguenots worked in silk weaving, gold and silversmithing and other successful industries.

Others worked in finance using their business connections in the Netherlands to continue to make valuable investments, which could then be used to fund major businesses and projects in England.

Right, another check for understanding now.

So we've got a statement here from Laura who says, "Successful Huguenot migrants settled in large thriving cities." I'd like you to give two examples to support Laura's statement.

So pause the video while you do this, and I'll see you again in just a moment.

Okay, welcome back.

Hope you got okay with that task.

Let's think about what you could have said then.

So you could have said that London was the most popular destination for Huguenots, especially Spitalfields, Soho and Leicester Fields.

And Huguenot Businesses thrived as they maintained strong trading relationships with mainland Europe, particularly the Netherlands.

And London already had strong links with the Netherlands.

You might have also said that many worked in silk weaving, gold and silver mining and other successful industries, and these industries were found in big cities such as London.

If you've got any other examples, then that's absolutely fantastic, but hopefully you've got at least one or so of those that are on the screen in front of you there.

Right.

Let's go for our next task today then.

So I'd like you to explain why Huguenots had a largely positive experience in England from 1500 to 1700, and I'd like you to include the following details in your response.

So 39,000 pounds, naturalise, Spitalfields and Soho, and silk weaving.

So pause the video while you complete that task and I'll see you again in just a moment.

Okay, welcome back.

I hope you got okay with that task.

Let's think about what you could have said then.

So I've said that Huguenots had a largely positive experience in England as a result of the economic and political support given to them by the authorities.

As the Glorious Revolution have resulted in the Protestant rulers, William III and Mary II taking the English throne, the Huguenots received 39,000 pounds to support their resettlement in England because the new Protestant monarchs were keen to help Protestant refugees.

This support allowed Huguenots to establish successful businesses, especially since most came from wealthy communities in France.

Political support came in 1709 when an act to naturalise all Protestant migrants as passed.

This gave many Huguenots the legal standing of an English citizen, and therefore greater political freedom and legal protection.

Despite the act being revoked in 1711, it still allowed 2000 Huguenots to be naturalised.

With this economic and political support, many thriving Huguenot migrants were able to settle in places like Spitalfields and Soho in London.

Here they used their trading relationships with mainland Europe to become successful in several industries, including silk-weaving.

So hopefully you got okay with that task.

If you've got a different answer to myself, then that's absolutely fine as long as you included those key terms. I asked you to include, and you're explaining how the Huguenot experience was predominantly positive when they got to England.

Right.

Let's move on to our third and final learning cycle for today.

We're just looking at the impact of Huguenots.

Now, Huguenot Migrants had a tremendous impact on the economy.

As they were from wealthy families and communities, they were able to invest in large businesses and projects.

And the most famous of these was the investment of several Huguenots in the Bank of England.

In 1694, the Bank of England was set up with Huguenot sponsors giving 104,000 pounds of the 1.

2 million pounds used to open the bank.

So roughly 10% of the Bank of England, upon its creation, was from Huguenot Migrants.

Huguenot's were frequently well educated and skilled craftsmen, such as silver smiths and watchmakers, who had a significant impact on British industry.

Prior to Huguenot migration, Britain had no paper mills and had to import all of its paper from overseas.

By the 1710s, Huguenots had established 200 paper mills, which meant that Britain now produced 70% of the paper it needed reducing imports considerably.

And since 1712, English bank notes and later passports, have been printed using Huguenot paper.

Huguenots also affected culture through language and fashion.

As most Huguenots assimilated by changing their surnames and marrying English people, many English versions of Huguenot names are still common across England today.

For example, the surnames Andrew, Baker, Forrester, and Newhouse are English versions of the Huguenot Surnames: (speaking French) and there are plenty of other examples as well.

As well as this, Huguenots brought their French fashion and silk weaving skills to England, which caught on quickly as is fashions were often admired by the wealthy.

James Leman is just one example of a Huguenots silk weaver, who became a famous figure in the textile industry, and he made fashionable new designs.

There are plenty of other impacts that the Huguenots made to British society, and generally speaking, they're all very positive as well.

But these are just a few examples for you.

Well, let's have a quick check for understanding now.

So Andeep says that Huguenot migrants a significant impact on the economy as they invested in large businesses and projects.

I'd like you to give one example to support Andeep's statement.

So pause the video while you complete that task, and I'll see you again in just a moment.

Okay, welcome back.

Hope you got okay with that task.

So you could have said that in 1694, the Bank of England was set up with Huguenot sponsors given 104,000 pounds of the 1.

2 million used to open the bank.

If you've got a different example to myself, then that's great, but at least you've got this one on the screen here in front of you as well now.

Let's have another check for understanding now, and it's a discussion based question.

I'd like you to think, how did Huguenot migrants impact English culture? So pause the video while you consider that question, and I'll see you again in just a moment.

Okay, welcome back.

Hopefully got okay with that task.

So let's think what you could have said then.

So you could have said that many English surnames today have Huguenot origins, and you could have also said that Huguenots brought their French fashion and silk weaving skills, which caught on quickly.

And James Leman is a fantastic example of that.

And if you've got different examples from myself, then that's absolutely great.

But hopefully you at least consider the two that are on the screen there in front of you as well.

Right.

Let's move on to our next task for today.

I'll like to describe two ways that Huguenots migration impacted England from 1500 to 1700s, and I'd like you to make sure that you include the following details in your response.

I'd like to discuss the Bank of England, French fashion and James Leman.

So pause the video while you complete that task, and I'll see you again in just a moment.

Okay, welcome back.

Hope you're got okay with that task.

Let's think what you could have said then.

So you could have said one way in which Huguenot migration impacted England was through their economic contributions.

Huguenot migrants set up several successful businesses and used their wealth to invest in other large businesses and projects.

One of the most famous investments was the Bank of England, which is set up with 104,000 pounds worth of investment from Huguenot sponsors.

This was a significant amount of the 1.

2 million pounds used to open the bank.

Huguenot Migrants also made cultural contributions to England.

Not only do many English surnames today have Huguenot origins, but Huguenots made a significant impact on popular fashion at the time.

For example, they brought with them French fashion and silk weaving, and these trends quickly caught on and became popular, particularly as this style was most admired by the wealthy.

One example of a migrant who made a significant impact in English fashion was James Leman, a Huguenot silk weaver who became a famous figure in the textile industry.

So hopefully, at least your answer follows a similar format to mine where I've included those specific details and have explained how to support the point that I'm trying to make.

Right.

Let's summarise today's lesson now then.

So tens of thousands of Huguenot migrants settled in England in the 1680s as a result of religious persecution in France following the Reformation and triggered by the revoking of the Edict of Nantes.

Most Huguenots had positive experiences as they were wealthy migrants who received great protection for the Monarch, especially as they were Protestant migrants.

Around 2000 Huguenots were naturalised between 1709 and 1711.

And Huguenot migrants had the greatest impact on the English economy, where they also impacted English culture.

Thank you very much for joining me today.

Hopefully you've enjoyed yourself.

Hopefully you've learned something, and hopefully I'll see you again next time.

Bye-Bye.