Lesson video

Okay, how nice to see you yet again.

This is the Oak National Academy, Latin course.

My name is Mr. Furber.

Now let me just remind you what the, how the unit structure works.

There's a grammar lesson at the beginning of the unit.

And then for every grammar lesson, there's at least one translation lesson.

But there's no new grammar, instead we just practise what we've done.

We do that by reading in these early units, a fable adapted by Aesop or by the Latin fable writer, Phaedrus.

Now in the last translation lesson, we did one about a camel falling into a river.

And this one is about a tiger queen, hmm.

Okay, let's have a look.

Practise translation, The Tiger Queen, ooh.

Which you'll remember, means learning objectives in Latin, are as follows.

Can I translate fluently a Latin passage containing nominatives and accusatives? I should say, can I still, yeah.

And have I consolidated core vocabulary? Press pause, if you need to get the following items in order to do today's lesson.

Thank you, well done, to the students who have come prepared, delightful.

Right, you will remember that what comes now is vocab practise.

So, I'm about to show you the 14, in fact it's not 14 this time, it's 12.

The 12 most frequent or most difficult words that you will need to have at your fingertips.

You need to know as many as possible.

If not, in fact, the expectation is that you'll know all of them for when you, don't worry, you'll be fine, for when you translate today's passage independently.

All right and those 14 words are these ones.

Now, we're going to have a close up look at these three.

These are words that you either, maybe have seen briefly or indeed in the case of and you won't have seen before at all.

A , now derivation.

What's a derivation? You'll remember that about 60% of English words come from Latin.

Therefore in order to learn Latin words, it can be useful to look at some of those 60%.

So words that have come from that Latin word that are still knocking around in English, right.

So it's kind of like the echo of the Latin word that's still there in English.

Now, is where we get the English word beast.

You just change, it's nothing to do with being a bestie or anything hilarious like that, right.

You just put an A there and get rid of the, take the A off the end and put it in there between the E and the S, right, get rid of the I.

You get beast.

All right, is an animal.

All right, so it doesn't, if you translate it as beast, that's tolerable, but animal.

You think, oh, that's a beast.

And then you make one leap down to the translation.

The derivation, more often than not, the derivation isn't the same as the translation, so make sure you distinguish between those two things, A , this is a classic example.

Okay, because you may have heard of the adjective simian, all right, which has to do with monkeys.

But doesn't mean simian.

You think.

Okay, if something's a simian, that means it's to do with a monkey, in the same way like goes to canine and that's to do with dogs, right.

Monkey.

And then, our third one is which we looked at in the previous lesson, previous translation lesson.

But let's look at it again.

There's no derivations in English, it's a three letter word in Latin.

It's a three letter word in English.

Is but.

You do that with me, but, but, okay.

Don't confuse it, for goodness sake, with.

Down there, which means, I sit down.

That's a verb for goodness sake.

Okay, but.

All right, now, vocab practise.

What you do now is, without panicking at all, you just pause the video after I finish speaking.

You just read these words once over.

And if there's some that you just familiarise yourself with them, if there's some that you don't remember immediately, that's what we're here for.

Don't worry about it, okay.

So pressing pause, give them a read once through in three, two, you should take about a minute, in three, two and off you go.

Okay, hands completely free because we're going to ask you some quiz questions And , what's the difference? Good, a is not a beast.

Animal.

Is a monkey.

Means what? In three, two, it means, but, thank you.

Now, is a tough verb.

Now point at the right answer in three, two.

So is he or she praises.

You're going to see it and think, and you can link it in your head if you want to, to applaud.

But it doesn't necessarily mean applaud.

If you applaud someone, that means you're praising them.

You're saying, well done, all right.

Okay, so.

He or she praises, not he or she applauds.

You can think of that loud in applaud, in order to make it link, okay, to the translation, which is he or she praises.

Means what? In three, point at the right answer, two and you might think it means ask as in, if you inquire, that's a false friend.

Is he are she says.

Exit does exit mean exit? Nodding heads or shaking heads, nodding or shaking heads, nodding heads or shaking heads? Does exit mean exit, it's shaking heads.

All right, what does exit mean? It's a verb, it means he or she, tell me, good, he or she goes out, right.

So we see the link here.

Doesn't mean exit, it means if you exit, that means you go out.

Exit means he or she goes out.

What's the difference between and ? Now, getting tricky.

Okay, answers here, three, two they'll and now, is to do a consuming something because you eat.

We know praises, we just looked at that, okay.

And is he or she delights.

Good.

And what's the difference? Three, two and oh, both, oh, there we go.

Great, fantastic.

So look, doesn't mean asks.

It's not linked, I mean, it's not inquire, okay.

He or she asks.

Is he or she says.

And let's translate it as replies.

You might want to translate it as responds, go for replies.

Right, means? Is it, there is a three letter word in English means two, one, but, cool.

Can you do it with and bring me in, do it with the action? Means.

It means.

Without me means.

Good, we're going to come back to it in a few, see if it's still there.

What's the difference between and ? Do we still remember ? Answers in three, two, one.

What's the opposite of ? If means something, what's the opposite of that? In three, two and it'd be exit.

Means to enter.

So you change the I to an E.

He or she enters.

So exit, he or she goes out.

Enters, goes out.

Now, this is where I come in.

We're going to do some miming to each other.

I'll start off by miming to you, one of these words here.

Right and you're going to tell me what that Latin word is.

We'll start easy, okay.

Let's go, first one.

What's he doing? Is which of these words? In, point at it, in three, two, one.

Whoop, it's going to be meaning he or she eats.

Okay, what about this one? What's that? That's going to be pointing at it, that's going to be.

Woo, ah, it's going to be meaning but, is, but.

Okay, right, so the next thing I'm going to mime to you is, ugh, I can't be bothered.

Right, I'm out of here, no, I'm finished.

I was just joking.

Which verb was that out these ones? Point it out in three, two, that was exit.

I went out, didn't I? He or she goes out, okay.

What, now pull a face at me.

Pull a face.

It's going to go the other way.

Show me a face in three, two, one, it's going to be.

It's going to be happy, good.

What about, what word mean? That would be the something.

It would be the happy monkey, lovely.

Okay, now I'm going to mime something to you, but it's not going to be what you think it is.

I'm going to go do this mime here.

Now it doesn't mean applauds, however.

Point at the verb that I'm miming in two, one.

It's going to be, thank you,.

Now, it doesn't mean he or she applauds.

It means he or she, tells me, tell me, he or she praises, good.

Okay, now, let's have a look.

Let's do.

Or in fact, correct Latin order would be, Okay, one more time in three, two, one, translation would be the happy monkey leaves.

Let's do.

One more time.

Will mean in, three, two, one.

So we start off with but the, now we go down to the happy monkey praises down there.

Okay, great, one more time.

Mime to me.

In three, two, one.

It's going to be it's going to be eat.

Mime to me in two, one, it'll be but.

And then, don't actually, please, don't actually, please, don't exit please.

Please, don't exit.

Does it mean exit? It means, three, two, mime it.

And it means, no, come back, come back, come back for goodness sake.

You've got to do the quiz, you got to do the quiz.

Okay, fine, so we're ready.

Okay, one to 12 down the margin.

You don't need to copy the actual Latin words, if you don't want to.

But it will help you to look words up if you forget them, when you get to translation.

What do those 12 words mean there? Off you go.

Okay, different colour pen.

Let's see how we did.

Correcting your answers there, the right answers there.

Did we do extremely well? Of course you did, for goodness sake.

Right, now we switched to hands completely free because it's time for us to look at the context of our story.

Okay, so this fable is about the tiger queen.

Now, the animal species, okay, if they look like what they are in English, then I'm not going to, you'll remember the words are, the underlined words are given to you in the an additional vocab box.

Okay, but because looks like tiger, it's easy to learn.

I'm not going to be underlining that.

So you need to know that means tiger.

Now this word here, doesn't come up in the actual translation that you're doing, but it's worth knowing because is a, look, it's what she is.

She's the.

She's the tiger queen.

You will see this where later things like regal, reign, okay, come from meaning a queen.

Now, this tiger likes to ask one particularly difficult question to the animals in her kingdom.

Okay and she's going to be asking the question to a.

We know what that is, it's a monkey, but he's also.

He's.

A clever monkey, focus on the C and the L.

Again, you won't be translating this adjective in the actual passage, but you need to know what these characters are all about.

So you've got a tiger queen, okay, who asks one particularly, she always asks the same unanswerable questions, to all her subjects.

But you've also got a a clever monkey, who's going to try and come up with a new or interesting or different answer to that question.

As always and as I mentioned in the intro, these fables were, we don't know whether they were written by Aesop, we don't know much about the actual life of Aesop, right.

But we do know that this particular one I've taken from the fables of a Latin fable writer called Phaedrus, okay.

One more time, Aesop, Phaedrus.

Is the tiger queen.

And mime to me, what, you now, mime to me.

What's the deal with this monkey? What's his quality, he is? Thank you, he's clever.

And then, what's up with a tiger, what's her quality? You can read it there, but she's the? Thank you, she's the queen, isn't she? Hmm, right.

So this is the paragraph that you will be translating in no time.

Before I, before you, I let you get on with this.

All right, actually, we're going to just remind ourselves how to translate certain different types of sentences.

The first thing we're going to look at is a sentence, now, it's not going to be the exact same one, all right, because that would just be me doing it for you.

But one that looks like.

And here it is here.

Now someone's had a go already, but they've made a mistake.

But I don't know, it could be anywhere where that mistake is.

Ooh, is it there? Okay, so in fair stead, I'm going to give you 10 seconds to figure out where this person went wrong.

Starting now.

Two, one, and let's have a look.

So, you'll remember that for step one, we just look at the word beginnings.

We've got a word for queen, we've got word for happy.

We've got word for is, so that's fine.

Now I actually, look, word endings, oh, dear.

What this person's done is they've gone, look, Latin's easy, Latin's easy.

You get three word sentences, yeah and it's just nominative, accusative, verb.

It's always just the same.

No, it isn't, there's a second structure.

There's a second type of sentence you'll be seeing at this stage, which is one where you've got, not two nouns and a verb at the end, which you then put in the middle when you translate it to English.

But instead, one where you've got a nominative, a noun, then you've got meaning he or she is and then you have an adjective.

And that's what we've got here.

So it's not nom, acc, verb, it's nom, verb, adjective, adj, okay.

All right and then, the amazing, the great thing about these sentences is instead of having to do this, this bit, , that bit, and back that bit, you just do, that word, that word, that word.

You actually can treat them like a conveyor belt.

Can you, but only that time.

Can you tell me, so that step two done now.

And let's get the word order, right for step three.

Can you tell me what the correct translation of the sentence is? In three, two, one, go.

It's going to be? Good, it's going to be the queen is happy.

So actually, instead of doing that, I can get rid of that.

And all I need to do is say, instead of you having to look at my appalling handwriting, is just do the queen, like that, is happy.

Got it, yeah, of course you do.

So that bit is fine, I think we'll be okay with that.

Let's just remind ourselves over this next section, what's up with nominatives and accusatives.

So the nominative is the? Lets have a sing.

♪ The nominative is the subject and it does the verb ♪ ♪ The accusative is the object and it receives the verb ♪ ♪ Receives the verb ♪ ♪ What letter do singular accusatives end in, ay ♪ ♪ What letter do singular accusatives end in ♪ ♪ And sentences in English goes subject, verb, object ♪ ♪ Sentences in Latin go subject, object, verb ♪ Right, now, here's a sentence with a nominative and accusative and a verb in, maybe.

All right, just have a look at me do it on this one.

I want to see if I can do it all by myself.

Just remind ourselves how to translate sentences, which might very well have a subject, nominative and accusative verb.

Now what's key about this one though, is that we've got these new words here.

We've not seen, I've shown you , but I've not shown could mean anything, let's have a look.

So first of all, we start off with and I know that means a monkey.

So making sure we know how to spell monkey, yeah.

Is a monkey.

We're just, now step one.

Remember, we need to look at our word beginnings.

So , ooh, ooh, ooh.

Something I can say about that M there.

Calm down, that's for down here, yeah.

Now I think, I'm not certain, either you go straight for, I think it's accusative.

More in a bit.

Or you look at that and you think Mr. Furber, I've never seen that word before in my life.

Why are you expecting me to translate ? I, no, I cannot, could mean anything.

What's it looks like? Oh, it looks like that word that means tiger that you just showed us.

So this is the, this is tiger.

We will look at why it's different in a second.

And doesn't mean claps, doesn't mean applauds.

Means praises, thank you.

And then we don't just do that though, we always make sure we add in the he or she.

Okay, lovely, tick.

Then we have a look at our word endings, this is what makes Latin so special.

Okay, the verb actually is the he or she bit, we've done that, especially the nominative and the accusative.

Now, let's label, this is where we do the labelling.

Sorry, so actually that means praises.

Don't just think like that person did with that sentence with S, that look, it's three word sentences in Latin.

Nominative, accusative, verb, piece of cake, check.

Means praises, that is a verb, so we're okay.

Verb, praises.

Now, what letter do singular accusatives end in, M.

It's the singular accusative of tiger, that's why it's ending is different.

That's like or.

That's going to be your nominative singular, isn't it? Your nominative second declension, done.

Now we translate in the order nom, verb, acc.

This word, whoop, jump over that word, then ooh, back one bit, that word over there.

And we make sure we put some thes in.

We take out he or she, if we don't need it.

And we make sure we add some punctuation at the end.

So I've got, if I'm following word order, first word, third word, second, I've got monkey, he praises tiger.

Monkey, he praises tiger.

Make that make sense.

I get rid of my he or she, I've got monkey praises tiger.

Now I put some of thes in, the monkey praises the tiger.

With a full stop.

Added my thes, took out the he and she, put a full stop on the end, step three is done.

Very nice, if I do say so myself, thank you, me.

That was nice of me, wasn't it? Right, I hope you enjoyed just watching a grown man translate a sentence that I was perfectly capable of translating, but that's, I did that for you, okay.

'Cause I'm going to start shifting the balance, shifting the learning over to you, okay.

So have a look, one last look at that because you're going to be translating sentences like that in a bit.

Are we ready, let's have a little look.

So what's wrong, just five seconds, with the translation of as the tiger monkey eats? Mr. Furber, I've invented a new species, it's called a tiger monkey.

What's wrong with that sentence? Five slow seconds, go Two, one and lovely, look.

Word beginnings, we've got all our, we've got our ingredients, but this is why ingredient step one alone is not enough.

We need to have a look at the rest.

We've got.

That's our noun and then which is our verb.

This is our accusative, this is our nominative.

♪ Sentences in English go, subject, verb, object ♪ ♪ Sentences in Latin go, subject, object verb ♪ Which means we need to go nominative, accusative, verb in Latin, that's what we've got.

But when we translate it into English, we do that word, then that word, and then that word.

♪ The nominative is the subject and it does the verb ♪ ♪ Does the verb ♪ ♪ The accusative is the object and it receives the verb ♪ ♪ Receives the verb ♪ So, fine, right, sorry, I get carried away.

Now this word, this word, this word, is going to be, the tiger eats the monkey.

This person you'll see has just, has gone for the conveyor belt method of Latin, which doesn't work, you can't just do that.

I'm just going to do that word and I'll translate that word, then I'll translate that word and it will all make sense.

No it won't, you have to change the word order.

Nominative, verb, accusative.

The tiger eats the monkey, add the in.

Okay, step two is done, step two is done.

Let's put an extra the in over here.

The monkey, punctuation, we're done.

Gone wrong here? The monkey not eat tiger for.

Five slow, seconds, go, five, four, three, two, one.

And so here look, that's fine.

We've got every word translated, nom, acc, verb order.

Here, the tigers receiving the eating.

So that is the accusative, that's correctly done.

This is the nominative, this is the verb, so that's fine.

Steps three, they've translated that in order.

Mr. Furber, why is that wrong? Why have I got that wrong? Well, 'cause it doesn't make sense in English.

When you've got and there's other adverbs that will do this too and we'll see them in a bit, you have to add this extra word here to make it make sense.

And it's the monkey, tell me in a big, strong voice.

The monkey? Thank you, the monkey does not eat the.

Well done, if you spotted that other thing.

Let's put in a second the, there was no he or she, put in a second the as well.

The monkey does not eat the tiger, lovely, okay.

What does mean? In three, two and, the tiger praises the monkey.

Nominative, accusative, verb.

That monkeys receiving the praising, tiger is doing the praising.

Means what? In three, two and, the monkey delights the tiger.

That one, delights, don't get confused and start making this verb do different things it's not meant to.

Means delights or gives pleasure to.

The monkey delights the tiger, okay.

Pleases, it's the monkey pleases the tiger.

Another translation.

Means what? In two, one, look, that word, that word, that word.

The tiger delights the monkey.

Now, here we go,.

Do we still know how to do and ? In three, two and great, the tiger is not happy.

Okay, one for you now.

Give yourself two minutes.

You may, for this one, if you want to copy out the Latin sentence, which you don't have to do, in fact, I encourage you not to do for the actual translation.

But if you want to just write those four words out on your page so that you can annotate them, then please do so, pen or pencil in hand.

Pressing pause, give yourself two minutes to translate that Latin sentence in three, two and pause, off you go, Okay, let's see how we did.

The monkey does not praise the tiger.

Make sure it's, does not.

Sometimes students, when they think it's not, they'd say did not, that's past tense.

It does not, present tense.

The monkey does not praise the tiger, lovely.

Okay, well done and if you've labelled the fact that is an adverb.

That's fantastic, that's incredible.

You're going to do extremely well.

So, we are ready.

What is this translation all about? I'm over here now, how are you doing? So.

I'm going to read about that first paragraph and then we'll have a look.

The the tiger queen.

Now, it's a long sentence, we go over to our verb, which is.

The tiger queen.

What it look like, thanks, invites.

Now she invites.

Anything underlined is given to you down there, okay.

She invites each, she invites each.

I know I don't know.

Could be anything.

Each, oh,.

Each animal, it's the accusative form of.

So she invites each animal into her , into her cave, okay.

And so individually they come in.

And the tiger, she asks the animal.

And she always asks the same question.

And she says,.

Does my breath smell? Okay.

If the animal, if the animal says the truth, then the.

If it says yes, it does, it smells very badly.

How dare you, , okay, all right.

But if the animal , if the animal says, , a lie, then the then.

Is the animal safe? What do you think? The animal is fine, isn't it? She lets the animal go.

No, the tiger also eats the animal, okay.

Does my breath smell? Oh, it's still, I don't, it doesn't smell at all.

I don't like liars in my kingdom Okay, you've got the idea, right.

But now, the tiger invites.

, the clever monkey into her cave.

What's going to happen with that clever monkey? What's he going to say? Is he going to escape the impossible question? Let's find out.

So you have a choice as always with translation lessons.

But what you don't have a choice, all right, is in doing this paragraph here.

'Cause everyone's going to do that and this is the main bit for you to do.

But if you'd like to see how that story finishes, then by all means, please do.

Do the final paragraph on your own, independently, right.

But we will be reading that together in a sec.

But for now, I'll let you pause there in a sec.

For now take about 15 minutes, pressing pause after I finish speaking, to translate what's going to happen with that monkey and that tiger.

Clever monkey and the tiger queen.

Pressing pause and three, two, and go.

Okay, fantastic.

Now onto the, have a look at that challenge.

How's the story end? Have a go on your own.

Okay, different colour pen at the ready.

Let's see how we did.

Now, I like reading out the Latin, so I'm going to do it.

The tiger says, "does my breath smell?" The monkey praises, now as usual, okay, I'll leave a little gap between each one.

Just give us a nice, big, different colour tick for every bit you get wrong, right.

Sorry, every bit you get right, obviously.

So the monkey praises the tiger.

The monkey replies, "it smells", it, like your breath, "it smells like cinnamon." Ooh, the monkey delights the tiger.

The tiger is happy, the tiger does not eat the monkey.

The tiger praises the monkey.

The monkey goes out, so he's leaving from the cave, right.

But the tiger, uh-oh, is still hungry.

No! Right, final bit.

She's not going to eat the doctor is she.

Hmm, oh dear.

Mr. Furber, you should have given us a warning about it.

The tiger invites, who? Not a monkey, not an animal, maybe it could be a doctor animal.

I don't see why not, a doctor into her cave.

The tiger queen, she says, the the queen is.

She is ill, she pretends.

Now, is she actually ill? No, she's pretending, all right.

The doctor , the doctor says, well, and he's scared doctor, he isn't, you know, he does know his job.

He says.

What is the cure? And the tiger replies, so she, the doctor doesn't know the cure.

He says, "well, what do you think would make you better?" Okay and the tiger says, "well, I think the cure "is going to be",.

If only a.

If only a queen eats a monkey.

If only, I think she's saying, I think the cure is monkey meat, all right.

No! So what's going to happen to that monkey? He's doomed by the queen.

Now look, you have an impossible question in the first part.

Does my breath smell? If you tell the truth, it's an insult and you're punished.

If you lie, then you're clearly a liar and you're punished for that.

The monkey seems to worm his way out of that impossible quandary.

But then the tiger still has her wish in the end, which is to eat a monkey.

Maybe the monkey escapes, I dunno.

I mean, I don't want to give you the happy ending, 'cause I don't think that's what happens.

Have a think about that fable.

It's about when people ask you questions that are impossible to answer.

Right, there's two things that's left to happen, are there not? And the first one is, or the second one, is for you to do the exit quiz.

And as always, the last question on the exit quiz is about the moral of the fable.

I hope I haven't given too much away, all right.

And before we do that though, however, or before you do that, it's important that we say goodbye to one another.

So before we do that, as always, let's have a quick run of ♪ Sentences in English go, subject, verb, object ♪ ♪ Sentences in Latin go, subject, object verb ♪ ♪ And the nominative is the subject and it does the verb ♪ ♪ The accusative is the object and it receives the verb ♪ Got it, okay and ♪ What letter do singular objects ♪ No, sorry.

♪ What letter do singular accusatives end in ♪ ♪ And what letter do singular accusatives end in ♪ M.

Right, extremely well done.

And I look forward to teaching you in some future units.

Right, maybe the one on verbs, maybe the one on plurals.

I'll see you there, okay, very well done.

Nominatives and accusatives and see you later.

Bye-bye, well done.