Hi there, I'm Mr. Roberts, and thanks for joining me for today's history lesson, where my job will be to guide you through our history resources.

I'll be making sure that by the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to securely meet our lesson objective.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to securely explain the extent of the role of the Haitian Revolution in the abolition of the slave trade around the world.

There are three key words which we need to make sure we're comfortable with before embarking on our learning journey today.

Independent refers to something or someone who has the power and ability to make their own decisions and is not controlled by others.

Abolition is the legal outlawing of enslavement in a nation or empire.

And emancipation refers to the freeing of enslaved people through abolition.

Our lesson on the role of the Haitian Revolution in the abolition of the slave trade today is separated into three learning phases, and the first one is dedicated to examining the Haitian Revolution's effect on abolition in Britain.

The Haitian Revolution, which lasted from 1791 to 1804, was the result of a successful revolt of enslaved and oppressed free people against the French elites who ruled over the colony of Saint-Domingue.

This led to the establishment of the new Haiti as an independent nation governed by now free people of colour.

This instilled fear amongst Britain's slave-owning class that revolts could spread to their large plantations in Jamaica and Barbados, which would be hugely economically damaging.

Now let's make sure we've secured some key information we've just heard.

What was the name of the new independent nation established following the Haitian Revolution? A, Saint-Domingue.

B, Haiti.

Or C, the Caribbean.

Pause the video while you decide on the answer, and then press play when you are ready to resume.

Welcome back.

Well done if you said B.

Haiti was the name of the new independent nation established following the Haitian Revolution.

In 1798, the British Army failed to capture the French colony and reinstate slavery.

These revolts, which spread outwards from Haiti, convinced the British public that enslaved people found their lives intolerable.

Additionally, the pressure that the abolition movement led by William Wilberforce put on the British government culminated in the passing of the Slave Trade Act in 1807.

This essentially abolished the buying, selling, and transporting of enslaved people across the British Empire.

However, no laws were passed regarding the emancipation of currently enslaved people.

It took another 26 years before the Slavery Abolition Act of 1833 was passed, outlawing the enslavement of human beings throughout the British Empire.

After that, enslaved people could no longer be bought, sold, or transported within the British Empire.

The Royal Navy was used by Britain to police the Atlantic, freeing captured enslaved people and either returning them to their country of origin or taking them to a safe colony within the British Empire.

In 1798, the British Army failed to capture Saint-Domingue and reinstate slavery.

Slave revolts that spread outwards from Haiti convinced the British public that enslaved people found their lives intolerable.

Additionally, the pressure the abolition movement puts on the British government led by William Wilberforce culminated in the passing of the Slave Trade Act in 1807.

This essentially abolished the buying and selling of enslaved people within the British Empire.

But before we move on again, let's just check the following.

Who led the abolition movement in parliament? A, Toussaint L'Ouverture.

B, Jean-Jacques Dessalines.

Or C, William Wilberforce.

Pause the video while you decide on the correct answer, and then press play when you are ready for the answer to be revealed.

Welcome back, and well done if you identified the correct answer as C.

William Wilberforce.

He was the person who led the abolition movement in parliament.

However, despite the Slave Trade Act of 1807, no laws were passed regarding the emancipation of currently enslaved people.

It took another 26 years before the Slavery Abolition Act of 1833 was passed, outlawing the enslavement of human beings throughout the British Empire.

After that, enslaved people could no longer be bought, transported, or sold within the empire.

The Royal Navy was used by Britain to police the Atlantic, freeing captured enslaved people and either returning them to their country of origin or taking them to a safe colony within the British Empire.

It could therefore be argued that the Haitian Revolution strengthened the calls for abolition within Britain, which ultimately led to abolition throughout Britain's colonies.

Now I'd like you to decide based on your learning so far, which of the two opinions on the screen is the accurate one? Opinion A reads, "The Haitian Revolution weakened calls for abolition within Britain, and it became clear to the British parliament that they had to continue with the slave trade." And opinion B reads, "The Haitian Revolution strengthened calls for abolition within Britain that would ultimately lead to abolition throughout Britain's colonies.

Pause the video while you decide which opinion is the accurate one, and then press play when you are ready for me to reveal the answer.

Welcome back, and well done if you said that the correct opinion based on what we've learned so far is opinion B.

It's true to say that the Haitian Revolution strengthened calls for abolition within Britain that would ultimately lead to abolition throughout Britain's colonies.

Next, I'd like you to complete the sentences on the screen using what you've learned so far.

Pause the video while you complete this task, and then press play when you are ready for feedback in the form of three model sentences.

Welcome back, and well done if you manage to include any of the following.

Firstly, the Haitian Revolution was a success for the Haitian rebels because the rebels secured their emancipation through fighting the French first and then the British.

As a result, abolition of enslavement was declared in the newly independent Haiti.

Secondly, British elites were worried about the spread of slave revolts, because if slave revolts were to spread to their large plantations in places like Jamaica and Barbados, it would be hugely damaging economically for Britain and would prove to the public that enslaved people under British rule found their lives intolerable.

And finally, the Slave Trade Act of 1807 ensured that enslaved people could no longer be bought, transported, or sold within the bounds of the British Empire.

As a result, the Royal Navy was used by Britain to police the Atlantic, freeing captured enslaved people and either returning them to their country of origin or taking them to a safe colony within the British Empire.

Well done for your hard work there.

And now it's time to move on to the second learning phase of our lesson today, where we'll be examining the effect of the Haitian Revolution on abolition in France.

France initially opposed the Haitian Revolution, with it being the most economically important colony within the French Empire throughout the 18th century.

However, as the Haitian Revolution gained momentum, and France struggled to put it down, the revolutionary government in France came to realise that French revolutionary ideals of equality and freedom applied to all humans, not just white Europeans.

They therefore took the decision to abolish slavery in 1794, and Haiti continued as a French colony of free individuals under the leadership of Toussaint L'Ouverture.

However, the situation changed when Napoleon seized power in France in 1799.

Three years later, in 1802, he looked to reassert French control over its imperial territories, and to reestablish slavery due to the fact France was struggling economically.

Napoleon failed to recapture Haiti due to the fighting spirits of the rebels, and Haiti achieved its formal independence from France in 1804.

Now I'd very quickly like you to consider the answer to the following question.

Why did the situation in Haiti change after 1802? Pause the video while you consider the answer, and then press play where I'll reveal the detail.

Welcome back.

Well done if you considered the following reasoning.

The situation changed because Napoleon had seized power in France, and he looked to reassert French control over its imperial territories, and reestablished slavery because France was struggling economically.

It could therefore be argued that the Haitian Revolution quickly led to the abolition of enslavement throughout France's colonies, but Napoleon overturned this decision soon afterwards.

Slavery was not formally abolished again throughout France's colonies until 1848.

Therefore, the impact of the Haitian Revolution on abolition in France was significant at first, but its impact was greatly reduced by Napoleon.

Once again, I'd like you to decide on which of the two opinions on the screen is accurate.

Opinion A reads, "The Haitian Revolution weakened the case for abolition in France, and it became clear to the revolutionary governments in France that they had to continue with the slave trade." And opinion B reads, "The Haitian Revolution strengthened the case for abolition in France, and would ultimately lead to abolition throughout France's colonies until Napoleon reinstated it in 1802.

Pause the video while you come to a decision on which opinion is correct, and press play when you are ready to continue.

Welcome back, and well done if you selected B as the correct opinion.

It's true to say that the Haitian Revolution strengthened the case for abolition in France, and would ultimately lead to abolition throughout France's colonies until Napoleon reinstated it in 1802.

I'd now like you to read the two sentences on the screen and complete them both by using the same word twice.

Pause the video while you work out the correct word, and then press play to check your answer.

Welcome back, and well done if you correctly identified the missing word in both sentences as colonies.

The sentences read as follows.

Firstly, "The Haitian Revolution quickly led to the abolition of enslavement throughout France's colonies, but Napoleon overturned this decision soon afterwards." And secondly, "The impact of the Haitian Revolution on abolition in France was mixed because slavery was not formally abolished again throughout France's colonies until 1848.

Now I'd like you to have a look at Sam's statement.

Sam says, "The Haitian Revolution had a positive impact on abolition in Britain, but had a mixed impact on abolition in France.

Pause the video and explain why Sam is correct using what you've learned so far.

Press play when you are ready for some feedback in the form of a model answer.

Welcome back.

I asked you to explain why Sam is correct using what you've learned so far.

Well done if you managed to include any of the following in your answer.

Sam is correct because the Haitian Revolution proved to the British public that enslaved people found their lives intolerable.

This intensified calls for abolition within Britain, which subsequently led to parliament passing the 1807 Slave Trade Act.

In comparison, France were quicker than Britain to respond to the Haitian Revolution by abolishing slavery in 1794.

However, Napoleon reinstated enslavement to try and improve France's struggling economy in 1802, demonstrating the revolution's mixed impact.

Well done on completing that task.

And now it's time for the final part of our lesson today, but we'll be looking at the extent of the Haitian Revolution's impact on the United States of America.

The United States of America's response to the Haitian Revolution was varied.

Initially, the American government did not officially support the Haitian Revolution due to concerns about the potential spread of slave revolts to the plantations of America's southern states.

US President George Washington himself, a revolutionary, who fought for American independence from Britain, did not support the Haitian Revolution.

This was partly because he personally owned over 100 enslaved individuals, and he considered the revolution to be a threat to the US economy.

I would like you now, before we move on, to consider how you might answer the following question.

Why did US President George Washington not support the Haitian Revolution? Pause the video while you consider how it might be answered, and then press play for some detail to be revealed.

Welcome back, and well done if you considered the following.

Washington personally owned over 100 enslaved individuals, and he considered the revolution to be a threat to the US economy, and so did not want a potential spread of slave revolts to the plantations of America's southern states.

However, there was some support for Haitian independence from certain American leaders, such as Thomas Jefferson, who expressed support for the Revolution's goals of freedom and independence.

USA did not formally recognise Haiti until 1862, over 50 years after it had become independent from France.

In the following year, US President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which began the process of abolition in the US.

Then in 1865, the American government passed the 30th amendment to the US Constitution, which formally ended slavery in America.

It could therefore be argued that the Haitian Revolution potentially caused a hardening of attitudes towards enslavement in the first instance on the part of the US government, who refused to work with a Black-led republic whose commitment to ending enslavement was seen as out of step with the US society and economy at the time.

A familiar learning check again now.

Once again, I'd like you to select the opinion on the screen that's the correct one.

Opinion A says, "The Haitian Revolution had little effect because the US economy relied heavily on enslavement, and they continued with the slave trade for over half a century after the Haitian Revolution." And opinion B says, "The Haitian Revolution led directly to the abolition of enslavement in the USA.

Haiti was a neighbour of the US and was run by free people of colour, convincing everyone in America that enslavement was wrong.

Pause this video while you make a decision, and then resume when you are ready to proceed.

Hello again, and well done if you correctly identified opinion A as the correct one.

It's true to say that the Haitian Revolution had little effect on abolition in the USA, because the US economy relied heavily on enslavement and they continued with the slave trade for over half a century after the Haitian Revolution.

Now answer the following question.

True or false? The Haitian Revolution was welcomed by the USA.

Pause the video while you consider the answer and press play when you are ready to continue.

Welcome back.

Well done if you said the statement was false.

Now I'd like you to decide whether the Haitian Revolution hardened the US government's attitude towards slavery as they refused to work with the independent Haiti or whether the Haitian Revolution hardened the US government's attitude towards slavery but they agreed to work with independent Haiti.

As ever, pause the video and press play when you've made your decision.

Hello again, and well done if you selected option A.

It is true to say that the Haitian Revolution hardened the US government's attitude towards slavery as they refuse to work with an independent Haiti.

As a final learning check before our final written task, I'd now like you to match the countries listed on the left with the statements on the right, thinking about the extent of the impact that the Haitian Revolution had on abolition in these countries.

Pause the video while you do this, and then come back to continue the lesson when you're done.

Welcome back.

And well done if you correctly identified Britain with option three, France with option one, and the USA with option two.

Finally, I'd like you to answer the following three questions in as much detail as you can.

Pause the video while you do this using your learning today, and then press play when you are ready for some feedback in the form of a model answer for each question.

Welcome back.

Firstly, I asked you the following question.

How significant was the Haitian Revolution on Britain's journey towards abolition and why? Well done if you managed to include any of the following in your answer.

The Haitian Revolution proved to the British public that enslaved people found their lives intolerable and increased public pressure on parliament.

This intensified calls for abolition within Britain, which was a process that subsequently led to MP William Wilberforce persuading parliament to pass the 1807 Slave Trade Act.

Secondly, I asked you the question, how significant was the Haitian Revolution on France's attitude to enslavement? Well done if your answer to this question looked anything like this.

The Haitian Revolution initially had a dramatic impact on abolition in France.

France struggled to put down the rebellion.

And in 1794, they made the decision to abolish slavery throughout the French Empire, in line with their revolutionary values of freedom and equality.

However, the revolution's impact was limited on French abolition because Napoleon reinstated slavery for economic reasons in 1802, and it was not until 1848 that slavery was formally abolished again throughout France's colonies.

And finally, I asked you the following question.

Why would most people argue that the Haitian Revolution actually hardened the attitudes towards enslavement in the USA? Well done if your answer sounded anything like the following.

The Haitian Revolution had little impact on abolition in the USA, and likely hardened attitudes towards enslavement because the US economy relied heavily on plantations in the southern states, and some politicians such as President George Washington had personal financial interest in slavery.

Therefore, the government ignored calls for abolition for fear of the revolution inspiring slave revolts on the southern plantations.

Hardened attitudes can also be seen through the US not issuing the Emancipation Proclamation until over 50 years after the Haitian Revolution.

Really well done today.

With that task finished, we've arrived at the end of our lesson.

The following is a summary of our key learning points, and it'd be great if you could remember these going forward.

The Haitian Revolution was a successful slave revolt, and Britain feared this would inspire more.

And as a result, they tried to reinstate slavery there.

This strengthened the abolition movement in Britain, resulting in the 1807 Slave Trade Act.

France initially opposed the Haitian Revolution, but eventually abolished slavery in 1794.

However, economic problems in France led to Napoleon reinstating slavery in 1802.

Therefore, the revolution's impact in France was mixed.

The Haitian Revolution hardened US attitudes towards slavery because of its economic reliance on the system.

Thanks so much for joining me for our lesson today.

It's been a real pleasure to guide you through our history learning resources, and I very much look forward to seeing you again in future lessons.