Hello, and welcome to today's history lesson.

My name is Mr. Merrett, and I'll be guiding you through today's lesson, so let's get started.

Today's lesson is looking at the Glorious Revolution in Scotland and Ireland, and by the end of today's lesson, we'll be able to explain how Scotland and Ireland reacted to the deposition of James II.

In order to do that, we need to use some key terms, and our key terms for today are Episcopalian and Jacobite.

An Episcopalian is a form of Protestantism where the church is run by bishops and a Jacobite is a supporter of the deposed James II and his descendants.

Today's lesson will consist of two separate learning cycles, and our first learning cycle is looking at the Jacobite rising in Scotland.

So let's get started.

So in 1689, the MP, John Hampden, who's on the screen in front of you there, refers to the transfer of power from James II to William III and Mary II as the "Glorious Revolution." And obviously, that's the term that has stuck to this day, that's how historians refer to the particular event.

Now, the reason why he called it the Glorious Revolution is that no blood or very, very little blood had been spilled on English soil.

However, the same cannot be said of the Glorious Revolution in the other kingdoms that the English monarchs ruled over, which was Scotland and Ireland.

Let's have a quick check for understanding now.

So true or false statement, the MP John Hampden, coined the term "Glorious Revolution" in 1689, is that true or is that false? All right, if you answered true, then congratulations, that is indeed true, but let's justify the statement, why is it a true statement? Is it true because the revolution was called this because many people performed heroic deeds? Or is it true because the revolution was called this 'cause it was a bloodless transfer of power? So choose your justification now.

Alright, if you chose B, then very well done, that is indeed the correct answer.

Now, when England decided on the 13th of February, 1689 that James II was no longer King of England, he still remained King of Scotland, the Scottish Convention sat in January, 1689, to debate the issue of who their monarch was.

Was it still James II or was it now William and Mary? Scotland at this time, was experiencing a serious split in the Protestant religion between Episcopalians who believed that the Scottish Church, or the Kirk, as it was known, should be run by bishops, appointed by the Monarch, and Presbyterians who believed that the Kirk should be run by elders who were elected by the people.

The Episcopalians supported James, while the Presbyterians supported William III.

On the 16th of March, James sent a letter to the Scottish Convention demanding obedience from Scotland and threatening anyone who disobeyed.

Now the letter backfired spectacularly.

Some Episcopalians chose to leave the Convention, whilst others chose to join the Presbyterians.

The result was that on the 4th of April, 1689, the Scottish Convention voted to remove James II as king, and then this became official on the 11th of April, which was the day that William and Mary were crowned in England, and on the same day, Scotland also passed the Claim of Rights Acts, which essentially is the Scottish version of the Bill of Rights that was passed in England.

The Scottish Parliament, just like the English Parliament, now claimed more power than the Monarch.

Right, let's do another quick check for understanding now.

So which two forms of Protestantism were competing for power in Scotland? Was it the Anabaptists? Was it the Episcopalians? Was it the Lutherans, or was it the Presbyterians? So choose two of those options now.

Okay, if you chose B and D, then very well done those are the correct answers.

Now, on the 11th of May, William and Mary accepted the Throne of Scotland and confirmed the status of Presbyterianism as the official form of the Protestant religion in Scotland.

The result was that Episcopalians, despite their previous fury at James's letter, were unhappy with this new turn of events, and many joined with Catholics who shared James' religion, and those with personal ties to James, to form a group known as the Jacobites, and these Jacobites were supporters of James.

And the reason why they were called Jacobites is that Jacobus is Latin for James.

Of those with personal ties to James, the Duke of Gordon had taken control of Edinburgh Castle and Viscount Dundee was raising troops in the Highlands.

However, the Jacobite rising was weakened when the Duke of Gordon surrendered Edinburgh Castle on the 14th of June, of course, the Jacobite rising wasn't over, though, because Viscount Gordon had still had at least some of these Highland troops that he had raised.

And on the 27th of July, they won a surprising, but bittersweet victory at the Battle of Killiecrankie, and the reason being is that the outnumbered Jacobites defeated Williams' troops, but they lost the majority of their men, including Viscount Dundee, he was killed in just the final minutes of the battle during a cavalry charge.

Now without the manpower or the leadership needed to keep the cause going, the Jacobite rising petered out in Scotland by 1690, although it did flare up fairly regularly for the next 60 or so years.

Okay, let's have another check for understanding now.

So, what name was given to the supporters of James II? Was it the Hamptonites, the Episcopalians, or the Jacobites? All right, if you chose C, the Jacobites, then very well done, that is the correct answer.

Okay, let's go for our first task for today now then, so I'd like you to explain why members of the following groups became Jacobites.

So Catholics, Episcopalians, and people with personal ties to James II.

And you can use the sentence starters to help you with this task.

So Catholics became Jacobites because.

Episcopalians became Jacobites because.

, and people with personal ties to James II became Jacobites because.

So pause the video whilst you did this task, and I'll see you again in just a moment.

Okay, welcome back.

Hopefully, you got on okay with that task.

Let's think about then what you could have said.

So you could have said that Catholics became Jacobites because they shared James' religious beliefs and hoped that Catholicism in Scotland would become stronger under James II.

Episcopalians became Jacobites because they relied upon the king to appoint bishops so that they could gain power and had lost that power under William III.

And people with personal ties to James II became Jacobites because they personally knew James and wanted to restore him to power.

If you've got different arguments to me as long as they're logical and they're backed by evidence, then that's absolutely fine.

Let's go for our next task for today then.

So how successful was the Jacobite rising of 1689? Now, whatever your opinion is, you need to use at least one piece of evidence to support that opinion.

So pause the video whilst you do this, and I'll see you again in just a moment.

Okay, welcome back.

I hope you got on okay with that task, let's think about what you could have said then.

So you could have said that the Jacobites rising of 1689 was not successful.

Although the Jacobites won a surprising victory at the Battle of Battle of Killiecrankie in July, they did not have the manpower or leadership to make anything of this victory.

Furthermore, their one stronghold, Edinburgh Castle, had already been surrendered in June, and so by 1690, the Jacobite rising had petered out.

So hopefully, you've got something similar to what I have on the screen there in front of you.

Let's move on now then to our second and final learning cycle for today, which is looking at the Williamite War in Ireland.

Now, whereas England and Scotland were almost entirely Protestant by 1690, Ireland remained predominantly Catholic, with 75% of the population following the religion.

There were some Protestants, but they were mainly concentrated in the Ulster Region in the north, where they made up nearly half of the population there.

Irish Catholics naturally supported James II as they shared the same religion, but some Irish Protestants also joined the Jacobite cause.

Irish Jacobites supported James for other reasons too.

In 1600, 90% of Irish land belonged to Catholics, and just give you an idea of that, the top pie chart on the screen in front of you there, gives you the idea about the land distribution between Catholics and Protestants in Ireland, however, in 1685, this had dropped just 22%.

So you can see that that Catholic majority in 1600, has been absolutely whittled away to a very slim minority by 1685.

So quite simply, Irish Catholics wanted their land back to a great extent.

Both Catholics and Protestants, also wanted more power for the Irish Parliaments, and the Jacobites hoped that by supporting James, he would reward them when he reclaimed his throne.

The Irish Jacobites were led by the Earl of Tyrconnell, who had raised 36,000 men in defence of his king, which is a pretty large army, certainly for this period of time.

Having said this, though, this army lacked equipment, they lacked training, they lacked pay, and they lacked experienced officers.

So effectively what the Earl of Tyrconnell had raised was a rabble, and the rise in undisciplined and unpaid soldiers, led to Ireland becoming increasingly lawless in 1689, which caused many people to flee, either abroad if they could, or at the very least, the safety of towns.

And just to give you an idea about the scope of this, the Town of Derry up in the North, grew from a population of roughly 2,500 in December 1688, to over 30,000 by April 1689.

And these are all people rushing in from the countryside, trying to get away from these lawless soldiers that are roving the countryside now.

Well, let's have a check for understanding, so why did Irish Catholics support James II? So pause the video whilst you can think about some different ideas for the answer to this question, and we'll join you again in just a moment.

Okay, let's think about then what you could have said.

So you could have said that they shared the same religion as James, that in 1600, 90% of Irish land belonged to Catholics, whereas in 1685, this had dropped to 22%, and quite simply, they wanted this land back.

They wanted more power for the Irish Parliament.

And also, they hoped that by supporting James, he would reward them when he reclaimed his throne.

So hopefully, you've got at least some of those answers on the screen there in front of you.

Now on the 12th of March 1689, James II landed in Kinsale in County Cork, which is down in Southern Ireland there, and he was coming from France, and he is accompanied by French, English, and Scottish supporters.

So quite a diverse group of people, but they're all Catholics predominantly, and they all wanted James back on the throne.

On the 14th of March, a Williamite militia, so just to kind of explain this a little bit, Williamites were the followers of William, so anybody who's a follower of William in Ireland was referred to as a Williamite.

There were, of course, fewer followers of William than there were of James in Ireland at this point in time.

In any case, a Williamite militia was defeated on the 14th of March, at Dromore in County Down, and four days later, James' forces besieged Derry.

So very quickly, James was having an impact in the Williamite War.

James called for the Irish Parliament in May, and the Irish Parliament confirmed that he was their rightful king.

So although in England and then later on in Scotland, James is no longer legally the king, Parliaments from both countries have said, "No, you've lost your title." In Ireland, they actually confirmed that he was still their king.

Now the Jacobite rising in Ireland initially went well, which was partly due to establishing close communication with the Jacobite rising in Scotland, which was also happening at the same time, so everything we've previously discussed in this lesson, this is all happening at the same time as what's happening in Ireland as well.

However, by mid-May, the situation in Ireland had changed.

And the reason being is that the Jacobite rising in Scotland was faltering, communication between the Jacobites in Ireland and Scotland have been severed, and the Jacobite Army besieging Derry, was facing significant internal problems. And the reason being is that the French soldiers who James brought with him were absolutely detested by the Irish soldiers, and the French didn't think much of the Irish either.

By the end of July, the Siege of Derry had been broken and the Jacobites had been forced out of Ulster.

The tide was turning against James.

All right, it's another check for understanding now.

So which country did James II journey to from France in order to regain the throne of England? Was it Ireland, Scotland, or Wales? Make your choice now.

Okay, if you chose A, Ireland, then very well done, that is indeed the correct answer.

And another check for understanding now is a true or false statement.

The Jacobite rising in Ireland went well throughout 1689.

Is that true or is that false? Okay, if you chose false, then very well done, it is indeed a false statement, but let's justify it now, why is it a false statement? Is it false because initially, the Irish rising went well, but by mid-May, it was faltering due to the Scottish rising's failures and internal problems? Or is it false because initially, the Irish rising went badly, but by mid-May, it was improving due to the Scottish rising's success? So choose your justification now.

Okay, if you chose A, then very well done, that is indeed the correct answer.

So poor weather and a lack of supplies for both sides caused the Williamite War in Ireland to slow down until the summer of 1690.

And by this point, James' forces held a defensive line to the south of the River Boyne.

William himself had also journeyed to Ireland to take control of his forces, and on the 1st of July, he led an attack against James over the river.

The Battle of the Boyne saw William emerge victorious.

And despite the fact that the Jacobites retreated in good order, and there was actually very few casualties from either side, it didn't matter because the morale of the Jacobite Army was completely shattered by this defeat.

any Jacobites deserted, and James himself left Ireland and returned to France, earning him a nickname in Ireland of James the Coward.

He had several other nicknames due to this event in Ireland, but none of which can be repeated in this video.

The Irish weren't at all happy with what James did.

This, though, turned out to be the final opportunity for James to reclaim the throne.

The French King Louis XIV saw little use for James after this, and so stopped funding efforts to help him regain his crown.

The Jacobite cause in Ireland fizzled out by 1691, and James spent the rest of his life in exile in France until he died on the 16th of September, 1701.

As a point of interest during his time in exile, James was offered the Throne of Poland by Louis XIV, but he turned it down because he always hoped that he, once again, he would reclaim his throne in England, that if he took the throne in Poland, that would destroy his chances.

So James always held out hope that maybe he'd be restored to the throne at some point.

All right, another check for understanding now.

So which battle fought between William III of Orange and James II ended James' chances of reclaiming the throne? Was it the Battle of Bosworth, the Battle of the Boyne, or the Battle of the Bulge? Make your choice now.

Alright, if you chose B, the Battle of the Boyne, then very well done, that is indeed the correct answer.

Right, let's go for our next task now then, So I'd like you to think how effective was the Jacobite movement in Ireland? And I'd like you to provide at least one piece of evidence to support the opinion that you hold.

So pause the video whilst you do this, and I'll see you again in just a moment.

Okay, welcome back, hopefully, you got on okay with that task, let's think of what you could have said then.

So you could have said the Jacobite movement in Ireland was more successful than it was in Scotland, but it was still not particularly successful.

James himself led the movement, which resulted in greater manpower and resources for the Jacobites, but he was unable to make any serious gains.

The Siege of Derry came to nothing and the Battle of the Boyne resulted in a Jacobite loss and caused James to flee Ireland, damaging his reputation as a leader.

If you have a different opinion to myself or if you use different evidence, that's absolutely fine, as long as you explain how your evidence supports the point that you're making.

All right, let's go through our next task for today then.

So how similar were the Jacobite movements in Scotland and Ireland? And now I'd like you to provide a balanced answer here.

So provide at least one piece of evidence to suggest that they were similar, another piece of evidence to suggest that they were different, and then finally, explain what your overall opinion is.

So pause the video whilst you do this, and I'll see you again in just a moment.

Okay, welcome back, hopefully, you've got on okay with this task, let's think about then what you could have said.

So you could have said that in some ways, the Jacobite movements in Scotland and Ireland were similar.

For instance, both movements were defeated within a short space of time, the Scottish rising ended in 1690, and the Irish Jacobites were defeated by 1691.

Similarly, many Scottish Jacobites were Catholic, as were Irish Jacobites, and so were fighting for religion as well as James to be restored to the throne.

However, there were also differences: the Irish Jacobite movement appeared to be more of a threat as it directly involved James and William, who fought each other at the Battle of the Boyne.

Whereas, in Scotland, neither leader set foot in the country during the Jacobite rising.

Another difference was that the scale of fighting in Scotland was also much smaller, involving less men and fewer resources compared to the rising in Ireland.

Overall, the Scottish and Irish Jacobite movements were largely similar: although James wanted his throne back, both the Irish and Scottish Jacobites were also interested in religious and political freedoms that they hoped James would offer them if they were victorious.

Now, if you've used different evidence to me, then that's absolutely fine, but hopefully, what you can see there is that I've used my evidence to explain the points that I am making, and hopefully, you've done something similar for your answer as well.

Well, let's summarise today's lesson now then.

So the "Glorious Revolution" was coined by the MP John Hampden as it saw no blood spilled on English soil, but fighting did break out in both Scotland and Ireland.

Scottish Jacobites formed along religious lines and were defeated by William's forces by 1690.

James led the Jacobites in Ireland himself, although with limited success, and James was defeated by William at the Battle of the Boyne, ending his hopes of reclaiming his throne.

Thank you very much for joining me today.

Hopefully, you've enjoyed yourself.

Hopefully, you learned something, and hopefully, I'll see you again next time, bye-bye.