Hello, my name's Mr. Williams and I'm going to be a history teacher for today.

This is the third lesson in a unit which explores the changing role of women from the mediaeval period to the 20th century.

In today's lesson, my role is to help you meet the learning objective.

I'm really looking forward to teaching you, so let's get started.

In today's lesson, we're going to be explaining the impact of the Industrial Revolution on the role of women in society.

There are four keywords that are essential to understanding today's lesson.

They are, the Industrial Revolution, middle class, working class, and legislation.

The Industrial Revolution was a period of great change during which improvements in technology changed how people lived and worked.

In this context, the term middle class is used to describe people who earn a living from professional jobs that require an education.

In this context, the term working class is used to describe people who earn a living from carrying out manual labour, for example, in factories.

And a law or set of laws passed by parliament is known as legislation.

Our lesson today will be split into three parts, and in the first part we're going to examine how the Industrial Revolution changed the way that people lived and worked in the period 1750 to 1900.

During the Industrial Revolution which took place in Britain between 1750 and 1900, advancements in technology transformed the way in which goods were made.

Goods that had previously been made at home were now produced more quickly and cheaply in factories, and there was a huge increase in the use of machinery in industries like textiles and coal mining.

The Industrial Revolution changed the way that people lived and worked forever, and these changes had a particularly significant impact on women.

Since the mediaeval period, the home had been the centre of work for most women.

This allowed women to combine work with other responsibilities such as housework and looking after children.

The Industrial Revolution led to the creation of new, better paid jobs, but they could only be done in factories away from the home.

As a result, women faced a difficult choice.

They could either remain in the home doing whatever low paid work they could find, or they could seek out higher paid work in factories and mines, which was almost impossible to combine with looking after the home and family.

For those women who left the home to find work, one of the main places they found employment was in the textile industry.

Work in the textile industry was difficult and women worked very long hours in unpleasant, often dangerous conditions.

Many textile factory owners wanted to employ women 'cause they were thought to be better at tasks like entangling thread, which required delicate, nimble fingers.

Women could also be paid far less than men, even if they did the same jobs, because it was thought that men worked harder and because men were considered to be the main provider for their family.

Let's take a moment now to check your understanding.

At the bottom of the screen, there is a paragraph which a student has completed incorrectly.

Three words need to be rearranged.

What I want you to do now is to write out the paragraph so it's correct.

Pause the video and press play when you're ready to see the corrected paragraph.

Okay, well done.

The corrected paragraph should read, "During the Industrial Revolution, the home stop being the centre of work for many people.

This was because improvements in technology meant that goods could be made more quickly and cheaply in factories." Well done if you got this correct.

Let's have a go at this next task.

Why did many women seek out work in textile factories? Was it because A, the conditions were healthy and safe? B, they were paid the same amount as men, or C, the pay was higher than for work they could do at home.

Pause the video now and press play when you're ready to see the correct answer.

Okay, well done to everyone who said the correct answer was C.

Typically women could earn more money working in textile factories than they could earn at home.

Before we attempt our first practise task, let's do one final check for understanding for this first section of our lesson.

There is a statement on the screen that says, "Some women found it's increasingly difficult to combine paid work and childcare." Is this true or false? Pause the video now and press play when you're ready to see the correct answer.

Okay, well done to everyone who said the correct answer was true.

Women did find it increasingly difficult to combine paid work and childcare during the Industrial Revolution.

But we need to be able to justify our answers.

Two justifications have appeared on the screen.

The first says, "Women had too many children to look after to complete any paid work." And the second says, "Some women had to leave the home to find paid work in factories." Which of these justifications shows that our original statement was true? Pause the video here and press play when you're ready to see the correct answer.

Okay, well done to everyone who said that B was the correct justification.

During the Industrial Revolution, many women who had to work faced a difficult choice.

They could either remain at home doing whatever low paid work they could find or they could leave the home to find better paid work, and face the challenge of combining this work with looking after their children.

We are now ready to apply our knowledge and understanding from this first section of our lesson, the Industrial Revolution created both opportunities and challenges for women.

On the screen there are two points.

The first says, "The Industrial Revolution created new opportunities for women." And the second says, "The Industrial Revolution created new challenges for women." What I want you to see now is to use what you've learned so far to support these points with examples.

Pause the video now and press play when you're ready to compare what you've written with an example answer.

So you were asked to support the points with examples and your answers may have included the following, "The Industrial Revolution created new opportunities for women.

For example, some women found higher paid work in textile factories." "The Industrial Revolution created new challenges for women.

For example, women who left the home to find higher paid work found it difficult to combine this work with childcare." Well done for your hard work on our first practise task.

We are now ready to move on to the next part of our lesson.

In this next part of our lesson, we're going to explore what people in the period 1750 to 1900 believed about the role that women should play in society.

Whether a woman worked during the period 1750 to 1900 largely depended on her social class.

Upper class women were wealthy enough that they did not need to work, whereas working class women had to work to support their families.

In addition, the rapid growth of industry, trade and empire led to the expansion of the middle class.

Middle class men were expected to earn enough money to keep their wife and children in comfort.

In return, their wives were expected to be like an angel in the home and devote their time and energy to looking after their husband and family.

This idea that wives should be servants to their husbands and sacrifice themselves for their families was supported by the teachings of the church and helped ensure that husbands continued to exercise huge power over their wives throughout this period.

Religion was one of the factors that motivated the politician and reformer, Lord Shaftesbury, who campaigned to limit women's work in factories and mines.

Lord Shaftesbury was partly motivated by his horror at the appalling conditions in which women worked, but, like many men in the 19th century, he was also driven by a belief that a woman's place was in the home and he viewed the large number of working women as a threat to family life.

It's time to check your understanding now.

On the screen there is a paragraph with some of the words missing.

I want you to complete the paragraph by adding the relevant words.

Pause the video now and press play when you're ready to compare what you've done to a completed example.

The completed paragraph should read, "Many men expected women to be like an angel in the home and focus on housework and looking after children.

This was particularly true in middle class families because the husband earned enough money so that the wife did not have to work.

Working class women often needed to work to support their family." Well done if you got that correct.

Let's try another task.

Of the statements about Lord Shaftesbury on the screen, which two are correct? Pause the video now and press play when you're ready to see the correct answers.

Okay, well done if you selected statements B and D, Lord Shaftesbury campaigned tirelessly to improve working conditions during the Industrial Revolution.

He was partly motivated by a desire to improve the lives of working people, particularly women and children, but he also believed that a woman's place was in the home and therefore he wanted to limit the hours that women were able to work.

Your second task of this lesson is an opportunity for you to apply your knowledge and understanding.

Andeep has made an incorrect statement about the period 1750 to 1900.

He said, "During the period 1750 to 1900, most men supported the increase in the number of women working outside the home." This is incorrect.

I want you to explain why Andeep's statement is incorrect using what you've learned so far, you should use the term angel in the home and support your explanation with an example.

Pause the video now and press play when you're ready to reflect on what you've written and compare your answer to a model answer.

Well done for all your hard work on that task, you were asked to explain why Andeep's statement was incorrect.

Your answer may have included, "Andeep's statement is incorrect because many people, particularly upper and middle class men believed that women should be the angel in the home and focus on supporting their husband and looking after their children instead of working.

For example, Lord Shaftesbury campaigned for legislation that reduced the number of hours that women were able to work in factories, largely based on this belief." We are now ready to move on to the third and final part of today's lesson.

We're going to finish by finding out about some of the new opportunities for women that emerged during the Industrial Revolution.

As a result of campaigning by Lord Shaftesbury and his supporters, legislation was passed to limit the amount that women could work in certain jobs.

For example, the 1867 Factory Act prevented women from working more than 10 hours a day in any place which employed more than 50 people.

Legislation such as this prevented women from working on equal terms with men, limited opportunities for women, and led to a clearer division between work considered suitable for women, which was mostly home-based and low paid, and work considered appropriate for men, which was typically better paid and away from the home.

Although women face restrictions working in industry, opportunities began to develop during the later 19th century for educated women to work in certain professions considered suitable for women such as teaching and nursing.

A rapidly rising population and the 1870 Education Act, which made education compulsory for all children until the age of 10, led to an increasing demand for teachers.

By 1900, three quarters of all teachers were women.

However, women were excluded from the most senior roles within the profession, such as school inspectors, they were paid less than their male colleagues and they were expected to resign when they married.

Another profession which provided opportunities for some women was nursing.

After finding fame as a nurse during the Crimean War of 1853 to '56, Florence Nightingale established the Nightingale School of Nursing, and by 1900 there were over 60,000 trained nurses working in British hospitals.

Nursing, like teaching, became viewed as women's work and similar to teachers, nurses were expected to give up their job when they married.

Finally, in addition to teaching and nursing, women increasingly found employment working in shops or doing clerical work.

Working in shops was considered to be suitable work for women and it was relatively well paid, although the hours were often very long.

Clerical work was dominated by men until the 1870s when the invention of the typewriter saw many men replaced by women, who could be paid less.

By the end of the 19th century, clerical work, like teaching and nursing was considered to be a predominantly female occupation.

Despite this, male clerks were paid up to twice the amount of their female colleagues and women were also expected to resign when they married.

Let's check your understanding now.

Which two of the statements on the screen were consequences of the 1867 Factory Act? Pause the video now, and press play when you're ready to find out the correct answers.

Well done if you identified that the correct answers were B and C, the 1867 Factory Act is an example of legislation that was introduced in the 19th century to limit the hours that women could work.

Such laws prevented women from competing on equal terms with men and increase the divide between the work considered suitable for men and women.

Let's try this next task.

Of the jobs on the screen, which two were considered suitable work for women by 1900? Pause the video now and press play when you're ready to find out the correct answers.

Well done if you identified that the correct statements were C and D.

By 1900 new opportunities had developed for women including in teaching and nursing, but many jobs were considered unsuitable for women.

Let's attempt one final task to check our understanding.

There is a statement on the screen that says, "By 1900, there were more opportunities for women to work as teachers." Is this true or false? Pause the video now and press play when you're ready to see the correct answer.

Okay, well done to everyone who said the correct answer is true.

As developing historians, you'll know by now that we always need to be able to justify our answers.

Two justifications have appeared on the screen.

The first says, "Teaching was the only job that women were allowed to do," and the second says, "The 1870 Education Act combined with a rising population meant that more teachers were needed." Which of those justifications shows us that our original statement was true? Pause the video now and press play when you're ready to see the correct answer.

Okay, well done to everyone who said that B was the correct justification.

Teaching was one of the jobs considered suitable for women, but it was not the only job that women could do.

By 1900, the introduction of compulsory basic education through the 1870 Education Act, combined with a rising population, meant that there was a greater demand for teachers and therefore more opportunities for women.

It's time to apply our knowledge and understanding by completing a final practise task.

Aisha has come to a judgement about the Industrial Revolution and the impact it had on the role of women.

Aisha claims, "By 1900, as a result of the Industrial Revolution, opportunities for women to work outside the home had increased." I want you to answer the question, to what extent do you agree with Aisha? This is another way of saying how much do you agree with Aisha? Answer the question in a balanced way.

You should try and use the following phrases, on one hand, opportunities for women to work outside the home increased, on the other hand.

Pause the video now and press play when you're ready to reflect on your response and compare it with a model answer.

Great effort on that final task, well done.

You were asked to consider Aisha's judgement about an impact of the Industrial Revolution and write about the extent to which you agreed with her.

You may have written something like this.

"On one hand, opportunities for women to work outside the home increased as a result of the Industrial Revolution.

Despite the challenges, some women worked in industry, for example, in textile factories.

In addition, by 1900 women had new opportunities to work in professions such as teaching and nursing.

On the other hand, opportunities for women to work outside the home were restricted.

For example, legislation was passed in the mid-19th century to limit the number of hours they could work.

In addition, women were expected to give up paid work outside the home as soon as they got married." We're at the end of our lesson now, so it's a good opportunity to reflect on the main things we've learned.

"The Industrial Revolution meant that most paid work took place outside the home and this made it more difficult for many women to combine work and childcare." "Many women, especially those from middle class families, were expected to be the angel in the home and focused their time and energy on housework and childcare." "Legislation, which limited the amount of work women could do in certain jobs led to a sharper divide between work considered suitable for men and women." "By 1900, the growth of professions such as teaching and nursing had created new opportunities to work for some women." I hope you enjoyed the lesson today.

It's been a pleasure to teach you and I look forward to seeing you again soon.