Lesson video

Hi, I'm Miss Mia.

Thank you so much for joining me in this lesson today.

In this lesson, you'll be able to explain why Edward I's attempts to conquer Scotland ended in failure.

So your keywords are on the screen now and you can write them down if you'd like to.

We've got guerrilla, outlaw, schiltrom, causeway, chainmail.

Let's find out what these keywords mean.

A guerrilla or small war group is a small military force which make unexpected attacks on a larger enemy.

An outlaw is a person who has broken the law and who lives separately from the other parts of society because they want to escape punishment.

A schiltrom is a military tactic which involved using long spears to protect soldiers from cavalry charges.

A causeway is a raised path, especially across a wet area.

Chainmail is a cloth made of small metal rings that have been joined together to make protective armor.

Let's move on.

So this lesson is all about the Scottish resistance to Edward I's rule.

We've got three lesson cycles today and our first lesson cycle is to do with William Wallace.

We're then going to be having a look at the Battle of Stirling Bridge.

And then lastly, we'll be looking at the Hammer of the Scots.

I hope you're really excited about this lesson.

I definitely am.

Let's begin.

A Scottish knight, William Wallace, became an important leader in Scottish resistance against English rule.

And here on the left we have a statue of William Wallace.

Wallace had a reputation as a fearsome warrior and led several guerrilla attacks on English soldiers stationed in Scotland.

Over to you.

Fill in the two correct missing words.

William Wallace became an after murdering an English sheriff and leading several attacks on English soldiers stationed in Scotland.

You can pause the video here and click play once you've got the answers.

So how did that go?

Well, this is what you should have got.

Let's read it together.

William Wallace became an outlaw after murdering an English sheriff and leading several guerrilla attacks on English soldiers stationed in Scotland.

Well done if you managed to get those correct.

Let's move on.

William Wallace gained support from some of the Scottish lords, including Robert the Bruce, son of the Earl of Carrick.

And here on the left we have an illustration of Robert the Bruce.

In 1297, the Scottish resistance, led by William Wallace, defeated the English forces at the Battle of Stirling Bridge.

And here on the left, we can see an illustration of the Battle of Stirling Bridge.

Back to you.

Which battle in 1297 saw the Scottish resistance, led by William Wallace, defeat the English forces?

Is it A, the Battle of Berwick, B, the Battle of Falkirk, or C, the Battle of Stirling Bridge?

You can pause the video here and click play once you've got the answer.

So what did you get?

If you got C, the Battle of Stirling Bridge, you are correct.

Let's move on.

Task A, with your partner, take it in turns to describe William Wallace to one another.

You should try to mention his background, his reputation, and some of his actions.

You can start by saying, "William Wallace was.

" Pause the video here and click play once you've completed this task.

So how did that go?

Well, you may have said something like this.

William Wallace was a Scottish knight turned outlaw.

He murdered an English sheriff and led guerrilla attacks on English soldiers in Scotland.

He had a reputation as a fearsome warrior and defeated the English forces at the Battle of Stirling Bridge.

Well done if you managed to include some of those key points.

Let's move on.

Lesson cycle two, the Battle of Stirling Bridge.

Now, one of the most important battles of Scottish resistance was the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297.

At this time, William Wallace and his supporters controlled most of Northern Scotland.

So there's Northern Scotland.

Now we have an illustration of The Earl of Surrey.

Wallace had laid siege to Dundee Castle, which was held by English soldiers.

With Edward fighting in France, and English Army led by the Earl of Surrey was sent north to help free the soldiers.

The English arrived at Stirling Bridge on the south bank of the River Forth, and spotted Wallace's army on the north side of the river.

Over to you.

Why was Stirling Bridge important?

Is it A, it was the first bridge across the River Forth, B, it was the site of Robert the Bruce's coronation, or C, it was the tallest bridge of its time?

What do you think?

You can pause the video here and click play once you've got the answer.

So what did you get?

If you got A, you are correct.

Stirling Bridge is important because it was the first bridge across the River Forth.

Let's move on.

The English sent messengers across the river to Wallace to see if he was willing to accept surrender.

He rudely refused.

On the left, we have a modern view of Stirling Bridge and Wallace Monument.

Wallace replied, "Tell your commander that we are not here to make peace, but to do battle, to defend ourselves.

Let them come on and we shall prove this.

" So this provoked the English army to cross Stirling Bridge.

Wallace's army swooped down from the hill and soldiers with spears blocked the bridge.

The rest of the English soldiers were trapped on the north bank and outnumbered by Wallace's army.

And we can see that happening here.

Many English soldiers tried escaping across the marshland or swimming across the river, but the weight of their chainmail meant they drowned.

And here we can see that in this illustration.

Over to you.

Why was the Battle of Stirling Bridge an important victory for the Scottish resistance?

Is it, A, because it ended English claims over Scotland, B, it led to the capture of Edward I and the defeat of his army, Or C, it strengthened Scottish resistance against English rule?

What do you think?

You can pause the video here and click play once you've got the answer.

So what did you get?

If you got C, you are correct.

It strengthened Scottish resistance against English rule.

Well done.

Let's move on.

Task B, I'd like you to use the words below to complete the boxes underneath.

We've got causeway, crossing, chainmail, narrow, spears, trapped.

How were the English defeated at Stirling Bridge?

The wooden bridge was.

The was surrounded by marshland.

The English army ignored the safer.

Scottish soldiers carrying blocked the bridge.

English soldiers were on the north bank.

English soldiers drowned because of their.

You can pause the video here and click play once you've got the answers.

So how did that go?

Well, let's have a look.

The wooden bridge was narrow.

The causeway was surrounded by marshland.

The English army ignored the safer crossing.

Scottish soldiers carrying spears blocked the bridge.

English soldiers were trapped on the north bank.

English soldiers drowned because of their chainmail.

Well done if you managed to get all of those correct.

Let's move on.

This is our third lesson cycle, so the Hammer of the Scots.

Let's begin.

Edward I was not at Stirling Bridge, as he was fighting a war in France.

When Wallace invaded northern England and began plundering and burning towns and villages, parliament finally agreed for Edward to raise an army.

The English army included many English and Welsh archers.

In 1298, Edward forced Wallace to fight a battle rather than make guerrilla attacks: The Battle of Falkirk.

Wallace first used the tactic of the schiltrom.

However, Wallace's schiltroms were defeated by Edward's superior cavalry and arches.

Here we have an illustration of Edward I.

Many Scottish knights left the battlefield.

Wallace escaped, and for five years, many Scottish continued to resist Edward's rule.

Edward finally secured victory in 1304.

This brutal campaign in Scotland later earned Edward the nickname "Hammer of the Scots.

" In this illustration here, we can see William Wallace being paraded in captivity.

So in the following year, 1305, Wallace was captured after being betrayed by his fellow countrymen.

William Wallace was hanged, drawn, and quartered.

Over to you.

How did the Scottish resistance respond to Edward I's brutality?

Is it A, they developed a common Scottish identity, B, they formed an alliance with England, or C, they surrendered and accepted Edward's rule?

What do you think?

You can pause the video here and click play once you've completed this check for understanding.

So what did you get?

If you got A, you are correct.

They developed a common Scottish identity.

Let's move on.

In 1306, Robert the Bruce murdered a rival Scottish claimant and declared himself king of Scotland, causing a Scottish civil war.

And on the left here, we've got an illustration of Robert the Bruce murdering a rival Scottish claimant.

By 1307, Edward I was an old man, and as he prepared another invasion of Scotland to put down Bruce's rebellion, he caught dysentery and died.

Edward I never fully achieved his dream of becoming "Rex Totius Britanniea," king of all Britain.

Back to you.

What happened to Edward I in 1307 as he was preparing for another invasion of Scotland?

Is it A, he caught dysentery and died, B, he conquered Scotland and ended Bruce's rebellion, or C, he was hanged, drawn, and quartered?

What do you think?

You can pause the video here and click play once you've got the answer.

So what did you get?

Well, Edward I caught dysentery and died.

It was William Wallace that was hanged, drawn, and quartered.

Let's move on.

Robert the Bruce went on to defeat the English at Bannockburn in 1314.

Back to you.

What happened to the Scottish resistance after Edward I's death in 1307?

Is it A, Robert the Bruce became the Hammer of the Scots, B, Robert the Bruce went on to defeat the English in 1314, or C, the Scottish no longer resisted English rule?

What do you think?

You can pause the video here and click play once you've got the answer.

So what did you get?

If you got B, you are correct.

Robert the Bruce went on to defeat the English in 1314 after Edward I's death in 1307.

Let's move on.

Task C, starting with the earliest, sort, these events into time order, or in other words, chronological order.

So we've got Robert the Bruce defeats the English at Bannockburn, Wallace defeats the English forces at Stirling Bridge, Edward dies of dysentery, Edwards defeats Wallace at the Battle of Falkirk.

You can pause the video here and click play once you've completed this task.

So what did you get?

Let's have a look.

To begin with, Wallace defeated the English forces at Stirling Bridge.

Then, Edward defeated Wallace at the Battle of Falkirk.

After that, Edward dies of dysentery.

And then lastly, Robert the Bruce defeated the English at Bannockburn.

Well done if you managed to order those correctly.

Task two, explain in one paragraph why Edward I's attempts to fully conquer Scotland ended in failure.

In your answer, include as many of the following words as you can: brutality, outlaw, guerrilla, resistance, Robert the Bruce.

You can pause the video here and click play once you've completed this task.

So how did that go?

Your answer may have included something like this.

Edward I's attempt to conquer Scotland ended in failure because his brutality increased Scottish resistance.

A key leader of the resistance was William Wallace, who became an outlaw after murdering an English sheriff.

Wallace led several successful guerrilla attacks and defeated the English forces at the Battle of Stirling Bridge.

Edward's brutal campaign in Scotland earned him the nickname Hammer of the Scots, and caused a more determined Scottish resistance.

This ultimately led to further rebellion from Robert the Bruce, who went on to defeat the English at Bannockburn in 1314.

Well done if you managed to include some of those key points.

We've now reached the end of this lesson, so let's summarize our learning.

This lesson was all about the Scottish resistance to Edward I's rule.

You now understand that William Wallace and the Scottish resistance had victories against the English at Stirling.

Stirling Bridge was important because it was the first bridge across the River Forth.

The Battle of Stirling Bridge was an important victory because it boosted Scottish resistance against English rule.

Scottish resistance helped to develop a common Scottish identity.

And lastly, Edward I died in 1307 and Robert the Bruce continued the Scottish resistance.

Thank you so much for joining me in this lesson, and I hope you really enjoyed it.

Bye.