Lesson video

In this, our second grammar lesson in the unit on third person pronouns, we're going to continue that learning by looking at our next set of pronouns and they are to do with demonstration, they're demonstrative pronouns.

Look at that, look at that.

Did you look? What's that behind me? Oh, fine, okay, well done.

Okay, let's have a look at them.

Demonstrative pronouns.

Our learning objectives are as follows.

Can I define, recognise and translate to demonstrative pronouns in English and Latin? And can I distinguish between two different uses of that pronoun, ille? Press pause if you need to to you get the items required to for today's lesson.

Thank you and well done, and I'm extremely grateful for those students who have brought everything they need to already, and don't need to go and get a pen.

Okay, now let's have a look at this grammar point in action, and we're going to to the ancient classroom as we quite frequently do.

Now it's not just the student.

It's not just the student work, it's hic, hic discipulus, all right, with me.

Hic, hic, okay.

So what can we add, hic? It's going to be this, thank you, good.

This student is working.

We've got student there, it's this one.

This student is working, or works.

And what does the student say? He says So hic, we know means, tell me, we just did, it means this.

Hic, hic, is this.

This is my book.

Now, Now, if you, mm, Mr. Furber actually hold on, look Mr. Furber, I know ille.

We did ille in the last grammar lesson and it means he so it's in the bag, Mr. Furber, I'm fine.

He is my teacher, whoof, don't need to teach me anything today, Mr. Furber.

Ille vir, we've got this noun here, vir.

What are we going to do? Ought to bear in mind, we're talking with two demonstrative pronouns, we've got hic which means this and ille which means that.

Okay, so ille vir, that man is my teacher.

We then introduce the two students over here.

And we've got, not ille meaning that, but illi, So not that student, but, yeah, plural of that, those students don't work.

These two over here not working, honestly.

And what they say is specta illud.

Specta illud, specta illud.

They say look, not look over there but look at illud, look at that.

Good, they shout.

And now this one has animation, look at that.

And then look at the teacher, oh, what's over there, what's that? And then Now, it's no noun here.

So it's not, then those flee.

There's no nouns.

We go back to our previous learning on ille and it just means then that one, then they run away.

Let's have a look.

Look, he's not looking, what are we going to do? Off they go.

Okay, one more time, let's have a look.

This is how these students get out of school.

I don't think this will work in the actual classroom, but "Look at that," they shout.

Oh, what is it? Then they run away, bye bye.

What just happened? It's as simple as this, Demonstrative pronouns are words point out, so point out, or demonstrate this and that.

Now in English, the plural of this is these and in English, the plural of that is those.

Sometimes students get confused when they jump from the singular to the plural and they think that the plural of this is those.

And the plural of that is these, don't do that.

This, these, that, those, this, these, that, those with me two, three, four, this, these, your turn.

That, those, your turn.

This, these, go, and that, those, your turn, that, those.

What's the plural of that? It's going to be two, one, it's those.

And the plural of this is these, lovely.

Now, we saw a bunch of forms of this pronoun here which is hic which means this and these.

If you put all of these on the table, it would look like this, all right? Similarly, we also saw a pronoun which starts with ille and that meant that or those, and if you put all of those on a table, then it would look like this, now we're going to dwell quickly at this stage on the fact that ille, illa, illud and illi, illae, illa these ille, illa, illud meaning that and illi, illae, illa meaning those, we've already seen these haven't we, Mr. Furber? Yes, I know.

We saw them on the last grammar lesson and indeed in the last translation lesson where ille meant he or it, illa meant she or it, illud meant it and illi, illae, illa meant they.

Now we're going to do loads on how to distinguish between that ille and this ille in due time.

For now, I'm just going to tell you about it, but actually we're going to go back to these two tables here.

Now there's two things to bear in mind about what to do with this table.

And the first thing involves a sort of, I dunno, how am I going to refer to them? Lazier students, shall we say.

What they sometimes do is they look at this and they go, well, look, I mean, they've all got an H on the front haven't they, so I'll just remember the huh on the front is this, huh, this, huh, this.

Now that's all well and good, okay, but you have to, there's two problems with the huh, this and then ille.

Mr. Furber I'll just know, look there's too many of them.

I'm not going to remember them, all right I'll just remember that ille on the front means that, and then we're done.

Ille, that, huh, this, lesson's over, I'll see you tomorrow.

All right.

Actually, the problem with that is as follows.

The first thing is those students who go for the huh, this method, usually a couple of weeks, or even a couple of months later, they then see hunc.

Okay, it's not pronounced hunk.

They see and they go, Mr. Furber, I've never seen hunc before in my life.

That's a silly word, what does it mean? And that's when I say, well, that's because you didn't know your hic table properly.

Or they might seen hanc, and they'll go, Mr. Furber, who's hanc? I've never seen that before in my life.

So, yes you have, you just didn't remember the table So you must, it's not a matter of remembering where it goes in this table.

You just need to remember that form and know how to apply it in translation.

Hanc is accusative, singular, feminine.

All right.

Now that's the first problem with the huh, this method.

The second problem with just remembering that huh on the front means this is the plurals because huh, hi doesn't mean this.

Hi means these, but this one has a very simple solution and it's easy.

Do we see how, we've actually seen four pronouns now.

And have we seen how over the course of these pronouns, the plurals are actually quite regular, okay.

We know that hi is plural, 'cause it looks like It looks like an English cacti or fungi, that's obviously plural isn't it? In the same way that ille is obviously plural or in the same way that illi over there is plural or That was plural, wasn't it? Okay, we've seen loads of these now.

Similarly with hae, that looks like It looks like illae, all right.

And what letter do plural accusatives end in? S, in S so we know that that's plural accusative, that has to be plural, look, obviously, that's like.

Similarly it's like, Or look, it's like eos and eas, they have the same endings all the way through.

Eis, what letter or ending do ablative plurals have? Or what letters do ablatives plurals end in? Eis.

What ending do ablative plurals end in? Eis.

Eis, illis, his, we know that's ablative plural.

The endings stay, you've already learnt these endings.

We did all that work on We did all that work on these third person pronouns here where I was getting you to spot that that's plural, that's plural, that's plural.

The endings are the same, you already know these are plural and all you do then is you make the leap from that's plural, doesn't mean that, it means those and this is plural, doesn't mean this, it meas these.

We're going to be working on that now.

Right, we're going to play a game of this or that.

This or that.

And which am I going to pick? And countdown, three, two, one.

Which am I going to pick? Let's have illum, three, two, one.

That.

Hic.

This.

Ille.

That.

Hanc.

Who's hanc? This.

Hunc.

Is this.

And stop there.

How would you pronounce this word? Do you pronounce it hunk? It's pronounced hunc.

Hunc, hunc, hunc.

And which am I going to pick? And countdown, three, two, one.

Which am I going to pick.

And let's have hoc, three, two, one.

Hoc is.

This.

Hunc.

Is this.

And illud.

That.

Haec.

Is this.

I'm going to pick up the pace a bit, after three.

And hic.

This.

Ille.

That.

Illum.

That.

Hoc.

This.

Illa.

That.

Hunc.

This.

Haec.

This.

Illud.

That.

Lovely, now put one finger up for the singular and two fingers up for the plural.

It's one finger up for the singular, two fingers up for the plural, and which are we going to pick? And countdown, could be any of these.

And which am I going to pick? Let's have hic and it's going to be singular and ille is.

Singular.

Illi.

Plural.

Illas.

Plural.

Hi.

Plural.

Illo.

Singular.

Hanc, who's hanc? Singular.

Illud.

Singular.

Illas again.

Plural.

Illae.

Plural.

Hanc again.

Singular.

Hos.

Good, plural.

Illi.

Is plural, now hoc is? Good.

Singular and haec is? Both, oh dear.

Okay so, okay fine.

For singular or plural, let's have a quick look at haec.

Do we see how? Now we've done this work with, the same thing happens with All right, where.

You've got this A here and that shows you it's feminine, singular.

This woman.

But now am I going to remember the beginning? You must remember every day.

Neutral plurals end in A, neutral plurals end in A, neutral plurals, A, A, A, all right? Haec, this A here is the neutral plural A These gifts.

These ideas.

These markets.

Okay, so you've also got that neutral plurals end in A.

Which am I going to pick? And countdown, three, two, one.

It's one finger up for the singular and two fingers up for the plural.

Which am I going to pick.

Let's have haec, three, two, one is.

Both.

Hoc.

Singular.

Illi.

Plural.

Hos.

Good.

Plural.

And haec, is it still there, yes it is.

Is both.

Now, remember on here which ones are singular and which ones are plural, okay because the next step that we take is if it's a huh word, if it's a hic word, all right, that's this, but if you remember it being plural, could be any of these then you make that these, all right.

Similarly, if it's a that word, but you know it's plural it was the one that had two fingers last time, then you don't say that, you say those, all right.

So this is the big step you take.

Your this and that learning, take your singular and plural learning.

You put the two things together.

So we'll take it a bit slower.

Let's have a chilled out version.

Which am I going to pick? And countdown, three, two, one.

Which am I going to pick? Let's have illae, that's too hard.

Lets have hic, three, two, one.

What's it going to be? This.

Ille.

Is that.

Now, illi is going to be? Think about it.

Good, those.

Hi.

Is these.

Hos.

These.

Illi again.

Those.

Illud.

That.

Haec, haec can mean, now it's both singular and plural, it can mean both this or these.

And which am I going to pick, the chilled out version.

Countdown, three, two, one.

Which am I going to pick? Which one's it going to be? Let's have illam, three, two, one.

Illam is.

That.

Over to illas.

Is, good, those.

Illi.

Also means those.

And haec, is it still there? Can mean this and these.

And hi.

Is these.

Illo.

Is that.

Hic.

This.

Ille.

That.

Shall we pick up the pace a bit? I think the chilled out version's a bit slow.

Which am I going to pick? And countdown, three, two, one.

Which am I going to pick.

Let's have hic, three, two, one.

Hic is.

This.

Hi.

These.

Hos.

These.

Illi.

Those.

Haec can mean two things.

This and these.

One more time.

Haec can mean this and these and illam is? That.

Illas.

Is those.

Hos.

Is these.

Haec can mean this and these.

Ille, last batch, is that.

Illae.

Is those.

Hanc, who's hanc? Is this.

And illud, means look at, what's that, what's that over there? Look at that.

We're fine, well done, everyone, delightful.

Okay, so now we're going to go onto our main task and it's time to practise what these look like in full sentences.

Let's have a look at our first example.

It's a toughie, I'm going to have a go and doing it on my own.

I don't want any help.

I want to see if I can do it by myself.

We've got Now, the step one is always the same.

And all we do is we just look at the beginnings of words.

We just get our ingredients.

Okay, so we've got hic, now, our hic is that one, isn't it, hic is going to be this.

Cibus is food.

Est, is, and meus, my.

Step one is done.

Now, my step two I really scrutinise and I label my demonstrative pronoun.

I'm just going to label it as pron, all right, or maybe like dem pron, I suppose but that's a bit too long in terms of not much space up here.

I'll just label it as pron.

Checking the case and also the number.

And the main thing is, is it going to be, if you think it's this, does it in fact actually mean these, all right.

Number is the big one, all right, of those two, okay.

Now hic is, I know when I was doing my singulars and plurals, hic was singular so I don't have to change it to these.

It's going to carry on meaning this, okay.

And I'm going to label it up here as pron.

All right.

Done.

Then I look at my word endings for everything else, okay.

And cibus is my nominative Est is my verb.

And meus is an adjective, adj.

Cibus, it's not going to be food, it's doing the verb est.

is I am, you are, he, she, or it is.

I've got a nominative so I won't need a pronoun over here, but I'm going to add, not hic as if it's food, but the it is, but that is very much in brackets because I know that food is doing, it's nominative, it's doing the verb so I don't need my pronoun that's in the verb there, all right.

Now I've got this.

Then I go down here, and if I've got a form of sum, I'm not going to go from my nom verb, acc form.

Note how that pronouns like adjectives, demonstrative, pronouns, like adjectives go in front of your nominative when you translate them.

Not only that though, but extremely conveniently, they actually go in front of the noun in Latin as well, unlike adjectives, which can go either side.

In fact, more usually are after.

I go in this order here.

I either go pronoun, nom, verb, pronoun, acc, all right? Or this one, I've got an S form, haven't I? I've got my nom, look, pronoun, nominative, S, adjective.

Pronoun, nominative, verb, which is S, adjective so I'm going to in that root.

That word, that word, that word, that word.

That word, that word, that word, that word.

This food, I don't need the it, This food is, my, make that make sense I'm going to have this.

Food.

Is mine.

Okay, take one last look before it goes and step four is done.

Take a look at it 'cause it's going to go into and our the next one.

We've got hi, so I've got And there's something wrong with it.

And the thing that's wrong with it is what? You're going to tell me what's wrong with this translation, one thing that's wrong with it.

I'm going to give you 10 seconds, go.

Three, two, one, zero.

So, well done for spotting that the thing that's problematic here is hi has been mistranslated as those.

Let's just do, which am I going to pick.

Countdown three, it's going to be hi.

Hi means, is it singular or plural? Hi is, show me.

Yeah, this is not just me doing this bit on my own now, you're involved now.

Hi is, show me, it's going to be plural And is it going to be the plural of this or the plural of that? If it's hi, it's going to be plural of this and the plural of this is not those, but the plural of this is these.

This student's just got confused.

Either, there's two things that have happened here.

Either they've forgotten.

They've not actually learned what's going on in this lesson.

And they think that huh words are to do with that which is not the case.

Or they've got confused.

They think the plural of this is those.

Whereas the plural of this, one more time, the plural of this is these, good.

So we don't want those but these.

And the rest of it's all fine isn't it.

Sunt is are, they are but we know who's doing it.

Mei, my friends, fine, okay.

We're onto the next part now which is, this is the big one which is how do we distinguish between ille, meaning that and ille, meaning he? Ille, that, ille, he.

Let's have a look.

Now, this one, I'm going to go back to just me doing it.

You're going to watch me figure out how to translate this sentence but then we're going to do loads of examples where you're going to get stuck in.

So, first of all, I look at my world beginnings.

Hi is going to be this, to do with this, isn't it? But Mr. Furber, Mr. Furber, it's, yes, I'll get onto that for step two, all right, hang on.

For now, let's just get our ingredients.

It's going to be this or these.

Iuvenes is also going to be young man.

But Mr. Furber, es, es, es! Yes, I know, we'll do that in step three, right.

Intrant is enter.

Full stop.

Then we've got then, deinde.

Illi, now, illi, we're going to do that and we're going to do he.

Discedunt, leave.

Step one done.

Step two, we look at these pronouns.

Now, number is what's key, number.

So my pronouns are pron, P.

Pron.

Pronoun, all right.

Let's do this one first.

Thank you for pointing out that I've mistranslated he, but this is the correct and appropriate point to.

If you can do it immediately, then that's perfect, do so.

All right.

He is going to be singular or plural, singular or plural? He is plural.

This or these, this or these two, one, these.

Lovely, so it's not this, but it's going to be, can I correct this? These, so that's that one done.

That's fine, but then we go over here to illi.

And now ille, if you see any form of that, an extra little alarm bell needs to go off.

'Cause you always need to ask yourself whether, not just case and number, but whether it's going to be he or that.

All right, now illi, first of all, we've got a choice.

Let's do the he or that first, okay.

Now I'll point this out here.

The moment you see an ille, you always need to look immediately after it.

And if you see now, you're going to be repeating this back to me in a sec.

So listen up.

If you see a noun immediately after your form of ille, then you've got this pronoun hi.

'Cause we see this, you've got pronoun, nominative.

Demonstratives, they sort of act a bit like adjectives, they're always followed by or most of the time they're followed by, at this stage, nouns.

So if it were those people, it would be illi, noun.

It'd be those boys, those young men or something.

Now here we've not got a noun, okay so therefore it can't mean those somethings 'cause those needs a noun in order for it to be those.

So instead, actually what we're looking at.

No noun is the third person pronoun form and it's going to be he.

Well, that's that done then.

That's step two over and done with.

Oof, thank goodness.

No, we've still got to look at, look, still got to do the number, haven't we, all right? Illi, singular or plural or singular or plural? Illi is plural.

And that means it's not going to be he but the plural of he is, there's a letter over here and a letter over here, they, got it? Okay, these young, now, iuvenes, that's done.

Now we've got some plurals here.

So step three, look at our word endings.

And we also, when doing that, concentrate on number.

Iuvenes, singular or plural or singular or plural? Iuvenes is plural.

Okay, so it's going to be not young man, but young men.

Deinde is fine.

Illi, we've got, they.

And then we've just got to do these endings here.

Unt, you might think, well, this is superfluous, but it's always worth checking.

I'm just going to do my labelling up here quickly.

Nom, verb, full sentence, deinde.

Pronoun, verb.

Let's just double check.

Enter is going to be unt, be they and discedunt, the unt is they.

Always check in case you might have missed that these are nominative.

You might've mislabeled them as accusative in which case these won't match.

But I think we can see here that this sentence and it's a long one so I'm not going to rewrite it is, listen up, these young men enter.

Then they, i.

e.

, the same young men, then they leave.

Step three's done, step four is done.

Now, take one look at that.

These young men enter, then they leave.

There should be capital letters, capital letters.

All right.

Take a look because I'm going to change something.

What's happened here? Okay, answer in two and look by process of elimination, we just did a sentence that wasn't like this, that meant that.

Well that's just talk through why this sentence means this.

These young men enter, these young men enter, that's fine.

Then, now, there was no iuvenes before and that meant then they.

But here do we see, we have a noun afterwards so therefore this is the demonstrative and it's acting like an adjective.

Then those young men leave.

Okay.

Got it? Of course you do.

So one more thing to look at with regards to demonstrative pronouns is how they are used with the comparison of adjectives, all right? They go well together.

This is the most delicious dinner, the most delicious dinner that I've ever had.

It is much more delicious than that dinner.

That dinner was the most terrible which I've ever had.

Okay.

Do we see how comparative adjectives and this and that, they sort of, they blend together well.

You'll see them together a lot when translating Latin.

Here we have this sentence, I've done a bit of step one already, but I've just left a few gaps.

This or that, this or that, hoc is? Two, one, this.

And illud is? That.

Okay, let's get this written in.

Hoc, this, pen's a bit too big and illud is that.

Done, do we see how here for quam I've put which or than.

We don't know yet.

All right, don't guess until we've properly figured it out.

It could mean whom, but I've cancelled whom, 'cause we're talking about a gift and you wouldn't say the gift whom you'd say the gift which.

Right.

Number, we're okay with singular or plural.

We've only got the one gift here it's going to be singular, both are singular.

Let's get onto step three.

The most important thing, which is these adjectives here.

Normally for step three, we'd just look at verb endings, who's doing the verb.

We look at nouns and are they singular or plural, nominative or accusative, but here we've got pulchrius, now this is a toughie, it's a difficult one here.

Let's just go over comparative quickly.

or comparison, quickly Right, Is the most or the More beautiful or, can't say beautifuller in English and The most beautiful.

Here, we've got pulchrius.

Can you tell me whether that's going to be positive, comparative or superlative in three, two, and one? Let's have a look.

It is.

Now this is a tricky form but I'm not letting you forget it, all right just because it's difficult and doesn't come up as much as the other ones.

Pulchrius, that clue is the I there.

Pulchrius is the neuter donum, is the neuter form of which is the comparative.

Now, if it's comparative, what word am I going to add here in order to make this sentence, in order to tell me it's comparative? It'll be, tell me, comparative is.

Beautiful, more beautiful, good.

So, and now the whole thing really should fall into place.

Okay.

Which is going to be now look, pronoun, nominative, verb, adjective, this is a, technically a preposition and illud would be pronoun again.

This gift is, tell me what the sentence means.

This gift is more beautiful.

Thank you, than that.

Let's just do eraser, let's just get rid of that there look.

Let's do a capital T and a full stop and we've got it.

Got it? Okay.

Watch out though.

I'm going to show you some other ones which might have Might have This gift is the most Is the most beautiful that or I have seen.

Okay, that might be coming up.

In fact, I'm pretty sure it is coming up.

Let's have a look.

What do you think? Good, so this one is just about recognising that hanc means this, okay.

Now, what's the difference between this sentence and this one, what's going on here? Okay, press pause if you need to, it's not easy.

Step number one is haec, is that going to be this or that? Haec is this.

So it's going to be one of these two and then we go to longissima and that's not longer, that's It's the longest.

Lovely.

Well done.

This is the longest letter which I have read.

What do you think? Okay, answer in three, two and good.

So this is about knowing that we've got no noun after illa, so it's not so that means this is going to be the superlative pronoun and not the demonstrative.

It's not going to mean that, it'll mean either she or it.

We're talking about a letter, which is a thing.

So you want it, great.

What about this one? Off you go.

Okay, answer in, press pause if you need to.

It's a tough question.

Answers in three, two, and.

This one, so we, first of all, we realised that this is going to be that and this.

So it's either this one or this one, and then we go singular or plural with a plural tabernae sunt, plural verb noviores, plural, plural.

So it's going to be those shops are newer than these.

How about that one? Your answer in, pause if you need to, in two, one, so here we've got this and that.

And they're both singular, taberna est.

Great, well done.

Now take a look at this sentence, 'cause I'm going to change it.

What's different now? Okay, answer in two, one, and there we go, good.

So we've still got this and that, but now we've switched to the plural, haven't we so it's these shops are newer than those.

What is the difference between those two sentences? Okay, answer in two, and now, so this one, you've got the pronoun, this is your third person pronoun 'cause there's no noun here so then she left.

Here you've got then that girl, do we see we've got the form of ille plus noun.

So that's demonstrative, that girl.

It's not the same necessarily as this girl.

So then that girl left or exited.

How about these two? Okay, again, pressing pause if you need to, it's a lot to take in but answers in two, and, right this one, ille vir, that's your demonstrative, that man, good, took the money.

Whereas this one is your third person.

Find him, there's no noun after ille so it's just he, he took the money.

Okay, nice, tough one, here's our last one.

Nice and difficult.

What's the difference between these two? Press pause if you need to, answers in three, two, and.

Here we go, so, you might see a demonstrative with a relative clause, find ille plus a noun.

So that's going to be demonstrative.

Find that man who took the money and this one's fine.

Eum always means him or it so find him.

Now is it that man, ille plus no noun, ille, he took the money.

Right, we're about ready to do our main task.

We're going to need all of the skills with all the examples that we've looked at so far.

Singulars and plurals, comparative adjectives, are we ready? Pressing pause, have a look at those six sentences there.

And never forget the challenge.

Have a look at that challenge there.

Okay, different coloured pen at the ready.

Let's have a little look and see how we did.

Press pause here, and in a few seconds, which for you will be maybe after two minutes, I will just talk through any tricky bits and also say, if you can use any synonyms or things like that.

Okay, so in terms of synonyms, you've got fiercer, if you wrote more fierce, that's fine by me.

If you just wrote you, but missed out the plural, you still get the tick, but please add the plural in now.

If you wrote remain, that's fine by me.

If you wrote this villa, that's also fine.

This young man took my money then he ran away is absolutely fine for fled.

Next, you can translate next he for deinde, can also mean next, that's fine too.

Answers for the challenge are here and all that's left is for you to complete the exit quiz.

And then after that, or before that, in fact for us to say goodbye to one another, valete.

But not before that, we're going to do which am I going to pick, which is three, two, one.

This or that? Hic is going to be this.

Ille is that.

Illi is going to be those.

And hunc, is this one.

And do you pronounce it hunk? No, you don't.

All right.

And I will see you, we'll practise some of these in the translation in our, which is going to continue to be about Ulysses and I will see you there in no time.

Valete, very well done.