Lesson video

Salvete omnes, salve magister, very nice.

So this is the last lesson in our unit on plurals.

And you're going to need all your knowledge of plurals be they nominative or accusative, nominative or accusative, nominative, or accusative, ♪ What letter do plural accusatives end in ♪ S, so you need all that stuff at your fingertips in order to translate this fable, which is about, or it's called, "The Tame Birds and the Wild Birds." Practise translation, "The Tame birds and the Wild Birds," our learning objectives, otherwise known in Latin as discenda, are: Can I translate fluently a Latin passage containing nominative and accusative plurals? And have I consolidated core vocabulary? Press pause here if you need to, in order to get items for today's lesson, I've nothing but praise for students who came prepared, well done, okay.

Let's have a look at, now.

Vocabulary, I've collated the 14 either most frequent or most difficult words that you will need to know in their entirety in order to do today's passage for translation independently.

And they are these words here, right? And we're going to take a closer look at just the one today.

And that is avis, let's have a look.

Now, our derivation is, of this noun, is aviation and aviation is to do with whoop, it's to do with flying, okay? And because avis is an animal that flies and avis is a bird.

You may have guessed that because it's in the title of the fable, it was about tame birds, wild birds.

Yeah, okay.

Avis is a bird, also aviator, aviation, an aviary is a, another name for bird house, all right? Okay, that's, that's the vocab bit done.

But it's not all over because we need to still either quiz you, need to question you on what these words mean.

To prepare yourself for that, press pause here and just read through these 14 words one time.

As always just do not worry if you don't know all of them, that's what we're here for.

But just read, familiarise yourself with them.

Pressing pause here.

Okay, hands completely free, Are we ready? Yes we are, let's have a look.

What does avis mean? It's a bird, and what's, what's the difference between est and sum? Three, two, one, now sum is I am, est, he or she is, now, we just did est, what's the difference between est and et? Answer in two, pause if you need to, one, so est we know is still, it's not been changing, it's still he or she is, and et, and.

And I am, that was sum, wasn't it? What's the difference between avis, ancilla and amica? We've got three nouns, all beginning with an A.

Okay, press pause if you need to, it's tricky, answers in three, two, and, how did we do? Good, you might have in your lessons translated ancilla as slave girl, the, I, let's go for female slaves you don't know how old that slave is, all right? It's a female slave as opposed to a servus, a male slave.

Avis we just did, it's a bird, and amica is the feminine of amicus, it still means friend.

Iratus and laetus, what's the difference? Good, answers in two, one, so iratus, if you're irate, you're angry and if you're delighted, laetus is happy.

Dominus iratus therefore means what? Now you're going to translate it in the order, that word, that word, I'll give you a clue.

It's going to be that word, that word.

In two, one, will be the angry master, well done.

Clamat versus respondet, verbs of communication, verbs to do with the voice, are what? Two, one, so clamat, if you exclaim, right, an exclamation mark is used when you might shout, he or she shouts, respondet, looks a bit like response.

Synonym for response is replies.

Videt and venit, let's get this right, or venit, sorry, it's a short E, is what? In two, it's one or the other, two, one, videt, sees, it's to do with visual, all right? Videt is he or she sees, or looks, and venit is he or she comes, it's the root of the English word went which I know means, it's sort of the opposite of comes but that might help.

Avem, there's something on the end there, but I think we know, is it singular? Now we're going to do lots of work on singulars and plurals the next few questions, avem is singular or plural? In three, two, one, it's singular.

What letter do singular accusatives end in? M, aves, therefore, two, one, plural, okay? Now, dominum in, you'll be quick on these, two, one, what letter do singular accusatives end in? Singular, means master, avis is In two, one, singular, all right? It's not been changed, that's the form that I've taught you, avis means bird, avis means bird.

Ancilla, is singular or plural? In three, two, one, that is singular, good.

Amicas is singular or plural, in three, two, one, what letter do plural accusatives end in? Plural accusatives end in S, okay, so that is friends and it's receiving the verb.

Avis est laeta, it means what? In three, pause if you need to, two, and one, it's the bird is happy, now what's this A doing on the end, Mr Furber? I've learned laetus and you're showing me laeta.

This is the feminine ending, avis is a feminine noun so laetus is going to change to laeta, you'll be seeing that form today.

And here is another verb, adjective that has been changed with an A on the end, and we're going to need to know what it means.

Amica est irata means what? Point to the right answer in two, one, the friend is angry, lovely.

Veniunt, do we still know the difference between video and veneo in two.

It's going to be, they come, veneo, I come, veniunt, they come, and video.

Let's bring me in.

Right, miming to me, what video is, in, what's the meaning of video in three, two, one.

It'll be something like, it'll be like that wouldn't it, 'cause it means I see, or I look, but I see, as opposed to, you may have seen specto, which is I watch, difference, right? And then what's venio, mime that to me in three, two, that'll be, how am I going to do that? I'll be sort of, sort of motion towards, I'm sort of here now, all right, it's I come, and nunc, mime it to me in three, two, it's going to be going to be.

It's going to be now.

Lovely, right.

Are we ready? Yes, we are, so one to 14 down the margin, writing down what these words mean, should take you about four minutes, pressing pause to do that, best of luck, you're going to be fine, now.

Okay, different coloured pen at the ready, let's see how we did, correcting your answers there.

How did we do? Of course you did extremely well, I never had a doubt.

Okay, hands completely free.

This is the sound of me dropping my pencils.

I free my hands up, there it goes, did you hear that? Right, hands completely free, let's have a look at the context of what's this fable about.

We've had a bit of a clue.

Well, it's about these.

We see the tame birds and the wild birds, our Latin vocab, right? There's going to be aves solitae and aves ferae, now, solitae means tame, normally repeated vocab I don't give to you in the additional vocab box because this vocab's quite hard and it only ever comes up once.

I am actually, you will be seeing solitae underlined and given down here, somewhere in the additional vocab box, okay? So that'd be fine, but solitae is tame birds, aves plural, and then you've also got your aves ferae, oh sorry, and then these solitae birds.

These tame birds are kept by a dominus, right, so they are owned, they're kept by, have been captured by, a master, right? Unlike the aves ferae, the wild, that's what feral, it's the root of that English word, birds over here, all right? This fable as always, maybe it was originally written by Aesopus in Latin or Aesop in English if he even existed, man.

Some people think he sort of didn't exist, I think he did.

And, but the actual Latin you're looking at is adapted from a poem written by a Greek who wrote Latin poetic fables and that guy's called Phaedrus.

Okay, so, this is, now, oh Mr Furber, I'm ready to get translating, I want to go, no, stop, we need to have a look, just practise the grammar first, before we actually get translating.

I'm delighted that you want to start now though.

This is the paragraph you will be doing on your own any minute now, but before we do that, we need to just check we're clued in grammatically.

And here we've got some plurals, including this new sort of aves, which could mean, I do know it's birds, but I don't know what it's doing in a sentence, well let's have a look then, that's what we're here for.

Here is a Latin sentence and it has the word aves in, and I'm going to translate it.

And I don't want any help, actually I might need a bit of help, okay? Right.

We've got dominus aves habet.

Now our steps, exactly the same steps as in the grammar lesson, we do word beginnings first.

You just did a test on this so we should be fine, we should know that dominus is a master.

We just leave a gap after every noun when you're doing this, aves, now, oh, oh, oh, es, es, no, just the beginnings, just the beginnings.

It's from avis, isn't it, which is a bird.

And then habet is to do with has, that's that one done.

Now, I just can't wait to look at these nouns, Mr Furber, no, okay, then we look at our verb next, verb time.

We check our person on the verb, okay, now our verb is habet, isn't it? Because it's, that's the has ones, it's the ones on the end, habets is our verb, T on the end, O S T, I, you, he or she.

Let's go for he here, and this is going to be plus nom, and I don't know whether this is going to be in brackets here, I might need the he, if I haven't got a nominative, I'm, won't need it, if I do have a noun that's in the nominative, yeah, same as always, okay, so we're just keeping it as a backup nominative that one, that he, okay.

There, that's done, step two's done.

Now we go to on nouns.

Oh, I can't wait to do the nouns, okay, great.

And we look at dominus or aves, let's do dominus first.

I'm thinking nominative or accusative, singular or plural, let's do singular or plural first, I'm thinking dominus is, well it's singular, and also, I mean, it's nominative, isn't it? It's not been changed in any way.

That's the form that I've learned as vocab when I did that quiz, therefore it's the nominative singular, lovely, thank you, nominative singular.

That's step one, we've done those first, now aves, now when you encounter tricky ones, might I fully recommend doing it in this order? So as we did, when we did that, the practise, task number one in the grammar lesson, you do singular or plural, so number first, and then you do nominative or accusative second, okay? What letter do It's always singular accusative.

It's always number then case, isn't it? In the song, so I'd recommend doing it that way.

Now aves, es on the end, oh it's in the bag, Mr Furber, what letter do plural accusatives end in? S, therefore it's, ah, I'm a genius.

Therefore it is.

I'm going to add for them, acc plu, accusative plural, right, time to move on, onto step four, no, okay, because, well, remember that es ending, it was the main thing on the grammar lesson, that es ending was what, it was nominative or accusative? It was that one that was actually don't shoot.

Do it with me, okay, it's going to be both.

It was both nominative and accusative, or it could be both, either nominative or accusative, the es ending, third declension, plural.

We don't know whether it's nominative or accusative.

Okay.

So let's go.

Then we move on to step four, we want to go in the order nom, verb, acc, this word, this word, this word, well, Mr, hold on, this could be nominative or accusative so are the birds doing the having or is the master doing the having? Well, now we get logical, okay? Let me see, we've definitely got a nominative, okay, therefore, this can't be nominative and has to be accusative.

And there's also another step that I missed out Mr Furber and I'm going to sure you never do it, which is look, you get your accusative, I was so obsessed with checking whether it's nominative, accusative, forgot to action that plural down here.

All right, now, let's have a look over here.

Every time you do number, you ask if you need to change anything down here, don't just do it otherwise you'll fall in the trap, right? Dominus is nominative singular, do I need to change master? Do I need to change my English, nodding heads or shaking heads? No, because it's singular.

Aves is accusative plural, do I need to change bird in any way? Yes, because it's plural, I need to change it to birds, okay, got it.

Now and only now is step three actually done and we go onto step four, we do this word, this word, this word, we've got the master.

And now we realise we've got a nominative, so we don't need that nominative there.

We don't need the he, the master has a bird? He has birds, that's write that in in neat.

Has birds with a full stop, step four is done.

Take one last look 'cause it's going in three, two, and it's gone, and we're back for example number two.

Now this one, we got the same core words, okay? Aves, dominus and habeo, so I've done, we've kept step one, has been done for you so we can jump straight to the, my favourite bit, and I'm going to bring you in a bit more.

Now, oh man, I can't wait to label these nouns now, before we actually get on with things, what, there's an additional task.

There's an additional thing that I'd like you to do here, which is I'm really excited about translating that sentence so I will, at one point, I will rush ahead.

When that happens, when I rush, you need to do, make the noise that I make when students rush, which is to go no, you need to go no, okay, so just practise that for me now, no, do that, do that, one more time.

No, do it again.

Great, make sure you make that noise, I need to be able to hear it, I won't be able to hear it, I need to be able to hear it, okay, when I make that mistake, maybe I'm going to rush.

Make sure you let me know.

Now let's do a practise run.

So I've done step one, that's great, now I can't wait to label the nouns.

Oh, it's just, love labelling nouns, with me, go, no, okay, because it's verbs next, verbs next, you got to check that person.

So look okay, thank goodness, habent is my verb, and with me, nt on the end, finger in the air, and one, two, three, it's O, S, T, mus, tis, nt, who's doing nt, tell me in three, two, one, it's going to be, thank you, they.

So we need to write, now, is it they has? It's going to be they have, thank you, they have.

Now, so, this is going to be plus nom up here and if I don't have a nominative, might do, then I've got my backup nominative which is they, okay, now we move on to our nouns, okay? And we look, I think we're going to do dominum first and then aves, are we ready? Course we are, bringing you in.

Dominum is what of those four? What letter do singular accusatives end in? M, singular accusative, now, aves, do you remember? Aves is which one? Is it just one of those? It is, hands at the ready in three, two, one, it's going to be, don't shoot, it could be nominative or accusative.

We come back to our sentence, do we not? Okay, and now it's puzzle time.

Got nominative or accusative plural and accusative singular and a verb, now, if this, if dominum is definitely accusative, then is aves going to be nominative or accusative? Nominative or accusative? Tell me, it'll show me in three, two, it has to be, thank you, nominative, great, so the accusative is gone now.

Okay, so step one was done, step two's done, and yeah, I mean, step three is done 'cause I've done, I've checked my case and that was a step that's done, and we're going to move on to step four 'cause I love, no! Okay, one more time, one more time.

So yeah, step three is done.

That's great, so I'm just going to move on now 'cause they're, no, okay fine, because the thing, the most important thing, is you check, you look at these things and you amend, you adjust your English based on your labelling, all right? Aves is nominative plural, am I going to need to change bird in any way? Yes, I mean, I need to change it to, tell me, thank you, birds.

Leaning into that S.

Dominum is accusative singular, am I going need to change master in any way? Nodding head, shaking heads.

It's going to be shaking, it's no, 'cause it's singular, stays singular.

Now another thing I can also do is that this was, do you remember, plus nom and also we can bracket off these nominatives now because I know I've definitely got a nominative and that's aves, so I won't need the they.

Now we have a look, we've got aves dominum habent, you tell me in a big strong voice, what does that sentence mean? Off we go, let's have a listen.

Great, thank you, it's going to be the birds.

Don't need the they.

Have either the, let's go for a, a master, with a full stop, step four, done, delightful.

Well done.

Now, the second thing we're looking at is just this sentence down here and I insist everyone gets it right.

I'm not going to give you the exact same sentence, 'cause that would be just me doing it for you.

Here we have aves habemus and it's been mistranslated as the birds have.

Oh, what's wrong with that translation? 10 seconds, off you go.

Three, two, one.

Now, let's run through the steps.

Birds have, that's fine we've got some instances of that and we're okay, done.

We might even, and then I'm going to just label my nouns 'cause I love doing that, no.

That's why the step two is so, this is why step two is here, do you understand? Because you must check your person ending, habemus, with me, mus, right? This is our verb, but who's doing the having? O, S, T, mus, that's we, mus is we, so we've got a missing we here.

Okay, rightm now we've done step two, and then we go down here and we see, oh, now, this mistake isn't actually as bad as back in the olden days when it was for example avem or you know, ancillam or something, or amicum or something, all right? Because here look, what this student's gone is, they've gone look, aves, that's nominative plural, you've got nominative plural and have, so that's going to be doing the having and that's fine.

Oh, completely neglecting the fact that aves is also accusative plural, isn't it? Accusative plural, but, nicely though, the person has acknowledged, at least aves is plural, that S on the end is fine.

But actually our nominative look, this is verb plus nom, isn't it? Who's doing the having, it's we, okay? So therefore we don't need this nominative, aves has to be accusative.

So the whole thing together is going to be we, this bit, this bit, this bit, that'll be, we have now, a bird or birds? We have birds, the birds, the birds here, full stopping it, got it.

Well, even if you think you have, you've got some opportunities to practise that now.

Take a little look.

Avem habemus means what? Answer in three, two, accusative first word, we're doing the having, singular accusative, we have a, the, bird.

Aves habeo, es, o.

Going to be, I got plural, maybe it's nominative, maybe it's accusative, it's accusative, good, and it's plural because I'm doing the having, I have birds.

Amicam habeo will be what? Three, two.

So friends not doing any having, who's doing it? Well, I am, habeo, and it's a singular friend.

Amicas habemus.

Answer in three, pause if you need to, two, now mus on the end, we're doing the having, and what letter do plural accusatives end in? S, so the we, and the plural, there it is.

Okay.

Right, now, it's time for you to have a go.

Avem laetam habeo, that's all the clues you're getting.

Press pause here to attempt that sentence.

Don't fall into the thinking that the bird, is the bird going to be the first word of your translation? That's all I'm saying, I'm giving too many clues.

Press pause here, attempt that sentence please, off we go.

Okay.

Different coloured pen at the ready.

Our sentence means, correct answer is, I have a happy bird, well done, look, habeo, I have.

That's accusative first word because that word, that word, that word, that word.

I have a happy bird or I have the happy bird.

Just the one bird, really well done for getting that.

If, now I'm not saying you did, but if you did get that wrong, you've got loads of opportunities to practise.

You've got that one sentence actually.

So at the end of the passage, make sure we get it right in that instance, okay? There's one opportunity here for you to get this right in the translation.

Have a look.

Now let's have a look, time to start reading.

The master, now the master's birds, no, we do master, and then do our verb up to a comma here.

The master has solitas, he has tame birds, aves.

Sed, but, plures cupit, he wants more.

So what's he do? these tame birds, ad rete ligat, the master, over to our verb, ties the, now, the tame bird, aves, the tame bird or the tame birds? Bird or birds, aves, the tame birds, add to a rhetor, to a net, okay? So these tame birds are being used sort of as a trap, okay, to attract some wild birds where they'll see, I'm not going to give too much away, but wild birds will see those tame birds there, go, oh, there's some of our bird friends, hello, oh no, I'm in the net.

Oh, right, okay, maybe I've ruined too much.

Probably not though, have a little look and see what happens, what's going to happen? Press pause here, off you go.

Okay, switching to a different coloured pen let's see how we did.

So as always, I'm going to read out the Latin for this bit because I like doing that.

So plural, the wild birds see, their or the friends, really well done if we've got that, we've got plural nominative there and a plural accusative there, so two plurals, great.

Now the birds come to the net.

So there's, they fall in, they fly into the net, they've got caught.

So now the master has the, and again, accusative plural, has the wild birds.

Now birds or bird, avis.

This is singular.

So a wild bird or the wild bird is angry.

And, or you can say either she shouts or just shouts, and says, "Now, because of you, I am a female slave," or you can actually just say, I am a slave, it's fine.

The, now, plural again, the tame birds, so that's what one of the wild birds who'd just been captured said, what do the team birds say? They were sort of complicit in the capturing of their same species, what would they say, their reply? "We have a happy master." Okay, that's not the happy master doing the having.

"We," mus, "have a happy master rather than friends." Ooh, okay, so.

Well done.

Have a think, I'm not going to give the moral of that fable away, that's for you to think about, do you understand? And in order to at least have a clue about how that fable works, you're going to need to look at the final question on the exit quiz, which will also include some questions on ♪ What letter do plural accusatives end in ♪ ♪ S ♪ Okay, well it's on singulars and plurals, okay? So, two things left.

The second of which is to repeat that exit quiz and have a think about the moral of the fable.

And the first of which, as always, is to say valete and for me to congratulate you and to express my thanks and praise for you having done so well on the plurals unit and doubtless, I will see you on a further unit on this course.

I look forward to teaching you then, very well done, valete.