Hello, I'm Mr. Marchant and I'll be your history teacher for today.

I'm really looking forward to starting our learning journey together and my role will be to make sure that you can meet today's learning objective.

Welcome to today's history lesson, where we are gonna be working to explain who for in the English Civil War and why.

This is part of our unit on the English Civil War, where we are asking ourselves, what can pamphlets tell us about English politics in the 17th century? So our use of sources in today's lesson is really gonna think about how can we understand why people picked the signs that they did during the English Civil War? We have five key words which are gonna help us navigate today's lesson.

Those are civil war, royalist, parliamentarian, puritan, and propaganda.

A civil war is a war between two groups from the same country.

A royalist was a supporter of King Charles the I during the English Civil War.

Royalists were also known as Cavaliers.

A parliamentarian was a supporter of parliament during the English Civil War.

Parliamentarians were also known as Roundheads.

A Puritan was a person with very strict Protestant beliefs.

And propaganda is information which is often false, that is published by a person or group to make others agree with them.

Today's lesson is gonna be divided into three parts, and we're gonna start by thinking about picking sides during the English Civil War.

In 1642, a Civil War broke out between King Charles, the I and the English parliament.

The country was divided between royalists and parliamentarians.

The cartoon on the screen shows this division really clearly, with royalists on one side and parliamentarians on the other, calling one another cavalier dogs and roundhead curves insulting one another.

The Civil War not only split England as a whole between royalists and parliamentarians, it also split local communities and even families.

This was even true for some of the most important supporters on both sides.

Susan Fielding was an important royalist.

A portrait of Susan Fielding can be seen on the screen.

Susan was personally close to Queen Henrietta Maria as she was the queen's first lady of the bed chamber.

That meant that Susan spent a lot of time with the Queen.

However, Susan's son, Basil, declared his support for parliament rather than the king.

Susan wrote to her son, that I have so often written to you to change your mind that I'm out of all hope of persuading you.

But my motherly care means I cannot stop trying to convince you to get to the king before it is too late.

You must be able to see that the actions of parliament are unjust and against the king.

We can see from that letter just how divided a single family could be.

So let's check our understanding of the picking of science during the English Civil War.

We have a statement that says the English Civil War was very divisive.

Is that statement true or false? Pause the video here and press play when you're ready to check your answer.

Okay, well done to everybody who said that that statement was true.

The English Civil War was very divisive, but we now have two possible justifications on the screen.

The one reads that it involved many different people fighting one another, and the other says, members of the same family supported different signs.

Which one of those two justifications is best for showing that the English Civil War was very divisive? Pause the video here and press play when you're ready to check your answer.

Okay, well done to everybody who went for statement B.

We can tell the English Civil War was very divisive 'cause it only split the country between royalists and parliamentarians as a whole.

But those splits even ran through some families separating mothers from their children, siblings from one another as well.

So let's try another question.

Which of the following statements about Susan Fielding is correct? Is it that Susan Fielding never supported the Royalists because Queen Henrietta Maria was a Catholic? That Susan Fielding remained close to the royalists, even though Queen Henrietta Maria was a Catholic or that Susan Fielding stopped supporting the royalists because Queen Henrietta Maria was a Catholic.

Pause the video here and press play when you're ready to check your answer.

Okay, really well done.

To everybody who said the correct statement was B, Susan Fielding remained close to the royalists even though the queen was a Catholic.

In fact, Susan Fielding was the first lady in the bed chamber, meaning she spent an incredibly close amount of time with the Queen.

And one final question to really check that we understand the picking of signs during the Civil War, I want you to complete the gap by writing the missing word.

Susan Fielding was a royalist during the English Civil War, but her son Basil became a what? Pause the video here and press play when you're ready to check your answer.

Okay, well done to everybody who said parliamentarian.

Susan Fielding was a royalist during the English Civil War, but her son Basil became a parliamentarian.

So we know that sometimes parliamentarians were also called roundheads, and royalists also called Cavaliers.

So it's possible you could have also put roundhead as your answer for that gap.

So now we are in a good position to put all of our knowledge into practise.

I want you to complete the following two sentences.

Our sentences read the English Civil War was divisive because, and then we have a second sentence that says, for example, Susan Fielding was, and you need to complete both of those sentences.

So pause the video here and press play when you're ready to check your response.

Okay, well done for some really hard work on that task.

I asked you to complete the following sentences that the English Civil War was divisive because, and one that reads, for example, Susan Fielding was.

So your answer may have included, the Civil War was divided because the country was split between parliamentarians and royalists.

The split even divided families.

For example, Susan Fielding was a royalist, but her son Basil fought for parliament.

So really well done for your hard work on that task.

Now, we're ready to move on to the second part of our lesson today where we are gonna focus on foreign support during the English Civil War.

The English Civil War has also been referred to by historians as part of the wars of the free kingdoms. This is because the war between King Charles and the English parliament was just one of several conflicts which took place within and between Charles the I Free Kingdoms, England, Scotland, and Ireland, between 1638 and 1652.

The Civil War in England from 1642 to 1646, involved not only royalists and parliamentarians, but also Scottish armies after 1644.

Scotland had a large and well supplied army.

So its involvement helped make a big difference to the outcome of the English Civil War.

Scotland sided with Parliament and in 1644, they achieved a major victory against the Royalists in the battle of Marston Moor.

On the screen, you can see a painting of the parliamentarian army at the Battle of Marston Moor, 1644.

What the portrait doesn't show is the Scottish armies, which were also there helping the parliamentarians.

In 1646, Charles the I surrendered to the Scottish armies in England, bringing the Civil War to an end.

So let's check our understanding of foreign support during the English Civil War.

We have a statement on the screen that says, fighting during the English Civil War included more than just groups from England.

Is that statement true or false? Pause the video here and press play when you're ready to check your answer.

Okay, well done to everybody who said that that statement was true.

Fighting during the English Civil War did include more than just groups from England, but we need to be able to justify our answer.

So two justifications are now visible on the screen.

The one says the Civil War was part of the bigger war of the Europeans involving all the strongest countries in Europe.

The second justification says the Civil War was part of the bigger war of the free kingdoms, involving all the countries Charles the I ruled.

So which of those justifications is correct? Pause the video here and press play when you're ready to check your answer.

Okay, welcome to everybody who said that statement B was the correct justification.

We know that fighting during the English Civil War included more than just groups from England and that the English Civil War was part of a bigger conflict known as the War of the Free Kingdoms, which involved Ireland and Scotland as well as England.

Let's try a second question to make sure our knowledge is really secure.

Which country sent an army to fight in England in 1644? Was it France, Scotland, or Spain? Pause the video here and press play when you're ready to see the correct answer.

Okay, well done to everybody who said the correct answer was B, Scotland sent an army to fight in England in 1644.

The Army participated in major battles such as the Battle of Marston Moor.

And let's try one final question.

Who did the Scottish army support during the English Civil War? Was it the parliamentarians, the royalists or royalists and parliamentarians? Pause the video here and press play when you're ready to see the correct answer.

Okay, welcome to everybody who said that the Scottish army supported the parliamentarians.

The Scottish joined the fight against King Charles the I.

Both the royalists and the parliamentarians attempted to persuade the Scottish to fight alongside them during the English Civil War.

However, the Scottish had recent experience of fighting Charles the I themselves.

Two wars had been fought between Scots and the King in 1639 and 1640 over the issue of religious changes being made in Scotland.

This meant that many in Scotland did not trust the king.

By contrast, the Scots shared similar religious beliefs to many in parliament.

The Scots and a majority of parliament were puritans and were especially worried about the fret of Catholicism.

If they weren't, Parliament promised to run the English church like Scotland's.

So we have a statement on the screen and it says, the Scottish army shared similar religious beliefs to Charles the I and the royalists.

Is that statement true or false? Pause the video here and press play when you're ready to see the correct answer.

Okay, well done to everybody who said that that statement is false.

The Scottish army did not share similar religious beliefs to Charles the I and the royalists, but we need to justify that answer.

So we have two justifications we can see on the screen.

The first says Scotland was Catholic and opposed Charles the I religious policies, and the second says Scotland was Puritan and opposed Charles the I religious policies.

Which one of those two justifications is correct? Pause the video here and press play when you're ready to see the correct answer.

Okay, well done to everybody who said that statement B, the second justification was correct, Scotland was Puritan and opposed Charles the I religious policies.

This is part of why they didn't fight for the royalists during the Civil War.

So now we are ready to put all of our knowledge about foreign support during the English Civil War into practise.

I want you to add the missing words to complete the paragraph correctly.

The words to use are listed under the paragraph.

So pause the video here and press play when you are ready to check your answers.

Okay, some really good work on that task.

So if we want to check our answers, our paragraphs should look like this.

The foreign country of Scotland sent an army to fight in the English Civil War in 1644 and sided with the parliamentarians.

Parliament secured this foreign support because of shared Puritan values.

Foreign support helped parliament to win the Battle of Marston Moor in 1644.

Charles the I eventually surrendered to the Scots in 1646.

So really well done on that task.

We are now ready to move on to the third and final part of our lesson today when we're gonna think about pamphlets and propaganda.

It was important for both Royalists and parliamentarians to win as much support as they could during the Civil War.

Fighting was deadly and costly.

Each side needed to have enough soldiers and enough supplies to ensure they could keep on fighting.

Pamphlets were used as propaganda by both royalists and parliamentarians to try and secure people's support.

Often, these pamphlets tried to win over support from their readers by exaggerating information about their enemies to make them look bad.

A really clear example of this type of exaggeration and propaganda can be seen on the screen, especially in the image produced by parliamentarians that showed royalists killing young children and even babies.

So let's check our understanding of how propaganda was used during the Civil War.

We have a statement on the screen that says, pamphlets produced by both parliamentarians and royalists during the Civil War are treated as completely trustworthy by historians.

Is that statement true or false? Pause the video here and press play when you're ready to hear the correct answer.

Okay, well done to everybody who said that that statement is false.

Pamphlets produced by both signs during the Civil War are not treated as completely trustworthy by historians, but we need to be able to justify this.

So is it because these pamphlets often included exaggerations or false information or because the language in these pamphlets isn't always clear to modern readers? Pause the video here and press play when you're ready to see the correct answer.

Okay, well done to everybody who said the correct answer was justification, A.

These pamphlets often included exaggerations or false information to try and win readers over.

So historians do not treat them as completely trustworthy.

We have another statement on the screen now.

Propaganda pamphlets produced by both royalists and parliamentarians are not useful for historians of the English Civil War.

Do you think that statement is true or false? Pause the video here and press play when you're ready to check your response.

Okay, well done to everybody who said that that statement is false, but again, we want to justify our answers.

So is that statement false because they are the only sources that survived from the English Civil War? Or is that statement false because propaganda pamphlets tell us about what each side wanted to achieve in the war.

Pause the video here and press play when you're ready to see the correct answer.

Okay, well done to everybody who said that justification B was correct.

Propaganda pamphlets may include misinformation, exaggerations, but they are still useful for historians of the Civil War, especially because they can tell us about what each side wanted to achieve during the conflict.

And let's try one more question.

What two propaganda effects did royalists and parliamentarian pamphlets hope to achieve? So we are gonna pick two from this list.

That includes encourage people to fight in their armies, encourage people to ignore the war, encourage people to support peace or encourage people to support their side.

So which two of those effects did royalists and parliamentarian pamphlets hope to achieve? Pause video here and press play when you're ready to see the correct answers.

Okay, well done to everybody who said that statement A was one of the effects which propaganda from both sides hoped to achieve.

They wanted to encourage people to fight in their armies to increase their fighting strength, their number of soldiers, and they also wanted to encourage people to support their side.

So as well as fighting, this could also include people being willing to donate them money so they had enough supplies to keep the army fighting.

In 1643, a pamphlet called, "Conversation Between a Cavalier and a Convert" was published, imagining a conversation between two men.

The pamphlet was a piece of parliamentarian propaganda published to try and win new support.

Cavalier was another name used for Royalists.

The Convert was supposed to be a man who had stopped supporting the Royalists and become a parliamentarian instead.

The pamphlet included the following discussion, the Royalists said, "But we love and honour the king, and you fight against him." The convert replied, "We fight not against him, but against the crowd that is around him, a crowd of papists and evil advisors.

I have little hope to see the Protestant religion survive when I see Papists so much preferred and protected." The Royalists said, "This is because they are good subjects who help the king against Puritans and Parliament," to which the Convert replied, "Though they may help the King now against Puritans and Parliament, this is only because they know that Puritans and parliamentarians are the strictest Protestants who oppose them most.

They know they can trick the Protestants and the King's army to support restoring Catholic ceremonies and church superstitions." So let's think about that extract from conversation between a cavalier and a convert in a little bit more depth.

We can see from this pamphlet that when it says you fight against him, the royalist was talking to a parliamentarian.

He was saying the convert was now fighting against the king.

So it must have been a member of the parliamentarian side.

When it talks about a convert, it's clear that the speaker used to be a royalist.

They've changed their beliefs and who they were supporting in the war.

When the Convert talks about there being a crowd of papists and evil advisors around the king and says, that's who the parliamentarians are fighting.

That means the parliamentarians trying to say that his side was helping the king, not actually challenging him.

And where we see that the convert, the parliamentarian says papists are so much preferred and protected.

We can see that the pamphlets making the claim that royalists were actually favouring Catholics.

So let's check our understanding of that extract.

Why did the Convert claim he had stopped supporting the royalists during the Civil War? Was it because he was worried about Catholic influence? He's worried about dying in the war, or he is worried about not being paid? Pause the video here and press play when you're ready to see the correct answer.

Okay, welcome to everybody who said the correct answer was A, the convert claims that Catholics were being promoted and preferred and said he was worried about that.

Okay, so let's try another question.

I want you to identify a quote from conversation between a cavalier and a convert, which suggests that parliamentarians were trying to help the king not to challenge him.

Pause the video and press play when you're ready to reflect on your response.

Okay, so a quote which could have demonstrated that parliamentarians were trying to help the king, not challenge him, was this.

We fight not against him, but against the crowd that is around him, a crowd of papists and evil advisors." This was something that a convert said to try and show that actually, parliamentarians were not really against the king.

They were still loyal.

They were trying to help him instead.

So now we are ready to put all of our new knowledge about pamphlets and propaganda, during the English Civil War, into practise.

I want you to answer this question.

Who is more likely to have published the pamphlet, Conversation Between a Cavalier and a Convert? Was it more likely to have been a royalist or a parliamentarian? I want you to include a quote from the pamphlet to help explain your answer.

So pause the video here and press play when you're ready to reflect on your response.

Okay, really well done for all of your hard work on that task.

A lot that I was asking you to grapple with.

So if we start by thinking who was more likely to publish this pamphlet? Well, it's more likely that the pamphlet conversation between a Cavalier and a Convert was published by Parliamentarians, and I asked you to include a quote to help explain your answer.

So you may have continued in your response.

For example, it says, we fight not against him, but against the crowd that is around him, a crowd of papist and evil advisors.

This makes it sound like you could support parliament and still claim to be loyal to the king.

So really well done for all of your hard work on that task.

And we've now reached the end of today's lesson.

So in a good position to summarise our learning, we've seen today that the English Civil War divided the country and even families between royalists and parliamentarians.

Scotland joined the English Civil War and fought alongside Parliament.

The Royalists surrendered in 1646, and pamphlets were used as a form of propaganda by royalists and parliamentarians during the war to help increase supports for their sides.

So thank you for joining me for today's lesson.

It's been a real pleasure to work through together with yourselves, and I look forward to seeing you in future as we think further about the English Civil War and what pamphlets can tell us about politics in 17th century England.