Hi there.

I'm Mr. Roberts and thanks for joining me for today's history lesson where my job will be to guide you through our history resources.

I'll be making sure that by the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to securely meet our lesson objective.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to describe the consequences of the French Revolution in Europe and across the Atlantic.

There are five key words which will help to support our learning throughout today's lesson.

These are revolution, enlightenment, republic, absolute and colony.

A revolution is the forcible overthrow of a government, a great or complete change.

The Enlightenment was a movement in the 1600s and 1700s that promoted the use of reason and questioned authority.

A republic is a country without a king or queen.

In this lesson, absolute refers to a monarch's absolute power, meaning they don't have to answer to anyone for their actions, and a colony is an area under the control of another country and occupied by settlers from that country.

Lesson will be split into three parts and we'll begin by thinking about the events surrounding the French Revolution and the subsequent creation of a republic there.

The French Revolution began with the commoners known as the Third Estate, forming their own national assembly in 1789 and ended with the execution of King Louis XVI in 1793.

It was inspired by the American Revolution in 1781 as well as the Enlightenment ideas of freedom under equality.

Just as French Enlightenment philosophers such as Voltaire and Robespierre had wanted, France had brought an end to absolute monarchy and created a new republic.

Other European countries with monarchies such as Britain, Austria, and Russia were very worried that revolutionary ideas might spread beyond France, and so they declared war on the new French Republic in the following years.

They were terrified that what had happened to Louis XVI would happen to them.

They had also seen how a colony could break free from its imperial monarch just as Britain's 13 American colonies had done during the American Revolution.

The founders of the French Republic founded their new country along similar lines to the Americans calling for freedom, equality, and fraternity, which is another word for brotherhood or togetherness.

Let's do a quick learning check to make sure we are retaining the information we need moving forward.

True or false, the French revolution happened before the American Revolution.

Pause the video and make a decision.

When you're ready, restart the video and I'll reveal the answer.

Welcome back, and well done if you said it was false.

The French Revolution occurred after the American Revolution.

Now, pause the video again and determine which of the justifications on the screen is the most meaningful and come back when you are ready to continue.

Hello again and well done if you selected A as the most meaningful justification.

It's very much true to say that the American Revolution and the Enlightenment helped to inspire the French Revolution.

You can now see three different incomplete sentences on the screen.

One word will successfully complete all three sentences.

Pause the video and decide which key word you could use to complete each sentence.

Just to be clear here, the same word must appear in all three sentences.

Come back to this video when you've got an answer.

Welcome back, and well done if you identified that the key word that will successfully complete all three sentences was Republic.

The sentences should read, "After the French Revolution, France became a republic." After the American Revolution, America became a republic.

A republic is a country without a monarchy.

A written task now.

I would like you to complete the four sentences on the screen using what you've learned so far.

Pause the video and press play when you are ready for some possible answers.

Hello again.

Well done if your sentences look something like this, the Enlightenment of the 1600s and 1700s started in Europe and spread to America causing the American Revolution.

In 1789, this would inspire the French people to rise up in revolution against their own king, Louis XVI.

In 1793, the French people killed their king and established a new republic based on Enlightenment ideas.

After this, France had to fight to protect their new republic against European monarchies who were afraid of revolution.

That brings us then onto the second part of our lesson today where we are going to be looking at what happened after the French Revolution, specifically, France's Revolutionary Wars.

Just over 20 years, France was at war with its neighbours trying to protect its new republic and prevent the return of absolute monarchy.

Other monarchies in Europe.

So it is their duty to help put a monarch back on the French throne, and this led to a series of what would become known as Revolutionary Wars because they occurred as a direct result of the French Revolution.

In 1794, the year after the execution of Louis XVI, the new French Republic was able to beat back an attack from neighbouring Prussia.

In 1798, they were even able to expand into Egypt under a new and talented commander named Napoleon Bonaparte.

Napoleon's brilliant tactics led to victory over Russian and Austrian forces in 1805, and by 1809, he had significantly expanded the territory that the French Republic controlled.

His defeat by British and Prussian forces at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, marked the end of the French Revolutionary Wars, and Napoleon was exiled to the tiny island of St.

Helena in the South Atlantic where he died in 1821.

Despite Napoleon's ultimate defeat, he had shown great strength and determination during the two decades following the French Revolution, allowing the new French Republic to demonstrate that it could stand on its own against other European powers without the need for a monarchy.

Now, before we move on, we have to make sure that we have a good grasp of certain aspects of what we've just been talking about.

Which of the following is the correct term for the wars Napoleon fought to protect the new French Republic in the 20 years after the revolution? A, the French Rebellion Wars, B, the French Revolutionary Wars, or C, the Wars for the Protection of the Republic.

Pause the video and make a decision.

When you've made your decision, come back to the video to continue the lesson.

Welcome back, and very well done if you've remembered that the answer is B, the French Revolutionary Wars is the correct term for the wars Napoleon fought to protect the new French Republic in the 20 years after the revolution.

Now, select two answers which answer the following question.

What did Napoleon's success over this 20-year period demonstrate to the European monarchs he was fighting? A, the new French Republic was able to be strong and powerful even without a monarch in charge, B, the new French Republic was willing to fight to defend and spread its revolutionary ideas of equality, or C, the new French Republic was concerned only with itself and not the spread of revolutionary ideas.

Pause the video and select the two answers that you believe correctly answered the question at the top of the screen and return to this video when you are ready.

Hello again and well done if you said the correct answers were A and B.

Time for another written task now.

Complete the sentences for both Jun and Izzy below based on what you've learned so far.

Pause the video and press play when you are ready for some feedback.

Welcome back and well done if your sentences for both Jun and Izzy look anything like this.

Jun could have said, "One of the aims of the French Revolutionary Wars was to protect the new French Republic." And Izzy could have said, "Napoleon's success in the French revolutionary Wars proved that a country did not need a monarch to be successful." Now, we can move on to the final part of today's lesson where we'll explore the spread of France's revolutionary ideas throughout the Atlantic.

Enlightenment ideas of the 1700s spread across the Atlantic Ocean and inspired the American Revolution in 1781, both of which had helped ignite the French Revolution in 1789.

And just as Enlightenment ideas contributed to Britain's loss of its American colonies, they also led to France losing one of its colonies across the Atlantic too.

The Caribbean island of Haiti, known at the time as Saint-Dominque, was a French colony and a key destination in the trade of enslaved Africans by the French.

So, let's just ensure that we're retaining that information.

Saint-Dominque was a French colony.

Which of the below were transported there to work for no pay? A, Napoleon, after he was finally defeated and imprisoned, B, soldiers who had fought for France in the Revolutionary Wars, or C, enslaved Africans captured and transported by the French.

Pause the video, and when you've made a decision about the right answer, press play to check it.

Hello again, and well done If you said, C, that enslaved Africans were captured and transported by the French to Saint-Dominque to work for no pay.

This trade in enslaved Africans meant that by the 1790s, half a million enslaved Africans were in Saint-Dominque.

Around 30,000 European settlers also lived there, along with roughly the same amount of free people of indigenous Taino or African origin.

This group of free people were particularly inspired by both the French Revolution and the Enlightenment ideas of equality and freedom, which had reached them through books and pamphlets printed in Europe and the USA.

They aspired to the same dreams and living standards as white Europeans, but instead faced racist discrimination from the European settlers on the island.

As a result, this group of free people joined with the population of enslaved Africans and revolted against the European slaveholders.

Toussaint Louverture emerged as their leader.

He had been born enslaved on the island in 1743 and was self-educated, being particularly interested in military strategy, politics, and enlightenment ideas about human rights.

His tactical skill led to a number of victories against French forces during the 1790s.

In 1797, he became the official governor general of the island.

But in 1802, he was invited to peace talks by the French, who then betrayed him and took him prisoner.

He was taken back to France where he would die in prison in 1802, inspiring his people to keep fighting.

Another quick learning check now.

Which two of the below were a big influence on Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian Revolution? A, the French Revolution, B, the defeat of Napoleon, or C, Enlightenment ideas.

Pause the video and select the two correct answers and press play when you are ready to continue.

Welcome back and well done if you said A and C.

Both the French revolution and enlightenment ideas were big influences on Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian Revolution.

On New Year's Day in 1804, the island declared its independence, meaning it was no longer a colony of France changing its name to Haiti, meaning land of mountains in the indigenous Taino language, abolishing slavery and becoming the first black-led republic in the Americas in the process.

Unfortunately, many countries that actually shared Haiti's enlightenment values of freedom and equality failed to support the island's new republic in the years following the revolution, due to a fear of it being a republic led by black citizens rather than a republic that was led by white Europeans.

The Haitian revolution did inspire other enslaved peoples to rise up and revolt in other Caribbean islands such as Jamaica and Barbados, which were British colonies.

This created fear amongst slave owners, especially as the revolts prompted calls for the abolition of the slave trade.

The rebellions had made Europeans realise that Enlightenment ideals of equality and freedom should extend to all people around the world.

The Haitian Revolution and the leadership of Toussaint Louverture would also inspire change locally where Jose Marti, a Cuban who was determined to set Cuban free from Spanish rule, travelled to Haiti a number of times and studied the effects of Haiti's struggle.

This shows how Enlightenment ideas that had started it in Europe in the 1600s did not just have a long-term impact on Europe, but on the rest of the world too.

One final learning check now before our final written task.

Which two of the following statements correctly describe impacts of the Haitian revolution? A, the Haitian Revolution inspired other revolts by enslaved people.

B, the Haitian Revolution inspired campaigns in Europe for the abolition of slavery.

Or C, the Haitian Revolution inspired the American Revolution in 1781.

Pause the video, make your two selections, and return to this video pressing play when you are ready to continue.

Hello again and well done if you correctly identified A and B as direct impacts of the Haitian Revolution.

On the screen, you can now see Haiti's coat of arms used to symbolise important aspects of the country's history.

The small hat at the top is known as a liberty cap.

We could also call it a freedom cap.

I would like you to explain why this might have been included on Haiti's coat of arms, and after you've done that, I'd like you to explain why so many weapons might have been included in the design.

Pause the video and answer these two questions, and then return to the video when you are ready for some model answers.

Welcome back.

Firstly, I asked you to explain why the liberty cap might have been included on Haiti's coat of arms. Well done if your answer looked anything like the following.

The liberty cap was probably included on the Haitian coat of arms because liberty means freedom and this coat of arms was created just after Haiti had gained their freedom from France.

I then asked you to explain why so many weapons might have been included in the design.

Well done if your answer looked anything like this.

A great many weapons were probably included in the design because the freedom that Haiti gained was achieved through fighting.

For example, Toussaint Louverture helped lead the Haitian soldiers in battle against the French army.

Now, it's time for our final task, which involves pulling together all of your learning from throughout this lesson.

I would like you to write a paragraph explaining why Lucas and Laura are both correct.

Lucas says, "The Enlightenment inspired the Haitian Revolution." And Laura says, "The French Revolution inspired the Haitian Revolution." Return to this video to check your answer.

Hello again.

Your paragraph explaining why both Lucas and Laura are correct could have looked something like this.

Lucas and Laura are both correct because the Haitian revolution was inspired by more than one factor.

The Enlightenment was a time in the 1600s and 1700s where ideas of equality and freedom from absolute rule were becoming more popular.

The French Revolution was actually caused by these Enlightenment ideas and these spread across the Atlantic to Haiti where free and enslaved black people demanded the same kinds of freedoms. As a result, they revolted and under the leadership of Toussaint Louverture, Haiti was no longer a French colony and had gained its independence from France.

Well done if managed to include some, most, or all of this information.

And that brings us nicely onto the end of today's lesson where we can summarise what we've learned.

We began by learning that after the French Revolution, a republic was created in France.

We moved on to the idea that European monarchs feared that revolutions could take place in their countries too.

This led to us learning that European monarchs waged war with the new French Republic.

The ideas of liberty and criticism of absolute rule spread across the Atlantic to Haiti.

And finally, other colonies around the Caribbean rose up in revolution inspired by ideas of liberty and freedom.

Thank you.

It's been a real pleasure to guide you through our lesson resources today, and I look forward to seeing you again in the future where we'll be looking at a big overview of the Enlightenment impact on the world.