Lesson video

Salvate, omnes! salve, magister! We're on to the second case in our unit about cases other than the nominative and accusative.

And this one is called the dative.

Let's have a look at that dative.

The dative case, learning objectives Ah, can I define and recognise the dative case? Can I translate the dative case in full sentences? And can I recognise and translate dative verbs in full sentences? Press pause here.

If you need to get to the items required for today's lesson, which includes these things there.

Does anyone need them? My thanks as always to these students who come prepared.

Right, let's have a look at some datives in action, see if we can figure them out.

So this is a sentence that is either identical or very similar to the one that we did in our story lesson, our translation lesson, which is on the genitives.

Now, if you've not, if you've come here before doing the genitive, then this will be a sort of nice intro for me.

Okay? Just let's have a listen to this bit, all right? Calchas, so the seer, the sort of auger of the gods, he said 'rex filiam sacerdotis reddere debet'.

All right,'debet'.

'Sacerdotis' was genitive, remember And we said this is the King ought to give back or to return the daughter of, genitive, of the priest.

Now, I'm going to make a change to that sentence.

Okay, Look what I've done.

By and large, it's exactly the same, except we've got 'rex filiam sacerdoti' alright.

And what changes when I changed the ending of that, now let's have a think.

It's not going to be of anymore.

It'll be another short word.

Colchas said the King ought to give back the daughter, giving back your daughter to, thank you, to the priest, 'sacerdoti' to the priest.

Now 'sacerdoti' means to the priest.

What do we think 'regi' is going to mean here? 'Achilles regi prameium tradere nolebat'.

Achilles, he 'nolebat', Did not want to hand over, 'trado', over his prize 'regi', it's not going to be the prize of the King, that would be 'is', It's going to be, he didn't want to hand over the prize, 'regi' to the King, thank you, 'regi', to the King.

And then last of all, what happened when the drama went up into Olympus at the end of the story last time and we had 'Volcanus nectar deis et deabus dedit' So 'dedit' is just gave, Vulcan, here he is The God of fire, he's the sort of the smith God, right? Vulcan gave nectar.

It's what the gods drink instead of wine, he gave it 'deis'.

Now not just to one god he gave it 'deis', he gave it to the, 'deis', to the gods, 'et deabus' and to the goddesses.

Good, okay.

What's just happened, what have we seen? Well, the dative is the indirect or otherwise known as the second object where you might say the indirect or second accusative.

It's expressed in English with to or for, to or for.

So we'll see that in a sec.

All the ones we saw just now were tos weren't they, yeah and in Latin sentence, the dative can come before or after the accusative.

Here it was second word it was before the acoustic.

But over here it was after the accusative.

Let's bear that in mind.

The key thing is though to or for when, I say dative you say to or for dative dative when I say dative you say to or for, dative , dative Got it? Now what's going to happen is there's certain verbs that will generate what sort of necessarily, or can sort of work with a second object or an indirect object.

And these are, I've termed them, verbs of giving or some of them aren't expressly giving.

So for example, you're not going to get a sentence with to or for someone or to or for the teacher with 'specto' okay.

Or with 'consumo' or something.

Right.

But you will get it with verbs of giving, particularly 'do' go to 'da-' meaning I give, I'm going to bring me in and need two other forms or two other verbs, which are, have a prefix on which are from 'do' and that's 'reddo' meaning I give back or I return not as in I returned home, not as if, when you physically move yourself, but as if you give something back, that form of return, I returned the gift.

Yeah.

So 'reddo', I return and 'trado' is not I trade but I hand over, okay, I hand over.

'Do' I give, 'reddo' I return, and 'trado' I hand over.

Do we see how these will go with dative? When I say dative, you say to or for.

I give something, accusative to someone, dative.

I've returned something, accusative to someone, dative.

I hand over something, accusative to someone, you tell me dative.

Now I'm going to add a few more.

We've got 'ostendo', I show, 'paro', I prepare, and 'quaero', I search for and I look.

These are ones where you're not going to have the to, but when I say dative, you say to or for, 'Ostendo', now I said, but in fact, 'ostendo' is I show something, accusative to someone, dative.

'Paro', I prepare something, accusative like 'canam' or 'cibum' for, yeah see that one's a for, for someone and that someone will be in the dative.

And last of all, quaero is I look for, Oh, that next thing is going to be in the dative then no, no, no, no.

I look for something now that's something that is being looked for.

Okay, therefore that's actually just the accusative.

This for is as part of the translation of 'quaero'.

That's a problem to do with English not with Latin.

Alright.

So 'quaero', I look for something, accusative for someone, dative.

Okay.

Now this is what they all look like.

All your dative endings in a table.

We're going to break this down because it's a lot of content to take in.

This is what it would look like with 'puella', 'amicus' and 'iuvenis', okay.

So first things first, we're going to look at singulars and do we see our dative endings are '-ae' '-o' '-i'.

Our dative and it's to or for.

'-ae' '-o' '-i' means dative two or four.

'-ae' '-o' '-i' means dative, tell me '-ae' '-o' '-i' means dative, your turn.

Means to or for, '-ae' '-o' means to or for.

Thank you.

So we see those endings on the end of, for example, 'puella', 'amicus' and 'iuvenis'.

And you're thinking to or for, the young man, 'iuveni'.

'amico', to or for the friend, 'puellae' to or for the girl.

Mr Furber, I've seen 'puellae' somewhere before, haven't I? Yes, I know we'll get onto that for a sec.

But for now we're looking at the singular and we're looking for tos and fors.

So we're going to play a quick game of spot the dative.

And if I land on a dative, I'm going to take a little tour of these nouns here if I land on a dative, I count down from two, one.

If it's dative, you then say to or for, but if it's not dative, then you say nothing whatsoever.

Okay.

Which am I going to pick? And countdown three, two one.

Which am I going to pick? Let's have 'amicum', two, one.

It's not dative.

'Amicus', two, one, it's not dative.

'Amico', two, one, to or for, one more time 'amico', two, one, to or for, let's have one last look I think some people have forgotten what endings we're looking for.

'-ae' '-o' '-i', okay, '-ae' '-o' '-i' which am I going to pick, let's have 'amicum' two, one, 'amico', two, one, to or for thank you.

'amicus' Two, one to or for.

No, it's not I'm joking.

'amicus' there's no to or for.

'iuvenem', two, one, nothing.

'puero' two, one, to or for thank you 'filiam' two, one, nothing.

'matri' two, one, to or for, good.

'iuveni' two, one, to or for.

'iuvenis' two, one, good.

'puella' two, one, 'mater' two, one, 'matri' two, one, to or for.

'puellae' two, one, to or for, good.

'puero' two, one, to or for.

And 'iuvenem' two, one, nothing.

'feminae' two, one, to or for.

Okay.

We've got the idea.

One more time.

'-ae' '-o' '-i' dative to or for.

Let's bring in the plural.

Now the great news about the plurals is, look.

The dative of ending and the plural for the first declension and the second dimension is exactly the same.

Not only that, alright, but you've got '-is' and then '-ibus', it's just '-is' but with a 'bu' in, that's fine.

Not only that, okay, but there's an 's' on the end.

So, you know, it's plural 'is' and we plural 's'.

That's like the accusative only, I mean, they look a bit like, I'll give you that, they look a bit like the accusative plurals but like those, you've got 's' on the end which shows you it's plural.

Okay.

But look, '-is' is different to '-as', you can see that.

And not only that, also you've seen these endings before.

These aren't completely alien to you, because if you've done the unit on ablatives with prepositions, then it's exactly the same endings as the ablative plural.

It's just you don't have preposition in there.

Yeah.

And so that means it's going to be to or for.

So '-is', '-ibus' dative, to or for '-is', '-ibus' dative to or for.

Okay.

And remember And this is what it looks like with 'puella' now, mr. Furber, that's all well and good actually, but I believe 'puellae', we just did something on that And 'puellae' two, one, to of for.

That was a dative singular, wasn't it 'puellae'.

I remember thinking something about it at the time Okay.

Yes, So we will get onto it.

And we'll be looking a lot in today's or this lesson, sorry about how to negotiate this '-ae' ending where it could be the girls, or it could be to or for the girl in the singular.

But for now just focused on '-is', '-is', '-ibus.

We're thinking dative, you're thinking to or for.

Now, which am I going to pick, I count down three, two, one.

Which are we going to pick? Let's have 'amici' two, one.

'amicos' two, one.

'amicis' two, one, to or for.

'feminis' two, one, to or for.

'filias' two, one.

'matres' two one.

'pueris' two, one, to or for.

'iuvenibus' two, one, to or for, one more time.

'iuvenibus' two, one, to or for, is it what, you're on a bus, no, 'iuvenibus', two, one to or for and 'iuvenes' two, one, good.

'amicos' two, one, 'amicis' two, one, to or for.

'puellae' two, one, nothing for now.

Because now it's time to move onto the full table.

A big, everything, you've got your singular tier and your plurals, now we scrutinise this '-ae' here and yes, correct.

Really well done for spotting.

That's '-ae', if you see a 'puellae' it could be to or for the girl, or it could be the girls who are doing something in the nominative.

Alright.

And the other problem is that word order doesn't help because they could both be first word as we're going to see.

Okay.

Because the dative can go either side of the nominative.

Focusing just on this '-ae', let's have a quick look what's going to happen is if you see an '-ae' ending when we play our quick, which am I going to pick a rounds, the third round.

If you see an '-ae' it's going to go like this.

You go 'puellae' two, one, to or for or nom plural.

Okay, one more time.

'puellae' two, one, to or for or nom plural.

'puellae' two, one, to or for or plural.

And now you're going to say, I'm not going to say anything.

'puellae' two, one, or good, 'filiae' two, one, or good, lovely, okay now we focus, We come back on this table and we focus on some other things that students might pick up.

Actually, you know what, I'm going to ask you to do this at a task.

Can you just spend five seconds trying to spot some endings which are the same.

We've seen that 'puellae' and 'puellae' over here.

We've got these similar endings here.

Are there any other endings on this table which are the same? and 'iuvenes' and 'iuvenes' I'll give you that.

Okay.

Have a look and 'puellis' and 'amicis' I'll give you that.

But other than that, have we got any more similar endings.

Five seconds.

Okay.

So the, really well done if just spotted them, the keen eyes at this point will say Mr Furber, I'm really confused because 'iuveni' means to, or for the young man.

But 'amici' means the friends and they're very different.

I don't know what I'm going to do.

Mr Furber I'm really confused because 'amicis' means two or for the friends, whereas 'iuvenis' these just means a young man.

How I can't, this is not a logical system, Mr Furber, this is chaotic.

I can't just rely on '-is' and know that's dative plural.

When there's a big 'iuvenis' there staring me in the face.

That's not to or for or anything I say, okay, calm down.

Let's just think it through.

First of all, at this stage, use the colours to help you at this stage, in the task we're about to do you won't actually have the colours for now, use them to help you.

Now, the other thing is, you're not allowed to transfer over.

You can't swap.

You can't change colours, okay.

Now 'amici' use your experience.

You've seen 'amici' key a bunch of times, you know that that's going to be nominative plural.

'iuveni' is new and different.

You've never seen that before, ever.

If that's the case if it's the pink '-i', right, then that means you is going to be dative in the singular.

Similarly, 'iuvenis', don't overthink it.

You know what 'iuvenis' means.

'Iuvenis' is like canis.

It's like navis.

It's like 'civis' as nominative singluars, it has an '-is' on the end.

Okay, whereas 'amicis', that's new and different.

It doesn't look like anything you've seen before.

So that one is dative plural.

So we should be able to get it just by practise, just by focusing on what's odd.

All right.

What's new, if it new looks new, it's the dative.

Okay.

Let's see.

You'll get it with practise.

We're going to go round and round.

Which are we going to pick, I'll count down three, two, one, which are we going to pick, let's have 'amicus' two, one.

'amico' two, one, to or for.

Let's just one more time over those endings.

'-ae', '-o', '-i' to or for, '-is', '-is', '-ibus' to or for this '-ae' one can be, shall we do one more round, 'puellae' two, one, to or for or nom plural.

Okay, good.

Right.

You're ready.

Which am I going to pick, count down three, two one.

Which am I going to pick, go on let's have 'amicus' two, one 'amico' two, one, to or for, thank you good.

'iuvenis' two, one, 'amici' two, one, 'amicis' two, one, to or for.

'iuveni' two, one, to or for, good.

'iuvenis' two, one, right one more time.

'iuveni' two, one, to or for now we're ready.

'amici' two, one, nothing, good, That just means friends, doesn't it? 'matres' two, one, nothing 'puellis' two, one, to or for, good.

'iuvenis' two, one, tricked you.

It's nothing, well done.

You've got me that time.

'amici' two, one, nothing, now ready, 'puellae' two, one, to or for or nom plural, good.

'amici' two, one, nothing yeah.

'filiae' two, one, to or for or nom plural.

'feminae' two, one, to or for or nom plural, yeah good, now , 'amici' two, one, nothing.

'amico' two, one, to or for, one more time 'amici' two, one, yeah.

'amico' two, one, to or for.

'iuvenibus' two, one, to or for.

'puellis' two, one, to or for.

'matribus' two, one, to or for 'amici' two, one, nothing, yeah.

'feminam' two, one, 'iuveni' two, one, to or for, and then last time.

'feminae' two, one, to or for or nom plural.

What you're going to do for me is do a table that looks like this, where you've got one line down one line down there, and one line, that's three lines are required two vertical, one horizontal our columns are labelled or titled nominative, accusative, dative, okay.

Does not have to be, as I always say, a blueprint of a time machine, give yourself one minute to make a table that it looks like that, go.

And it should be about 10 lines down maximum.

Okay.

So less than half a page in terms of its actual depths, like how far does on page.

Press pause to do that now for me, off you go.

Right, the actual task is as follows.

Hands completely free while I explain this.

So, you divide these nouns that are all down here.

You're essentially just writing up what we've just been doing verbally.

You divide into nominative, accusative and dative.

We know our dative endings.

Now there's a couple of things, When you get a dative, you translate it, that doesn't mean just writing down what the word means.

That means putting in.

When I say dative you say good, It means putting in a whatever, however you translate the dative.

It's to or for, right? We've put the to or for in, and if you have a plural, then put an 's' on the end for goodness sake, because it's plural.

Now there's going to be some, I think there's one of the endings here that can be both.

There's one of the endings that can be both.

I can't remember what it is.

To or for or nom plural, what was that one? Oh yeah, maybe it was yeah.

If you find there's one, that can be both.

Then you put it both in the nominative and the dative column.

Okay.

Right, getting on with that in two and go.

Okay.

Let's see how we did, different pen at the ready.

So very quickly, the order that you're putting them in may well be different.

You might have 'iuvenis' down here.

You might have 'amicus' up here.

All right, so that doesn't matter.

As long as the nouns are in the right place.

Really well done if you've got that 'feminae' 'filiae' are both nominative plural women, girls, and also dative singular, to or for the woman and 'filiae', to or for the daughter.

Well done if you've got the 'canibus' is like 'iuvenibus', okay, it's to or for the dogs.

'Deis' also is dative plural, to or for the gods.

Lovely press pause here to mark that.

Okay.

Now hands completely for free.

So we have a look at some of these in full.

No hold on what? Grammar, number two, a plot twist? Okay.

What's going on here? 'Achilles regi', okay that's dative, I know that, we're okay 'resistebat, sed dea viro persuasit:' "noli regem necare!"' So this is the scene, the famous scene where Minerva or Athena takes Achilles by the hair to stop him from killing Agamemnon.

Now we've got, let's have a little translate.

'Achilles Regi' two, one, to or for, I know that's a dative, it's going to be to or for the King.

Well, let's make it make sense then, Achilles was resisting to or for the King? Was he resisting for the King? Well, no he's resisting the King, he's against him.

So what, we don't need the to or for, but the goddess persuaded for the man, 'viro' that's like 'filio' or 'amico'.

So what? I don't need the to or for in these ones.

And then they said don't kill the King.

There's no dative in that one thank goodness.

Okay.

Let's have another look.

The Jupiter, 'Iuppiter deae Theti promisit.

' and 'Iuno marito non credidit.

' Okay fine, so look, I've got datives there, I know that, 'daea' that's like to or for, two, one.

That's two, one, to or for or non plural.

That's one of those ones.

Isn't it, that '-ae' ending.

So Jupiter promised to the goddess Thetis.

I suppose that makes sense.

And Juno did not believe to or for her husband, doesn't make sense.

Let's make it make sense, Juno did not believe her husband, over here.

Jupiter promised the goddess Thetis.

Do we see what's happening here? Which is that, I know I said something.

I did mention it on our learning objectives.

We've got these things called dative verbs that we need to take into account, which are some verbs, which take a dative instead of an accusative.

And therefore you don't translate the dative with these verbs as a to or for.

That sounds complicated, it's actually very easy.

Now the first thing we look at is just, we get a sense with one, two, three, four, five, six, here that I've given you, there are quite a few more, right? But these are the main six I'm going to give you.

And we'll look at a couple more actually, when we look at our translation lesson.

Now verbs, the dative verbs.

Okay.

These are ones where something is to do with communication, 'dico' is I say, 'persuadeo', 'promitto', 'respondeo'.

These one, two, three, four are to do with communication.

Now technically, 'dico' could take an accusative, but that's things being said.

So it would be 'dico verba' to say I say words, accusative, to someone dative.

Yeah.

I promise something.

I promise help, something like that for example, that's accusative, to someone that's dative.

So actually some of them technically aren't dative verbs, but they're just words where you'll see the dative with them more frequently and you'll see a dative without an accusative.

And some of the ones where they just don't take an accusative, like 'resisto' or 'credo' and you always see 'credo' plus dative I believe.

And then it's not going to have an 'm' on the end, It will be sort of 'puellae' or 'amico' or 'iuveni'.

Okay.

So just cast your eye over them, just familiarise yourself with those six verbs there.

Pressing pause to do so now, have a look.

The good thing about dative verbs is that actually most of them are really simple and easy to translate.

They're not hard words, 'credo', I suppose, is I trust or believe, is in incredible.

It's unbelievable.

But you know that word, that's easy, easy, easy, easy.

Okay.

So they're simple to translate, you've just got to keep your eye in because the words you'll see after them in front of them, actually in Latin sentence will not be intuitive to read in the dative.

Press pause.

Read them once over.

Okay, let's move on.

This is a Latin sentence, and I plan on translating it all by myself, it's a prestigious task.

Now 'filius cibum patri dat'.

It's always exactly the same step one.

So I get my ingredients I don't worry about, Ooh, ooh, ooh, 'patri', don't worry about it, okay, 'filius', son, 'cibum', food, 'patri', the father and 'dat', gives, step one done.

Now I look at my noun endings.

and I scrutinise the cases.

'Filius', it's not been changed in any way has it? So that is like 'deus' it's like, you know, we've seen a bunch of them already, 'amicus', that's going to be my nominative.

What letter do singular accusatives end in, 'm'.

So 'cibum', accusative.

Oop.

Now, 'patri', two one.

Ooh, 'patri', that's like it's, what they were '-ae', '-o', '-i' dative of to or for.

And in the plural was '-is', '-is', '-ibus'.

I say dative you say to or for.

'Patri' looks like 'iuveni' all right, So that is my dative.

And is it dative singular or plural? Well, I'm used to seeing an '-i' ending and thinking that's plural, but actually I know that 'iuveni' that's dative, singular.

It's not like 'amici' which means friends.

It's like 'iuveni', which means to, or for the young man.

So this is going to be my dative.

And then I always end with my verb.

Now, okay.

Step two done and time to move on, no.

Always make sure with your cases with datives, you don't just leave them there, you have to add something to your translation.

Okay.

And so here, we're going to be adding to.

Let's do it here.

To or for in front of front of them now.

Now, luckily all of our ones in here are all singular.

We did see that didn't we? Yes.

Now, verb endings, let's run through, it's going to be O S T R U, he.

So it will be, he gives the, in brackets, because I know who my nominative is.

And it's the son I've labelled that.

So I know I'm not actually going to translate he, I just need to bear that in mind.

And we put the whole thing together and our order is always going to be nom verb acc.

We're used to that and we're just adding dative on.

Nom, verb, acc, dat.

It's going to be that word, that word, that word, that word.

The son gives food to the father.

Now, you might be tempted to translate it as the son gives the father food, but to or for, to or for.

I know that works in English, but you must translate them as to or for.

Otherwise you won't know what's dative and what's accusative all right.

The son gives food to, it could be his, it's fine, but let's go for the father.

Take one and look at it because it's going to go in three, two, and let's have a look at another example.

Okay, here's one for you.

Similar thing, 'pater filio cibum dat' and 'filii patribus cibum dant'.

Hm.

Okay press pause if you need to.

Right, answers in two and there we go, what do we think? So look, father's doing the giving and we've got singular dative.

Here we've got some plurals sons and we've got in this plural here it's like 'iuvenibus'.

Or 'canibus' we saw on that task you just did.

Okay, the sons give food to the fathers.

Okay, example number two And it's one for you is do all by yourself.

'Pater filiis' what did that just mean, 'cibum dat'.

Pressing pause to complete this example in three, two, and off you go.

Okay, different colour pen at the ready, answers are coming up in two.

And here it goes, The father gives food to the sons.

Note how our order, the dative was over here the first time, but here it's been moved because he can go either side of the accusative.

Alright.

And also really well done again, this plural, '-is', '-is', '-ibus', they're your plural dative endings, to the sons.

Right? There's a couple of tricky things.

That's not too bad that, it's fine.

There's a couple of really difficult things we have to look at before we can move on.

And the first one involves those things that we've been looking at 'feminae', two, one, to or for or nom plural.

Okay.

What's wrong with 'feminae cibum paro'? Ten seconds there, what do you think's wrong with that? Three, two, one.

Now as always with these things, okay, Step one is all fine.

There's not been any mistranslations here.

Now the whole thing is going to hinge on the translation or the case of 'feminae'.

So 'feminae' can mean to or for the woman or non plural meaning women.

Here, this person's opted for women.

Now we can see what they've done there.

Okay? Cause this person's gone.

Well I know the 'feminae' that can be nominative plural.

I'm going to stick with nominative plural.

Right, now we have a look at our verbs.

We check out the person of 'paro'.

'Cibum' is accusative, isn't it, we've seen that a bunch of times, that's accusative.

We go to our verb which is 'paro' and who's doing it.

'O', it's going to be, I that's odd.

That's not what we expected.

I, so that's plus nom.

Now we've got this issue, this person thinks that this is a nominative.

We've got two nominatives.

Huh? I said what, the women and I, you might think that women and I, but there's no word for and here.

So what do we do, well the other thing is, look, it's not just going to be nominative non plural.

The other thing it was was to or for it could also be dative, couldn't it.

And if we've got a nominative, this has to be dative.

Now we put it together, now to the woman, to the woman or to or for the women.

Is 'feminae' to the woman or to the women or for the woman or for the women.

It's going to be for the woman singular.

Okay.

Now we put it together, following our endings, nom, verb, acc, dat.

That bit, that bit, that bit, that bit.

Where you should just go backwards, it's one of those Latin sentences.

And it's I prepare the, yeah, the food for the women.

Do we see how important it is to really scrutinise the endings? If this were 'parant', then it would be, I'm giving the game away, you'll be asked on this in a sec, and this would be the women prepare.

Cause that will be a they and that would agree with the nominative.

They, the women prepare the food because you've got 'O' here, that means this isn't nominative.

So our nominative is I, and therefore that has to be dative.

All right.

And so therefore it is one more time, I prepare and I'm going to go over here, It's a bit clunky, the food for the, the one more time, women or women? For the, thank you, singular woman, full stop.

Okay.

Not easy.

Alright.

In fact, probably the hardest thing we've yet done in Latin.

Right, take a look because we're going to do another practise example and it's going to go a little, something like that.

'Feminae cibum parant', I just told you what it meant.

This is, what is this I prepare is this they prepared.

This is the, yeah, good.

So this is the women, there they are the nominative, 'feminae' two, one, to or for or non plural because the people doing the preparing are they, and that nominative is cancelled out by the fact that this is a nominative.

Now, technically, while we're here, this could also mean really well done if you spotted this, it could actually mean they prepared the food for the woman All right, but context will tell you which one it is.

What's the difference between these two sentences here? Okay, three, two and good.

The first one is your dative one.

Cause there I'm doing the trading or the handing over.

Sorry.

I hand over the money to the woman.

Here, they're nominative, they're doing the handing over.

Now, example number four.

This one is a very, very similar mistake, but it's to do not with verbs, like 'trado' or 'do' this is to do with dative verbs.

'Amico respondet'.

I've seen this dozens of times translated as the friend replies.

Okay.

What's wrong with that? 10 seconds.

Three, two, one.

Now step one is always in these things is fine.

Look, we've got friend.

They've got the parts this person's just gone friend replies, put them together, I'm sure it's fine, The friend replies.

Our noun endings let's have a look.

'Amico' is, 'amico' two, one, to or for, so that's dative.

So it actually should be to the friend.

So that's where this started to get some issues here now.

Now this person might have gone.

Well it's a dative verb, so we don't need the to actually so it's still the friend replies.

Hmm.

Now then we look at our verb endings, O S T.

Who's doing the replying.

It's going to be, I you, he or let's go for, she.

Let's go for, he, because this person's thought that, now do we see what happened here? This person thought that the he of this verb was the same as this because they thought that 'amico' was nominative and if it were, 'amicus respondat', that would be, you have nominative, nominative over here, meaning he.

So they would agree, and it would be the friend replies, but here I've got a dative.

So actually you go down here, alright, we forget the accusative.

And it's going to be that bit, that bit, that bit, he replies to the friend.

Now, 'respondet' was on of those ones, I suppose a bit like 'promitto', where it doesn't take an object, you don't reply something.

You just reply to someone.

So actually you still need to translate your dative as to or for even though, as to, in this case, even though it's a dative verb and therefore it doesn't have an accusative, but the whole thing together one more time is going to be, he replies to the friend.

And the even more irritating thing is about this is that you're going to see this sort of thing in a story all right, where someone would have just been talking to their friend.

Okay.

And so there'll be the main character and their friends and the main character will go blah, blah, blah, 'amico respondet', and then students know that the person who's not the friend has just spoken and they'll write down the friend replies, it's like the friend wasn't speaking.

Use the story to, I'm sorry, I'm sorry I'm getting so upset about it.

Right? Use the story for context, all right, the story is doing some of the work for you.

That said, okay, there's no excuse for not really scrutinising your endings.

Either way, okay, this person got it wrong.

'amico respondet' is he replies to the friend, right? It's time for you to do some examples.

What's going to be 'iuveni promitto' and 'iuvenis promittit'.

Answers in two and use the verb endings to help you, that's I promise to the young man.

With promise you can either say, to the young man trying to get that dative sense in, or you can take the to out.

Okay.

Because it is a dative verb.

'Feminae persuades' and 'feminae persuadent'.

It's a nice hard one.

What's the difference between the two? Focus on verb endings, if you want to help.

Answers in two, and there you go.

Now, technically this one could also mean something else.

I'd be so delighted if you know what this also could mean.

It could be start there, '-nt'.

Great.

This can also mean, now use context in the story, this could also mean they persuade the woman.

Very nice.

Okay, we're ready.

Right.

six sentences.

If you have a look at that.

If you want to match any of these endings up, all right.

If you want to check, your endings, then go to slide two on the worksheets.

Okay.

Just take about 15 minutes Once you press pause and don't forget that challenge, I'll get onto that in a second.

My time in 15 minutes, your time pressing, pause, have a look.

Two, one off you go.

Now have a look at that challenge.

Okay.

Different colour pen time.

Well done.

How was that course? It was fine.

Wasn't it look, press pause here in a few.

After you've taken two minutes to translate, I will talk you through any tricky bits or you may listen to me doing the talking through bits now and then use that to inform your marking.

So first of all, hands over, it must be not trades.

All right here, believe if you translated it as trust, that's fine by me.

This must be singular spelt like that 'feminae', that singular dative.

Right? You prepare.

If you put the singular in, that's great for you.

Food for the dogs well done.

I always give a gift to the gods.

Really well done if you've got that, look.

I persuade the friend.

And then this one here I was trying to confuse you with these two '-ae's.

So really well done if you got it, the women show, sorry, the daughters show the way to the woman.

Just the one there okay, Cause you got that singular there.

Didn't you? So that's still just days of singular.

Great.

Here's your answers for the challenge or the one answer for the challenge.

And as always, there are two things left, and the second of them is that once you've marked and corrected your answers, you complete the exit quiz.

But the first one, before you do the exit quiz is that we say goodbye to each other.

When I say dative, you say to or for.

Dative dative When I say dative, you say to or for.

Dative dative Okay, great.

I'll see you on the translation lesson for the dative.

Extremely well done today and 'valete'.

Very well done.

Bye bye.