Hi there, I'm Mr. Roberts and thanks for joining me for today's history lesson, where my job will be to guide you through our history resources.

I'll be making sure that by the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to securely meet our lesson objective.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to explain how Parliament became more powerful during the period of the Hanoverian succession.

There are five key terms which we need to make sure we're comfortable with before embarking on our learning journey today.

The Act of Settlement was a law passed in 1701 stipulating only a Protestant could inherit the English throne.

A Protestant is a Christian who is a member of the Church of England, whose religious leader is the monarch.

A Catholic is a Christian who is a member of the Roman Catholic Church whose religious leader is the Pope in Rome.

Parliament is the group of representatives of the various peoples across the nation, which advises the monarch and enact the laws.

And the Glorious Revolution was an event in 1688 that rid England of the Catholic King James II and replaced him with Protestant rulers.

Our lesson on the Hanoverian succession is separated into three learning phases and I one is dedicated to examining the 1701 Act of Settlement.

The 1701 Act of Settlement was a very important piece of legislation in British history as it was designed to make sure that a Protestant would always inherit the throne and prevent a Catholic from ever becoming monarch.

The act forbade any Catholic from sitting upon the British throne or marrying a reigning monarch.

So let's make sure we've secured some key learning information now.

In what year did Parliament pass the Act of Settlement? A, 1601, B, 1701 or C, 1801? Pause the video while you decide on the answer and then press play when you're ready to resume.

Welcome back and well done if you said B, Parliament passed the Act of Settlement in 1701.

The Act of Settlement also ensured that only Protestant descendants of Sophia of Hanover could inherit the throne.

She was the strongly Protestant granddaughter of King James I who had been King of England from 1603 to 1625.

The act also established Parliament's authority over the monarch going forward.

Since Parliament's now decided the rules of succession as opposed to the Monarch naming their successor, this demonstrated a significant shift in power from the monarchy to parliament in terms of power and authority over the nation.

Before we move on again, let's just check the following.

True or false, the Act of Settlement ensured that only Protestant descendants of Sophia of Hanover could inherit the throne.

Pause the video while you decide on the correct answer and then press play when you are ready for the answer to be revealed.

Welcome back and well done if you identified the correct answer as true.

Now let's justify that answer.

Which of the following is true? A, Sophia of Hanover was the Protestant granddaughter of former Protestant English King James I, or B, Sophia of Hanover was the Catholic granddaughter of former Catholic English King James I.

Pause the video while you come to a decision and then press play when you're ready for the answer.

Welcome back and well done if you said the correct answer is A.

It's true to say that Sophia of Hanover was the Protestant granddaughter of former Protestant English King James I, and the Act of Settlement ensures that only Protestant descendants of Sophia of Hanover could inherit the throne.

Religious and political tension between Catholics and Protestants had marked English history for the last two centuries, and the Act of Settlement was a direct response to this.

The act was passed by the English parliament in the aftermath of the Glorious Revolution of 1688.

This event had seen the overthrow of the Catholic King James II due to his Catholicism and attempts to assert royal authority over parliament and the coronation of the Protestant joint monarchs, King William III and Queen Mary II.

Now, I'd like you to use what you've learned so far to identify one mistake in each statement on the screen and then correct it.

Statement one reads, "The 1701 Act of Settlement was designed to make sure that a Catholic would always succeed to the throne." And statement two reads, "The Act of Settlement was passed by the English parliament in the aftermath of the 1688 English Civil War." Pause the video while you correct the mistakes and then press play when you are ready for me to reveal the answers.

Welcome back and well done if your sentences now look like this.

The 1701 Act of Settlement was designed to make sure that a Protestant would always succeed to the throne.

And the Act of Settlement was passed by the English Parliament in the aftermath of the 1688 Glorious Revolution.

Next, I'd like you to complete the sentences on the screen using what you've learned so far.

Pause the video while you complete this task and then press play when you're ready for feedback in the form of model answers.

Hello again and well done if you managed to include any of the following.

Firstly, James II, England's last Catholic monarch, was replaced in 1688 during the Glorious Revolution.

Secondly, the Act of Settlement was passed in 1701, which ensured that no Catholic could inherit the English throne.

And finally, the Act of Settlement also set out that all future monarchs must be the Protestant descendants of Sophia of Hanover, the Protestant granddaughter of King James I.

Well done for your hard work there and now it's time to move on to the second learning phase of our lesson today where we'll be examining the reign of Queen Anne and the problem of the succession.

After the Glorious Revolution of 1688, William III and Mary II became the new king and queen.

Mary had become pregnant soon after their marriage in 1677, but unfortunately miscarried.

Mary became ill the following year and was not able to have a child as a result.

Mary died in 1694 and although William continued to rule without her until his death, he did not remarry and therefore they both died childless and without an heir.

Now, I'd very quickly like you to consider the answer to the following question, who became the joint monarchs of England after the Glorious Revolution of 1688? Pause the video while you consider the answer and then press play when you are ready to continue.

Welcome back and well done if you said that both Mary II and William II became joint monarchs of England after the Glorious Revolution of 1688.

Mary's sister Anne was next in the line of succession and became Queen in 1702.

She had married Prince George of Denmark in 1683 and the hope was that Anne would have children, one of whom would go on to become the nation's next monarch.

Sadly, however, she experienced a series of stillbirths and miscarriages and her one son that did survive infancy, sadly died when he was just 11 years old.

This again resulted in the absence of a clear heir to the throne.

Now I'd like you to identify and correct the mistake in Alex's statement.

Alex says, "William III and Mary II were made king and queen after the Glorious Revolution in 1688.

When they died their daughter Anne became queen." Pause the video while you correct Alex's statement and press play to reveal the answer.

Welcome back.

I asked you to correct Alex's statement, so well done if your answer included the following, William III and Mary II were made king and queen after the Glorious Revolution in 1688.

When they died, they had no children and so Mary's sister Anne became queen.

The question of who would become Britain's next monarch on Anne's death was uncertain, making Parliament very worried.

The lack of a clear successor reminded Britain's politicians and nobility of tension and confusion of the Glorious Revolution, a situation that the 1701 Act of Settlement had been designed to avoid.

They were concerned that a Catholic might try to seize the throne.

I'd now like you to match the key people in groups on the left of the screen with their matching descriptions on the right based on your understanding so far.

Pause the video while you work out the correct answers and then press play to check your answers.

Welcome back and well done if you correctly identified Parliament as the group of politicians worried about the succession William III and Mary II as the king and queen who ruled England jointly after the Glorious Revolution, and Queen Anne as the sister of Mary II and the childless queen whose death prompted a succession crisis for parliament.

Now, I'd like you to use what you've learned so far to explain why and Andeep's statement is correct.

Andeep says, "As Queen Anne had not produced any children, parliament was worried." Pause the video while you complete this task and then resume this video when you are ready for some feedback in the form of a model answer.

Welcome back.

I asked you to explain why Andeep is correct based on your learning so far.

Well done if you included any of the following in your answer.

Parliament was worried because Queen Anne had not produced any children and so did not have any heirs.

This meant that as the Act of Settlement dictated, they would need to offer the throne to the Protestant descendants of Sophia of Hanover.

The members of Parliament were worried that a Catholic might try to seize the throne instead.

Now let's move on to the final part of our lesson today, where we'll be looking in detail at the reign of King George I and the subsequent reduced power of monarchy after the succession crisis.

Queen Anne died in 1714 at the age of 49 after a prolonged period of ill health.

Parliament realised that they needed to act to ensure the smooth succession of a Protestant monarch to the British throne.

Even though the Act of Settlement explicitly outlawed a Catholic succeeding to the throne, there was an urgency to ensure that the heir would be taken from the line of Sophia of Hanover.

This was because some politicians argued at the time that the next Monarch should technically have been a member of the Stewart family who were Catholic, as they were more closely related to Anne than Sophia of Hanover's surviving heir, George Louis.

Despite this argument, the Act of Settlement prevailed and the throne pass to George Louis who became King George I of Great Britain at the age of 54.

The act safely insured a Protestant succession.

Now, I'd like you to put these events in chronological order, starting with the earliest.

Number of the boxes, one to four, with one being the earliest and four being the latest.

Pause the video while you do this and then press play for the correct order to be revealed.

Welcome back and well done if you ordered the events as follows.

Firstly, the Glorious Revolution resulted in William III and Mary II being crowned, replacing the Catholic King James II.

Secondly, the Act of Settlement was passed to ensure the Protestant descendants of Sophia of Hanover secured the throne.

Thirdly, William III and Mary II died childless, so the English throne passed to Mary II's sister Anne.

And finally Queen Anne died childless too and Parliament intervened to ensure that the throne was passed to Sophia of Hanover's heir, George.

George I was from Hanover in modern day Germany and was not fluent in English.

Therefore, he took a less active role in the day-to-day affairs of the running of the country compared to his predecessors, with him relying heavily on his ministers and advisors.

He also travelled back to his homeland on a regular basis, which resulted in much of his focus being diverted away from his new kingdom.

He was also aware of the power that Parliament had over him as a result of the Act of Settlement.

George I ruled that the will of Parliament and had less power than monarchs had wielded in the preceding centuries.

George I recognised these constraints and was reluctant to interfere too closely in parliamentary debates and decisions.

Now, I'd like you to choose the correct word to complete each sentence about the reign of George I.

Pause the video while you make your decisions and then press play when you are ready to continue.

Welcome back and well done if you said that George I took a less active role in the day-to-day running of the country than his predecessors had done.

And well done if you said that George I was not fluent in English when he became King of Great Britain.

And well done if you said that George I travelled back to his homeland of Hanover on a regular basis.

Finally, I'd like you to answer the following question in as much detail as you can.

Explain why George I intentionally left the day-to-day running of Great Britain to his ministers and advisors.

Try to include the following in your answer, not fluent, Hanover, parliament, Act of Settlement and less power.

Pause the video while you do this using your learning today and then press play when you are ready for some feedback in the form of a model answer.

Welcome back.

I asked you the following question, "Explain why George I intentionally left the day-to-day running of Great Britain to his ministers and advisors.

Well done if you managed to include the following in your answer.

One reason George I intentionally left the day-to-day running of Great Britain to his ministers and advisors was that he was not fluent in English, so he needed advisors and ministers to explain issues and decisions.

George I also travelled to his homeland of Hanover regularly resulting in much of his focus being diverted away from Britain.

Importantly, he was also aware of the power that parliament had over him.

Thanks to the 1701 Act of Settlement, George I ruled at the Will of Parliament and he knew he had less power than previous monarchs.

George I recognised these constraints and so was reluctant to interfere too closely in parliamentary debates and decisions.

Really well done today.

With that task finished we have.

Really well done today.

With that task finished, we've arrived at the end of our lesson.

The following is a summary of our key learning points, and it'd be great if you could remember these going forward.

In 1701, the Act of Settlement was passed which prevented any Catholic from sitting upon the British throne.

Queen Anne died childless in 1714, meaning there was no obvious heir by the end of her reign.

Parliament intervened to ensure a Protestant succession and as the Act of Settlement required, the throne passed to the protestant descendant of Sophia of Hanover, George Louis.

He became George I and was less involved in the running of government than his predecessors had been.

Thank you so much for joining me for our lesson today.

It's been a real pleasure to guide you through our history learning resources, and I very much look forward to seeing you again in the future, where we'll be looking at the emergence of cabinet government and the role of Prime Minister during the time of Sir Robert Walpole.