Lesson video

Hello there.

My name's Mr. Tilston.

I'm a teacher, and I'm excited and delighted to be working with you today on your maths lesson, which is all about time.

So, if you are ready, I'm ready, so let's begin.

The outcome of today's lesson is I can say the number of days in each month, year, and leap year.

Our keywords are my turn, month, your turn.

And my turn, leap year, your turn.

I'm pretty sure you've heard of months before, but maybe not leap year.

A month is one of the 12 parts of the year, and a year containing an extra day is called a leap year.

Our lesson is split into two parts or two cycles today, and the first one will be know the number of days in each month, and the second will be know how many days in a year.

So, if you're ready, let's begin by knowing the number of days in each month.

In this lesson, you're going to meet Izzy and Lucas.

Have you met them before? They're here today to give us a helping hand, and they are very helpful.

Izzy knows a song to help her remember the months of the year and their order.

Sing along with her when you think you know it.

So, this is a month of the year song, and it goes to the tune of a famous sea shanty.

Are you ready? It goes ♪ January, February, March, and April ♪ ♪ May, June, July, August, September ♪ ♪ October, November, and then December ♪ ♪ Those other months of the year ♪ That was pretty quick.

Shall we do that again, but a bit slower? Now, you ready? ♪ January, February, March, and April ♪ ♪ May, June, July, August, September ♪ ♪ October, November, and then December ♪ ♪ Those other months of the year ♪ One more time, ready? Go.

♪ January, February, March, and April ♪ ♪ May, June, July, August, September ♪ ♪ October, November, and then December ♪ ♪ Those are the months of the year ♪ Catchy, isn't it? So, these are the months of the year in order.

So, it goes January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, and December.

What do you notice? Hmm.

Well, a year is split into 12 parts.

There are 12 months in a year.

So, you could say there are 12 parts to the year.

January has 31 days.

So, that's our first fact for the day, January has 31 days.

So, is the year made of 12 equal parts? Do all the months have 31 days? What do you think? Well, many of the months do, not just January, some other ones do as well.

Do you know anymore? March has got 31 days as well, and May's got 31 days, and July's got 31 days, and August has got 31 days, and October has got 31 days, and December has got 31 days.

Those are the months that have got 31 days.

But the ones that you can't see yet, haven't they've got a different number? Some of them months have 30 days.

So, you can see we've got five months left.

Some of them have 30 days, let's have a look.

Well, April, that's one of them.

So, April doesn't have 31 days like all the other months that we've learned so far, it's got 30 days.

June has got 30 days, September has got 30 days, and November has got 30 days.

That just leaves one.

I wonder if you can spot which one is missing.

Which one haven't we talked about yet? It's after January, look, and before March.

It's February and it's special.

Sometimes it has 28 days and sometimes it has 29 days.

So, that's a special month.

So, the year is, in fact, made of 12 unequal parts.

So, if you have a look at the screen now, you can see those bars have changed slightly, some are a bit shorter than other ones to represent the fact that the months are unequal.

So, the months could be put into three groups according to their length.

So, we've colour coded them, look.

So, we've got January, March, May, July, August, October, and December.

They're your 31 days months.

And then, we've got April, June, September, and November, they're your 30 days months.

And then, finally, just on its own, on a group on its own, we've got February, so that's a different colour.

Right, let's do a check.

Use the colours to help you say how many days each month has.

So, hopefully you know the order of the month already.

Use the colours as a little clue about how many days each month has.

If you've got a partner with you, fantastic.

Work with them and see if you can agree each time.

Pause the video.

How did you get on? Let's have a look.

So, January has got 31 days.

February, now that's not the same colour is it? That's got a different number.

Remember, it's all in its own, that's 28 or 29 days.

March has got the same colour look as January, so that's a clue.

That's 31 days.

And then, we've got a new colour here.

So, what's after March? It's April, that's got 30 days.

So, all the blue ones have got 30 days.

We've got another one that's the same colour as January and March.

That's May, that's 31 days.

What's after May? It's June, look at the colour of June, that's a 30 day month.

Then after June, it's what? July.

Look at the colour, how many days? 31.

And then what's after July? That's August.

How many days? 31.

And then, we've got after August, can you remember? September, how many days? Look at the colour, 30.

After September, what we've got? Another one that's the same colour as January.

That's October, that's 31 days.

We've got another blue one coming up.

That's November, that's 30 days.

And finally, what's the last month of the year? It's December.

Well, how many days? 31.

So, well done if you remembered those.

Izzy says, and you might have thought this yourself as well, "How can I remember how many days each month has?" Hmm, well, there is a famous poem that helps you to remember, and it goes like this.

"30 days have September, April, June and November.

All the rest have 31 excepting February alone, which has but 28 days clear, and 29 in each leap year." Now, you're not going to remember that after hearing it just once, so you're going to practise it.

Practise reading the poem with your partner.

Practise as many times as you like.

There is another way to remember using your knuckles.

And what you're going to do is make two fists just like that.

Can you see? Make two fists like that.

The knuckles represent mountains and the spaces in between represent valleys.

So, if I just show you one nook, it's my knuckles, so that's a mountain, that's a valley, mountain, valley, mountain, valley, mountain.

Get it? Now, going left to right, the mountains are the months with 31 days and the valleys are the months with 30 days or less.

So, let's have a look.

So, the mountains are the 31 days.

So, we start with January, so mountain, 31 days.

February, it's a valley.

So, it's not got 31, it's got 28 or 29.

March is a mountain, 31.

April's a valley, 30.

May is a mountain, 31.

June is a valley, 30.

July is a mountain, 31.

August is a mountain, 31.

September's a valley, 30.

October is a mountain, 31.

November is a valley, 30.

And December is a mountain at 31.

I like that way of remembering.

Equality and inequality symbols can be used to compare the number of days in each month.

Izzy is writing some sentences using the symbols, and Lucas is checking.

She's written, "The number of days in September equals the number of days in November." And Lucas says, "You're right, Izzy! They both have 30 days." So, that was the correct symbol to use, the equality symbol.

This time she's written, "Number of days in March, hmm, number of days in November." What is that symbol? Can you remember? Well, Lucas says "That's not right, Izzy.

You might be mixing your symbols up." I think she is 'cause that means less than.

But March has more days than November, so she's got the symbol the wrong way round.

It should have been March is greater than November.

Just like that.

Now we've got it.

"That is better!" says Lucas.

Let's do a check.

Complete this statement in different ways.

So, the number of days in May, hmm, I won't tell you what the symbol means, hopefully you know.

The number of days in May, hmm, number of days in, hmm.

So, how many different ways can you complete that sentence? Pause the video.

How many ways did you find? Well, it's a greater than symbol.

So, the number of days in May is greater than the number of days in whatever.

Now, in May we've got 31 days, so your possible responses are anything that's not got 31 days.

So, you could say February, April, June, September, and November.

They've all got 30 days apart from February, which is a special month, and that's got 28 or 29.

So, any of those were possible.

So, well done if you got all five of those.

Time for some practise I think.

Write the months of the year into the correct circle.

So, which ones have got 28 or 29 days? Which ones have got 30 days? And which ones have got 31 days? And there's a little reminder about what the months are, should you need it.

And if you're struggling with spelling any of the months because some of them are quite tricky, you could use that to help as well.

Number two, write the months of the year on 12 different sticky notes.

Use equality and inequality symbols to compare the number of days in each month in different ways, and do as many as possible.

And we've got some examples just here, look.

Number three, Andeep's birthday is on the 30th of June.

Jacob's birthday is the day after.

When's Jacob's birthday? Aisha's birthday is on the 29th of October.

Jun's birthday is four days after.

When's Jun's birthday? And the number of days in three consecutive months, consecutive means one after the other, is 91.

Which months could it be? And is there more than one answer? Quite a lot to think about in that one.

Pause the video.

Good luck with that.

Enjoy, and I'll see you soon for some answers.

Welcome back.

How did you get on? Well, the month with 28 or 29 days is February, that's the only one.

The 30 days ones are April, June, September, and November.

And the 31 days are January, March, May, July, August, October, and December.

And write the months of the year on 12 different sticky notes and use the equality and inequality symbols.

Lots of things you could have said.

You could have said May equals July 'cause they both got 31.

April is less than December 'cause April's got 30, December's got 31.

January is greater than June.

February, it's less than April, which is less than March because February has got 28 or 29 days, and then April's got 30 and March has got 31.

And if you are using those two less than symbols together, February had to be the first one.

And likewise, when we use those greater than symbols, we could, for example, say July is greater than June because July's got 31 days, June's got 30, and that is greater than February.

So, if you are using two greater than symbols, February has got to be the last month in your list.

And Andeep's birthdays on the 30th of June.

Well, that's the last day in June.

So, if Jacob's birthday is the day after, that means his birthday's the 1st of July.

Aisha's birthday's on the 29th of October, that's got 31 days.

So, if Jun's birthday's four days after, then his birthday is the 2nd of November.

And the number of days in three consecutive months, 91, which could it be? It could go January, February, March, that equals 91, or April, May, June, that equals 91, or June, July, August, that's 91 days, or September, October, November, 91 days, or December, January, February, that's an unusual one 'cause that there's a new year in the middle of that.

Are you ready for cycle two? I think you probably are.

Let's know how many days in a year.

Izzy says, "I wonder if there's a way to use all of this information to work out how many days there are in a year?" Hmm, what do you think? Have you got a good idea? She says, "Maybe we could add together all of the days from each month." Oh, that would work, wouldn't it? "Hmm, I've got an idea about how we could do that," she says.

Oh, I see what she's doing.

Very clever, Izzy, so she's put together all of the months that have got 31 days.

That's January, March, May, July, August, October, and December.

We could start by adding together the days from those months.

So, if you add 31, add 31, add 31, add 31, add 31, add 31, add 31, it would give you 217.

So, if you add together the days in all of those months, you've got 217 days.

And then, she's grouped together the 30 days ones, that's a bit easier to work out.

30 add 30, add 30, add 30, and that gives you 120.

Then, we could add those numbers together and finally add the number of days in February.

So, we've got 270 plus 120 plus 28, and that equals 365.

That's when February's got 28 days, but sometimes it's got 29 days.

So, what we've gotta do is adjust that by 1, add 1 more onto it, and that gives us 366 days.

So, there are 365 or 366 days in a year.

I want you to shout that.

I'll do it first and you do it after.

Ready? There are 365 or 366 days in a year.

Now ,you do it.

Goodness, that was loud.

Now, say it slowly.

I'll go first.

There are 365 or 366 days in a year.

Can you do it that slowly? Off you go.

That was slow.

What about saying it quickly? That's more of a challenge.

You ready? I'll have a go first.

There are 365 or 366 days in a year.

(gasps) Can you do that? Off you go.

That was quick.

What about saying it in a silly voice? I'm going to say it in a really high voice.

(Mr. Tilston clears throat) There are 365 days or 366 days in a year.

Can you say it in a really silly voice? Off you go.

That was silly.

Now, we're gonna whisper it.

I'll do it first.

There are 365 or 366 days in a year.

You do it.

Here's a riddle.

Izzy is 8 years old, but she's only had two birthdays.

Well, how's that possible? Hmm, you might want a little bit of time to think about that.

How's it possible that she's only had two birthdays despite being 8? Poor Izzy.

Well, Izzy's birthday is on the 29th of February, and this only happens once every four years, as we will see, and this is called a leap year.

So, that's our key word.

So, people born on that day usually celebrate their birthday on the 28th of February or the 1st of March, but that's not their official birthday, when it's a non-leap year.

So, they don't miss out on their birthdays, they just don't have official ones.

The calendar years follow this sequence.

Every fourth year is a leap year.

When it's a leap year, the year has an extra day.

This is why every four years, February has 29 days.

So, you might have some counters, some two coloured counts in front of you and you can make the sequence that follows the leap year.

So, in this case, look, it goes yellow, yellow, yellow, red.

So, non-leap year, non-leap year, non-leap year, leap year.

Yellow, yellow, yellow, red.

Yellow, yellow, yellow, red.

Yellow, yellow, yellow, red.

And that's the sequence that is followed by leap years.

So, non-leap year, non-leap year, non-leap year, leap year.

Non-leap year, non-leap year, non-leap year, leap year.

Non-leap year, non-leap year, non-leap year, leap year.

Non-leap year, non-leap year, non-leap year, leap year.

That's how it goes, follows that sequence.

And the calendar years follow the same sequence.

Every fourth year is a leap year.

And when it's a leap year, the year, sorry, has an extra day, which is why February sometimes has 29 days.

So, it goes 365 days, 365 days, 365 days, 366 days.

What's coming next? 365 days, 365 days, 365 days.

What's next? 366 days.

What's next? 365 days, 365 days, 365 days.

What's next? 366 days.

What's next? 365 days, 365 days, 365 days, 366 days.

So, you can see most years have 365 days, but once every four years, 366 days.

So, in your lifetime so far, you've probably had a couple of years where it's been 366 days.

So, there are 366 days in a leap year.

So, when we say leap year, we mean a year with 366 days in.

Shout it.

I'll do it first.

There are 366 days in a leap year.

You do it.

Say it slowly.

Ready? There are 366 days in a leap year.

You do it really slowly like that.

Now, can you say it quickly? I'll do it first.

There are 366 days in a leap year.

You do it.

That was quick, well done if you managed to get that out.

You're going to say it in a silly voice.

Okay, I am going to do it this time I'm thinking a monster voice, like a monster voice.

There are 366 days in a leap year.

Can you do it in a silly voice? It doesn't have to be a monster voice, can be any voice.

Off you go.

I like it, that was silly.

Now, you're going to whisper it.

There are 366 days in a leap here.

You do it.

Fantastic.

Right, let's have a check.

Look at these arrangements, which one shows non-leap years and leap years correctly? Have a look at them, which one is correct? Pause the video.

Did you get it? Which one is it? It is C because that shows that once in every four years is a leap year.

So, the leap years are multiples of 4 and are even numbers.

We can count on and back in 4s to find the next and previous leap years 2024 was a leap year.

What year is the next leap year? So, if it's every four years, you need to add on 4 more to 2024.

What will it be? That's what Izzy is doing, counting on 4.

And the next multiple of 4 is 2028, so 2028 is a leap year after 2024.

2024 is a leap year.

Say the years after that in order all the way up to 2035.

And here's what you're going to do.

You're going to stand up if it's a leap year and then sit down if it's a non-leap year, okay? Right, are you ready? I'll do that with you.

Okay, so remember, stand up if it's a leap year, sit down if it's a non-leap year.

2024, 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028, 2029, 2030, 2031, 2032, 2033, 2034, and finally 2035.

Hopefully did lots of standing up and sitting down there.

And you should have sat down for 2025, 2026, 2027, and then stood back up for 2028, that's a leap year.

And then, sat back down for 2029, 2030, 2031, and then stood back up for 2032, that's a leap year.

And then, sat back down for 2033, 2034, and 2035.

Well done if you got those.

Time for some independent practise.

So, number 1, how many days are there in a non-leap year? And then in a leap year? Number 2, label these sorting circles then add the following years to the sorting circles.

So, how many days are there in 2039, 2023, and 2011? How many days are there in 2000, 2020, and 2024? And then, add these to the circles, 2017, 2048, 2014, and 2036.

And when you've done that, you might like to add some of your own examples into the circles.

So, how many days are they in a non-leap year? 365.

And how many days are they in a leap year? 366.

And those are the facts that I'd really like you to take away from this part of the lesson.

And then, those sorting circles.

So, the first one is 365 days, these are the non-leap years.

And the second one, 366 days, those the leap years.

And 2017 and 2014 would go in that circle, and 2036 and 2048 would go in that circle because they're the leap years, so all the multiples of four.

What extra years did you add? Or we added 2040, which is a leap year, and 2042, which is not.

We've come to the end of the lesson.

I've had great fun in this lesson, I hope you have too.

So, today's lesson has been knowing the number of days in each month, year and leap year.

So, we had that poem, I'm gonna read it to you one more time, "30 days have September, April, June and November.

All the rest have 31 excepting February alone, which has but 28 days clear, and 29 in each leap year." When the days of these months are added together, they equal either 365 days or, on a leap year, 366 days.

It's been huge fun and a really great pleasure working with you today.

I do hope I get the chance to work with you again in the near future on a different maths lesson.

But until then, take care and goodbye.