Hi there, I'm Mr. Roberts and thanks for joining me for today's history lesson where my job will be to guide you through our history resources.

I'll be making sure that by the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to securely meet our lesson objective.

By the end of our lesson today, you'll be able to explain British campaigns for the abolition of slavery and the Haitian Revolution's role in strengthening these movements.

There are four key terms that we need to become familiar with to get the most out of our lesson today.

Habeas corpus is the English law declaring detention or imprisonment as illegal if you have not committed a crime.

A massacre is where many people are killed purposely in a violent manner.

Abolition refers to the outlawing of enslavement by a particular country, and intolerable refers to being unable to bear an experience any longer.

Our lessons today on abolitionist movements in Britain will be in three parts and we'll begin by learning about growing unease in Britain about enslavement.

In 1769, James Somerset, an African man who had been captured, enslaved and transported to America, was brought to England by his owner, Charles Stewart.

In 1771, James Somerset escaped, but was recaptured the following month.

His owner responded by attempting to send James Somerset to Jamaica to work on a slave plantation there, and as he was trying to do this, James Somerset's case was taken up by abolitionist lawyers.

In 1772, the lawyers successfully argued in the Somerset versus Stewart case that on the basis of habeas corpus, the fundamental right in English law protecting people from unlawful imprisonment, James Somerset could not be legally considered enslaved whilst in England because he had committed no crime but warranted being subjected to a state of detention.

Somerset versus Stewart in 1772 therefore confirmed that slavery was illegal in England and Wales.

The judgement sent shockwaves through British society and prompted widespread debate about slavery's morality and legality.

While the judgement did not actually abolish enslavement in the British Empire, it inspired a growth in oppositions the slave trade as people began to examine the institution of slavery more closely, planting the seeds of the abolitionist movement.

Now it's time for a true or false question, just to make sure that we're retaining the information we need to be retaining in order to be able to make the most of the rest of our lesson.

True or false? In 1772, James Somerset was freed based upon the English law of habeas corpus.

Pause the video while you consider the answer and then resume the lesson by pressing play when you come to a decision.

Hello again and well done if you said the answer is true.

Now let's justify that statement.

Is habeas corpus A, the fundamental right in English law preventing people from becoming a prisoner? Or is habeas corpus B, the fundamental right in English law preventing people from unlawful imprisonment? Once again, pause the video while you make a choice and then return to this video when you're ready for me to reveal the correct answer Welcome back, and well done if you identified the correct answer is B, habeas corpus is the fundamental right in English law preventing people from unlawful imprisonment.

In Britain, criticism of the awful conditions for enslaved people during the notorious Middle Passage across the Atlantic increased.

Reports detailed the overcrowded and unsanitary conditions on these vessels where enslaved individuals were crammed into very tight spaces with little room to move.

Disease, malnutrition and abuse were rampant, leading to appalling levels of suffering and death amongst the captive Africans.

As accounts of the horrors aboard the slave ships were shared amongst the British population, public outrage increased, understandably igniting further calls for the abolition of the slave trade.

Activists and religious leaders spoke out against the horrors of the Middle Passage, appealing to the consciences of the British people and calling for an end to the buying and selling of enslaved human beings.

These feelings were further intensified by the shocking story of the Zong massacre coming to the British public's attention.

The Zong, a British slave ship, became infamous for the horrific treatment of its captives in 1781.

In addition to the dire conditions on board, the ship's crew made the barbaric decision to throw over 100 enslaved Africans overboard due to a supposed water shortage on board.

The Zong massacre became a powerful example of the cruelty prevalent in the transatlantic slave trade and acted as a catalyst in cementing widespread public opposition to enslavement.

Now, I would like you to read Aisha's opinion and decide whether her opinion is true or false based on what you've learned so far.

Aisha says, "The Zong massacre became a powerful example of the cruelty of the slave trade and strengthened the British public's opposition to enslavement." Pause the video while you consider whether her opinion is true or false, and then press play when you're ready for the answer to be revealed.

Welcome back and well done if you correctly identified that Aisha's opinion is true.

Now it's time for the first task today that requires a little bit of deeper thinking.

I would like you to arrange the events on the screen into chronological order, starting with the earliest.

Press pause and complete this task and then resume when you are ready to see the correct chronological order.

Welcome back and well done if you were able to arrange the events in the following chronological order.

Firstly, Charles Stewart move to England with an enslaved African man, James Somerset.

Next, James Somerset deserted his master, Charles Stewart.

This was followed by James Somerset living for just over a month as a free man.

Then Charles Stewart recaptured James Somerset and imprisoned him.

Next, James Somerset was transported to Jamaica to work on a plantation.

And this was followed by a court judge ruling that Somerset was illegally detained since he had committed no crime, based on habeas corpus.

Then slavery was declared illegal in England and Wales.

And finally, the Zong massacre occurred and strengthened public opposition.

Well done for efforts with this task.

And that concludes the first part of our lesson today, and it means we can move on to the next phase of our learning where we'll be learning about pressure from abolitionist groups and individuals.

Individuals such as Olauda Equiano, and William Wilberforce campaigned relentlessly for abolition in Britain and it's colonies.

Olauda Equiano was an African writer whose autobiography, detailing his experiences as an enslaved person, played a crucial role in educating the British public about the realities of enslavement.

He had managed to purchase his own freedom after being sold to a number of slave owners.

And his story, along with his public talks, raised awareness and support for the abolitionist cause.

William Wilberforce, a member of Parliament, agreed to lead the official campaign in favour of abolition throughout the whole British empire.

He made his first speech arguing for the end of enslavement in 1789, but it would take nearly 20 years before he would see any real success.

Now it's time for a couple more learning checks before we move on to another written task.

Using your learning so far, answer the following multiple choice question, which two people led the British abolition movement at the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century? A, William Wilberforce, B, Toussaint L'Ouverture, or C, Olaudah Equiano.

Pause the video while you contemplate the correct answers and press play when you are ready for them to be revealed.

Welcome back and well done if you said A and C.

William Wilberforce and Olaudah Equiano led the British abolition movement along with some others towards the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century.

Now, I'd like you to match the key figures of abolition on the left to the correct description on the right.

As ever, press pause and then press play to resume.

Hello again and well done if you identified William Wilberforce as a British member of Parliament and abolitionist, Toussaint L'Ouverture as the leader of the Haitian Revolution and the Olaudah Equiano as a formerly enslaved man who published his autobiography.

All three were key figures in the abolition of enslavement when we considered the global effort to eradicate this inhumane practise.

So now that we're sure of who is who and why they're important, I'd like you to now explain the significance of A, Olaudah Equiano and B, William Wilberforce in the abolitionist movement in Britain.

Press pause while you complete these two tasks and then press play when you are ready for some feedback in the form of a model answer for both A and B when you're done.

Welcome back, I asked you to firstly explain the significance of Olaudah Equiano in the British abolitionist movement.

Well done if your answer looked anything like this.

Olaudah Equiano was an African writer whose autobiography detailing his experiences as an enslaved person played a crucial role in educating the British public about the realities of enslavement.

He had managed to purchase his own freedom after being sold to a number of slave owners and his story, along with his public talks, raised awareness and support for the abolitionist cause.

I then asked you to explain the significance of William Wilberforce in the abolitionist movement in Britain.

Well done if your answer sounded anything like this.

William Wilberforce, a British member of parliament, agreed to lead the official campaign in favour of abolition throughout the whole British empire.

He made his first speech arguing for the end of enslavement in 1789, but it would take nearly 20 years before he would see any real success.

Well done fewer efforts on that task.

And now it's time to move on to the final part of our lesson today where we'll be looking at the complex effect of the Haitian Revolution on Britain and ultimately on abolition.

The Haitian Revolution from 1791 to 1804, the result of a successful revolt of enslaved people against the colony's European elites, led to the establishment of Haiti as an independent nation, governed by now free people of colour.

This instilled fear amongst Britain's slave owners that revolts would spread to their plantations on Jamaica and Barbados.

And this is indeed what happened in 1795 and 1816 respectively.

These revolts convinced the British public that enslaved persons found their lives intolerable and the pressure the abolition movement put on the British government, led by William Wilberforce, culminated in the passing of the Slave Trade Act in 1807.

This essentially abolished the buying and selling of enslaved people within the British Empire.

However, no laws were passed regarding the emancipation or freeing of current enslaved people.

And it took another 26 years of campaigning before the Slavery Abolition Act of 1833 was passed, outlawing the enslavement of human beings throughout the British Empire.

The Haitian Revolution from 1791 to 1804, the result of a successful revolt of enslaved people against the colony's European elites led to the establishment of Haiti as an independent nation, governed by now free people of colour.

This instilled fear amongst Britain slave owners that revolts would spread to their plantations on Jamaica and Barbados.

And this is indeed what happened in 1795 and 1816 respectively.

These revolts convinced the British public that enslaved persons found their lives intolerable.

And the pressure the abolition movement puts on the British government led by William Wilberforce, culminated in the passing of the Slave Trade Act in 1807.

This essentially abolished the buying and selling of enslaved people anywhere within the British Empire.

However, no laws were passed regarding the emancipation or freeing of current enslaved people.

And it took another 26 years of campaigning before the Slavery Abolition Act of 1833 was passed, outlawing the of human beings throughout the British Empire.

With what we've just learned there in mind, which of the below is the correct definition of a situation that is intolerable? A, being unable to bear and experience any longer, or B, being able to continue to bear an experience.

Pause the video while you come to a decision and press play to reveal the answer.

Welcome back and well done if you selected A, intolerable refers to being unable to bear an experience any longer.

Now have a think about the following.

What was the proof for the British public at this time that life for enslaved people was intolerable? A, revolt spreading around European colonies in the Caribbean, or B, the direct experiences that members of the British public had of enslavement.

Once more, pause the video and when you are ready, press play to reveal the answer.

Welcome back, and well done if you selected A, it is true to say the revolts spreading around European colonies in the Caribbean was the proof for the British public that life for enslaved people was intolerable.

Next, I'd like you to complete the two sentences on the screen.

Press pause while you complete this task and press play when you are ready for the answers to be revealed.

Hello again and well done of your sentences sounded like this.

Firstly, revolts in British colonies such as Jamaica and Barbados convinced the British public that enslaved persons found their lives intolerable.

And secondly, the Slave Trade Act of 1807 abolished the buying and selling of enslaved people within the British Empire.

Finally now, I'd like you to complete the following task by answering the questions on the screen.

Number one, what was the effect of the Haitian Revolution on Britain's colonies in the Caribbean? And number two, what was the effect of the Haitian Revolution on the British empire? Press pause and write a paragraph in answer to each question and then press play when you are ready for some feedback in the form of a model answer for each question.

Hello again and well done for all your hard work there.

Firstly, I asked you to write a paragraph to explain the effect of the Haitian Revolution on Britain's colonies in the Caribbean.

Well done if you managed to include any of the following in your answer.

The Haitian Revolution, which lasted from 1791 to 1804, the result of a successful revolt of enslaved people against the colony's European elites led to the establishment of Haiti as an independent nation governed by now free people of colour.

This instilled fear amongst Britain slave owners that revolts would spread to their plantations on Jamaica and Barbados, and this is indeed what happened in 1795 and 1816 respectively.

Next, I asked you to write a paragraph in response to the question, what was the effect of the Haitian Revolution on the British Empire? Well done if your answer sounded anything like this.

The Haitian Revolution and subsequent revolts in Jamaica and Barbados convinced the British public that enslaved persons found their lives intolerable.

This increase in support for the abolition movement put pressure on the British government who passed the Slave Trade Act in 1807.

This abolished the buying and selling of enslaved people within the British Empire.

However, no laws were passed regarding the emancipation of current enslaved people, and it took another 26 years of campaigning before the Slavery Abolition Act of 1833 was passed, outlawing the enslavement of human beings throughout the British Empire.

And that brings us to the end of our lesson today, but all that's left for us today is to summarise the key learning points.

Firstly, we learned that Somerset versus Stewart in 1772 established that slavery went against English law.

People in Britain also began to criticise the conditions on slave transport ships across the Middle Passage.

Next, we learned that the Zong massacre created public outrage in Britain at the conditions in which enslaved people were kept.

As a result, groups and individuals, such as Olaudah Equiano and William Wilberforce, worked for the abolition of enslavement throughout the British Empire.

Finally, we learned about how the Haitian Revolution created fear among British plantation owners about similar uprisings across the Caribbean, and further intensified public opinion in Britain against enslavement.

Thanks once again for joining me today and for all your hard work throughout this lesson.

It's been a real pleasure to guide you through our history resources, and I very much look forward to seeing you again as we continue with our study of the abolition of the slave trade and the Haitian Revolution's role within that story.