Lesson video

Hi, I'm Miss Mia.

Thank you so much for joining me in today's lesson.

Let's get started.

So in today's lesson, you'll be able to explain how Edward the First successfully united England.

Your keywords are on the screen now.

You can write them down if you'd like to.

So we've got parliament, just, antisemitism, knightly class.

Now, let's find out what these keywords mean.

So starting off with parliament.

Parliament or talking meeting is the group of political representatives who make laws, grant taxes and advise the king.

Just is when something or someone is fair or morally correct.

Antisemitism is hate or cruel treatment directed at Jewish people.

The knightly class is the group of landholders beneath the barons.

So this lesson is all about Edward the First, warrior and just ruler.

So we've got two lesson cycles today and our first lesson cycle is to do with finding out who Edward the First was.

And then we're gonna be looking at how Edward the First united England.

I'm super excited about this lesson.

I hope you are too, let's begin.

So on the left here, we have an illustration of Edward the First.

Edward was a strong leader and skilled in warfare.

Edward the First's father, Henry the Third was a weak king and had spent the later years of his reign fighting in a civil War against his barons.

Therefore, Edward's early adulthood was spent on the battlefield.

It was here where he outshone his father.

Edward was a strong leader and skilled in warfare.

He was likened to a leopard, powerful and unpredictable.

Edward was on the ninth crusade with his wife, Eleanor of Castile, when he learned of his father's death and that he had become king of England.

Over to you.

True or false?

People say Edward the First was like a leopard.

Is this true or is this false?

What do you think?

You can pause the video here and click play once you've got the answer to the first part of this check for understanding.

So what did you get?

Well, if you got true, you are correct and I'd like you to justify why.

So is it because A, because he was a powerful and unpredictable in warfare or B, because he was sneaky and cunning in his actions?

What do you think?

You can pause the video here and click play once you've completed this check for understanding.

So what did you get?

If you got A, you are correct.

People say Edward the First was like a leopard, because he was powerful and unpredictable in warfare.

Let's move on.

Edward was on crusade with his wife Eleanor of Castile when he learned he had become king of England.

And on the left here, we have an illustration of Edward the First and Eleanor of Castile.

Edward wanted to recover the lands lost by his grandfather, King John.

Edward the First wanted to unite England after it had been divided by a civil war between the king and his barons.

And on the left here, we can see an illustration of Edward's father, Henry the Third.

Edward was named after the last Saxon king of England, Edward the Confessor.

Edward the First was also known to his followers as Longshanks, due to the length of his limbs.

At over six tall, he towered over those around him.

He had equally high ambitions and wanted an empire which stretched throughout England, Wales, Scotland and France.

Edward believed he could unite England by showing he was willing to rule with parliament and be a just ruler.

Before he could build a united empire, Edward needed a united England.

He had inherited a country which had recently recovered from a civil war between the king and his barons.

The war was caused by a struggle over how much power the king should share with parliament.

Edward believed he could unite England by showing he was willing to rule with parliament.

This would prove he was a fair and just ruler of his people.

Over to you.

Why did Edward need to unite England after his father's reign?

Is it because A, there had been a civil war between Henry the Third and his barons, B, because there had been a conflict between Henry the Third and the church or C, because there had been a war between Henry the Third and Prince Edward?

What do you think?

You can pause the video here and click pay once you've got the answer.

So what did you get?

Well, you should have got A.

So Edward needed to unite England after his father's reign, because there had been a civil war between Henry the Third and his barons.

Well done if you got that.

Let's move on.

Back to you again.

How did Edward show his people he was a just ruler?

Is it A, by conquering the barons, B, by ignoring local justice or C, by sharing power with parliament?

What do you think?

You can pause the video here and click play once you've got the answer.

So what did you get?

If you got C, you are correct.

Edward showed people he was a just ruler by sharing power with parliament.

Well done if you got that.

Let's move on to the task for this lesson cycle.

So I'd like you to use the words below to complete the text correctly.

So we've got parliament, lands, just, Longshanks, warrior.

Let's read the paragraph below together.

Edward's early adulthood was spent on the battlefield and he was a skilled.

Being tall meant he became known as.

He had equally high ambitions and wanted to recover the given away by his father.

However, England had recently recovered from a civil war caused by a struggle over how much power the king should share with his people.

Edward believed he could unite England by showing he was a king who was willing to rule with.

Off you go, once you've completed this task, you can click play.

So how did that go?

Let's have a look.

So this is what you should have got.

Edward's early adulthood was spent on the battlefield and he was a skilled warrior.

Being tall meant he became known as Longshanks.

He had equally high ambitions and wanted to recover the lands given away by his father.

However, England had recently recovered from a civil war caused by a struggle over how much power the king should share with his people.

Edward believed he could unite England by showing he was a just king who was willing to rule with parliament.

Well done for completing this task.

Let's move on.

Lesson cycle two.

How did Edward the First unite England?

Well, Edward the First showed he could be a just ruler and called a Model Parliament in 1295.

Edward called parliament regularly throughout his reign, usually at least twice a year.

The rules surrounding who should attend parliament and when had not yet been decided.

When Edward wished to raise attacks, members from the knightly class and the barons were invited to parliament, and when Edward simply wished to ask for advice, he often only invited the leading barons.

In 1274, Edward ordered a review of local justice which had become a problem during his father's reign.

Edward encouraged people from the knightly class to bring petitions listing their complaints, written complaints of injustice, the parliament which they did for the first time in 1278.

Edward was showing he was willing to be a fair and just ruler to his people.

The parliament of 1295 has been identified by historians as particularly important.

Two knights were invited from each shire, county, to represent their communities.

They were given new powers to enforce and put into practice any new laws which the parliament passed.

Edward stated, "What touches all should be approved by all," meaning that laws that affect a lot of people should be voted on by people they are going to affect.

This 1295 meeting has become known as the Model Parliament, because it became the example way of doing parliament going forward.

Edward had shared his power and he now needed to bargain with parliament for them to agree to grant any major tax.

It could and frequently did withhold money unless the king agreed to pass new laws and address any complaints.

This established a pattern of deal-making, which represented a major change in the authority and power of the monarch.

The king accepted he should rule with his newly expanded and powerful parliament.

Over to you.

Fill in the missing word.

In 1295, Edward called a meeting which has become known as the parliament, because it became the example way of doing parliament going forward.

What do you think that missing word is?

You can pause the video here and click play once you're ready to move on.

So what did you get?

Edward called a Model Parliament.

Well done if you got that correct.

Let's move on.

So on the left here we have an image of a medieval drawing of a persecution of Jewish people.

Parliament persuaded Edward the First to expel Jewish people from England.

So in 1275, parliament passed a law which meant Jewish people were no longer allowed to lend money.

Before this, one of the few jobs Jewish people had been allowed to do in England was lend money to other people.

In 1290, parliament agreed to grant a tax only if Edward would agree to expel all Jewish people from England.

Jewish communities often provided a lot of money for the king as he could borrow from Jewish money lenders and make them pay high taxes.

However, Jewish people were often the targets of hateful and vicious attacks from neighbors and antisemitism had become common.

Edward agreed to the demands of parliament and the 1290 edict of expulsion ordered all Jewish people to leave England.

This particular case shows that handing more power to parliament did not necessarily mean more justice for all.

Back to you.

Fill in the two missing words.

So in 1275, parliament passed a law which meant people were no longer allowed to lend money.

These people were often the targets of hateful attacks from neighbors and had become common.

What do you think the missing words are?

You can pause the video here and click play once you're ready to continue.

So what did you get?

Well, in 1275, parliament passed a law which meant Jewish people were no longer allowed to lend money.

These people were often the targets of hateful attacks from neighbors and antisemitism had become common.

Let's move on.

Edward the First was the first medieval king not to be faced with a civil war.

Edward the First faced one serious challenge from his barons in 1297 who were struggling to pay the heavy taxes which the king needed to fight his foreign wars.

By using parliament as a place for discussion, the barons and the king were able to reach a compromise in 1298 and avoid conflict.

Though taxes were high, Edward's skillful use of his parliament allowed him to maintain the loyalty of the barons and knightly class throughout his reign.

Edward had united England and was the first medieval king not to be faced with a civil war.

With the support of parliament in raising taxes, Edward launched campaigns to build his empire.

Back to you.

What first did Edward achieve after maintaining unity in England?

Is it A, he was the first medieval king not to face a civil war, B, he was the first medieval king not to fight in a war or C, he was the first medieval king not to go on crusade?

What do you think?

You can pause the video here and click they once you've got the answer.

So what did you get?

If you got A, you are correct.

So Edward the First maintained unity in England, because he was actually the first medieval king not to face a civil war.

Let's move on.

Here's our last task for this lesson.

So I'd like you complete the following sentence starters.

During each year, Edward called parliament.

Edward dealt with complaints of local injustice by.

Jewish people were often the targets of.

The 1295 meeting was known as the Model Parliament, because.

And lastly, Edward established a pattern of deal-making with parliament which involved.

Off you go, you can click play once you've completed this task.

So how did that go?

Your answers may include something like this.

So during each year, Edward called parliament regularly, usually at least twice a year.

Edward dealt with complaints of local injustice by encouraging people from the knightly class to bring petitions listing their complaints to parliament.

Jewish people were often the targets of hateful attacks from neighbors and antisemitism had become common.

The 1295 meeting was known as the Model Parliament, because two knights were invited from each county, becoming the example way of doing parliament going forward.

Edward established a pattern of deal-making with parliament, which involved the king addressing any complaints in return for the granting of new taxes.

Two.

I'd like you to explain in one or two paragraphs how Edward the First successfully united England.

In your answer include as many of the following words as you can.

Just, parliament, knightly class, loyalty.

You can pause the video here and click play once you've completed this task.

So how did that go?

Well, your answer may include something like this.

Edward the First successfully united England by showing he could be a just ruler.

He had inherited a country which had recently recovered from a civil war caused by a power struggle between the king and parliament.

Edward proved he was a just king by ruling more with parliament.

For example, he encouraged the knightly class to have more of a say in the ruling of the country through the use of petitions and the modern parliament.

By using parliament, Edward maintained the loyalty of the barons and knightly class throughout his reign.

Edward had united England and was the first medieval king not to be faced with a civil war.

Well done for completing this task.

We've now reached the end of this lesson, let's summarize our learning.

So this lesson was all about Edward the First.

We now understand that Edward the First was a strong leader and skilled in warfare.

Edward the First wanted to unite England after it had been divided by a civil war between the king and his barons.

He showed he could be a just ruler and called a Model Parliament in 1295.

Parliament persuaded Edward the First to expel Jewish people from England.

And lastly, Edward the First was the first medieval king not to be faced with a civil war.

Thank you so much for joining me in this lesson.

Bye.