Lesson video

Hi there.

Welcome to today's lesson.

I'm Mrs. Brookes and I'm going to be teaching you today.

We're gonna be looking at the topic of planes of movement and axes of rotation, but we're gonna be focusing more on what they look like in action.

So we're gonna be looking at a variety of sporting examples.

We're gonna have lots of fun and hopefully you guys are gonna do brilliantly.

By the end of the lesson, we will feel confident or much more confident at identifying those planes of movement and those axes of rotation.

But more importantly, we will have had lots of opportunity to apply those to a variety of sporting examples.

Now, I'll probably say to you that that's a good thing for you to do to continue your learning.

I've given us lots of opportunity to look at different sports, but the more we continue to do that, the better that will will be as we move towards the exam.

It's easy to go with sports that we play and also the ones that we watch, but we could be presented with a sport that maybe we aren't familiar with.

And that's important that we look at those because then it'll be easy to understand or easier to understand how they're moving and if there is some rotation, what axes of rotation that is taking part.

So come with me, let's look at different examples, but note that that will be something you'll want to continue to do with lots of other sporting examples when you can.

Okay, our keywords for the lesson are very much linked to our axes of rotation.

Remember that axes is an imaginary line and it runs through the body and will determine where rotation takes place.

We have our transverse axes and that is a line of rotation that goes from side to side or through the hips.

We also have our longitudinal axes.

Similarly, that's still that line of rotation, but this time, rather than go through the hips, it's going from the head to the toe.

We also have our sagittal axes, S for sagittal, S for stomach, and that was a quick reminder that axes went through the body from front to back or through the belly button.

And there are three axes of rotation.

We know now that these are all partnered or paired up with a plane of movement.

So a reminder that that plane is also imaginary, but rather than being a line, it's a flat surface and that will run along the body, dividing it into halves and will determine where movement takes place.

So for today, we're gonna first of all remind ourselves of those partners or those pairs and start to link them to sporting examples.

And then we will build on that and look at more sporting examples, specifically those joint movements that will occur within those sporting examples.

So let's get started.

We're gonna look specifically, first of all, at remembering those planes and axes.

Now Jacob is asking us here if you can remember the rhyme where we talked to try and link the plane of movement with the axes of rotation.

Some of you like Aisha may have come up with your own rhyme.

And Aisha tells Jacob here that she's created her own , and that sounds like: "Sound Technique From Squats equals Toned Legs." Do you like this one? I do.

I actually prefer it to mine.

And I can see what Aisha's trying to do there in terms of reminding ourselves of those partners.

So "Sound technique from squats equals toned legs." It's very similar to mine.

Mine was "Sometimes fun starts too late." Now let's have a quick recap.

Can we remember how this links to those planes of movement and those axes of rotation? Now we can see here we have our three planes of movement.

Hopefully you can see on those three images we have that flat surface dividing the body into the two halves.

If we start with the image on the left here, you can see we have that sagittal plane.

And if we go back to Aisha's rhyme, "Sound Technique," T for technique, T for transverse axes.

And we've just learned that that axis is the one that goes from side to side and through the hips.

So if we can just take a minute, sometimes it's good if you have something where you can use Play-Doh or anything that will allow you to just create that body or that 3D body.

So you can see here, I've got an example there exactly of that sagittal plane.

So it's divided my Play-Doh or my body into left and right.

So that means that movement will be forward and backwards if we link that to our axes, our line of rotation, as we can see in the image there, that is going through the hips from side to side.

So you can see as I'm now using my sweet here, I'm allowing this rotation to take place.

In that middle image, we have that "From squats." So the "from" is that frontal plane.

And if I show you with my Play-Doh here, slightly different one here, we have now got our individual being made and we've got the front and the back, and we can see our simple bit of paper or card is dividing that body into front and back.

So that's the frontal plane and that will do that sideways movement, and that's paired with our sagittal axes.

So if I take our axes of rotation again, with this one, we would go through the stomach or through the belly button just like on the image there and then that would allow us to do that sideways rotation.

And last but not least, probably a little bit of a more fiddly one with the Play-Doh.

But we can see here we've got that "Toned legs." So we've got that transverse plane, and what that's doing is that's dividing it into upper and lower body.

So if I can take my Play-Doh here and my simple bit of card, you can see how I have the top part of the body and then the legs at the bottom there and that piece of card is dividing that body into upper and lower half.

So that's our transverse plane and that is partnered with, last but not least, the axes rotation that goes through.

It's gonna go through the sweet here, going from head to toe, and we know that is our longitudinal axes.

And then we can see as I'm showing you here on the camera how we've got this type of rotation.

Okay, so either say it after me or say your own, "Sound Technique From Squats equals Toned legs." I would love to be able to hear the ones that you've come up with 'cause I'm sure they will all be in a way that will allow you to remember these pairs.

Now Jun, Andeep and Sofia have been learning about planes of movement for a few lessons now, and they are trying to think about when they play netball, what those, you know, some examples of when those planes of movement are actually being used.

Now Jun tells us that when he runs towards the ball, he's running forwards to catch it.

So that reminds him that that's the sagittal plane, the one that divides you into left and right and has that forward and backwards movement.

Sofia develops that and tries to think about the frontal plane and that sideways movement.

And she thinks about when she actually moves to the side to get away from her defender.

And we often, if you play netball we refer to that as a "dodge" or "getting free." And Andeep adds to that, thinking, well the only plane we haven't really discussed at this point is the transverse plane, and that's the one that involves that rotation.

And he thinks, well, when we jump, often we try and turn in the air to be able to then catch the ball and land the way that we are then playing.

So he talks about that transverse plane about when you're rotating around that longitudinal axes.

Now you, at this point, might want to pause the recording and think if you can do the same as these three but maybe link it to a sport that you play or are confident in.

We however, are just gonna see this in action.

So this is like Jun, we can see here our player is moving towards the ball forwards to be able to catch that ball.

So this is working in that sagittal plane.

Our player here, like Sofia, is trying to get away from that defender and you can see she's transferring her weight and moving sideways to dodge so she can then catch the ball.

So she's moving in the frontal plane.

On our final player like Andeep, she's keeping her eye on the ball, look.

And she catches it but because she wants to face the way of the net, she turns in the air, and that's her catching the ball in the transverse plane.

So let's have a quick check of our pairs.

We've got our question here.

Which of these axes of rotation is paired with the frontal plane? I'll give you five seconds to decide.

Well done.

It's that sagittal axes.

How many of you used your rhyme at this point? "Sound Technique From Squats equals Toned Legs." So we can see there, we've got an example in that checkpoint of the "from squats," the frontal plane linked with the sagittal axes.

Now remember I was keen for you to look at as many sporting examples as you can.

We don't wanna get overwhelmed by that, but equally we want to be prepared for any sporting image being given to us and us been able to kind of try and identify what the direction of movement is, and if applicable, which axes of rotation has been used.

So we can see on the slide here we've got our sagittal plane and our transverse axes, and we've got some examples of where an athlete is going to be rotating, and the axes of rotation is that side to side and through the hips.

So we can see the snowboarder on the left there, it looks like they've gone in the air to do a trick and then they're rotating backwards before landing on the board.

We've got our gymnast that's doing what we would call a back flip as part of a tumble.

And you can see quite clearly where our axes of rotation has been added.

And then finally we have our diver, that looks to me like it might be a high platform diving board, and she's in a pike position but she's rotating forwards or backwards.

But either way she's definitely going round that transverse axes that definitely is going through her hips to allow that rotation to take place before she hits the water.

So if we were to link this to our plane, we can see quite clearly there from that image this individual is doing a forward roll, and you can see how that's moving along that frontal, sorry, that sagittal plane.

So doing that forward and backwards movement.

Okay, if we could think of some other sports, now, we have the transverse plane and the longitudinal axes.

Remember Andeep and our netballer, they were running and turning in the air to be able then to catch the ball.

Alright so we're using that longitudinal axes.

Take a look at those, and could you just picture that rotation happening in those three sports? So for our discus thrower, can we imagine how she will then rotate before letting go of that discus to add some power and some momentum so it will be thrown as far as possible, 'cause that's what we're trying to do in that discus event.

Our figure skater, or ice skater looks like she's jumped off the ice and is then rotating her whole body, a little bit like our, if you remember our longitudinal axes here, she's definitely doing that in the air.

I imagine she might be doing it once, twice, even three times depending on the level she's competing at.

And then we'll try and land from that without falling over and that will get her as many points as possible from the judges.

And similar to our dancer, our dancer is very much about how that looks and the aesthetics and trying to make it as appealing to whoever's watching, whether that's the audience or the judges.

And we can see in this instance she's like our jelly baby, she is rotating this way, maybe a little bit like a pirouette as part of her dance move or motif.

So we mentioned the pirouette there.

So we can just see that kind of rotation like this and those movements that are happening around or along the transverse plane, that was the plane that divided into upper and lower body.

And last but not least, if we just look at that frontal plane and we now know that's paired with our sagittal axes, a really good example of that is that cartwheel.

Okay, so that sideways rotation.

If we go back to our Play-Doh, we can see that we've got our plane of movement that's divided into front and back.

And if we then try, if they were to then rotate, they would be going this way, along that frontal plane, and that rotation would be around the sagittal axes.

So that line would be going through the belly button through the stomach to allow that rotation to take place.

And we can see on there, where that line exists on our gymnast, and then also that plane of movement dividing that body into front and back.

So lots of sporting examples there to one, show that plane of movement that axes of rotation but also to allow us to get confident with different sports and not fear a question on them if it's a sport that we aren't as familiar with.

So let's have a little check that we are feeling more confident with that We are being given three sporting examples here and we're being asked to see which one of these moves along the transverse plane and rotates around the longitudinal xis.

So just pause for five seconds, think about where that line would go and where you would have that bit of paper or that flat surface.

Really well done.

If you remember that that was our discus thrower because she's going to be rotating around that longitudinal axes before she releases that discus.

And that plane of movement will be that plane that divides you into that upper and lower body, which is a really nice link into our first task.

Now I've tried to show with you already as part of the lesson how we can perhaps use simple things like sticks and sweets.

We even have some Play-Doh and some pieces of paper, or pieces of card.

It doesn't have to be that.

It might be that you have some boxes around you, you have some pencils, some sticks.

But I would like you to be creative and you've got three sporting examples there, three of which we've already seen as part of our learning.

We have our snowboarder that's doing a a rotation trick in the air before landing back on the snow.

We have our dancer that's doing a movement as part of that motif to try and make it look good for the audience or the judges.

And we also have our gymnasts doing that cartwheel which often takes place on the floor but we can see it happen on a beam or on some apparatus as well.

And what we'd like you to do is use those implements to show the axes of rotation and that plane of movement for each of those three sporting examples.

Pause the recording, have some fun and come back to me when you're ready.

How did you guys do? I would love to see some of the equipment you have used.

I'm just gonna share with you how that would've looked to using the sweets.

So for our snowboarder, you can see on the screen there we've got that transverse axes being shown as going through the hips from side to side, and we know that's linked with our sagittal plane.

So we can see there our sweet has actually been divided quite correctly into left and right.

For our dancer, we've got a different axes and we've got that longitudinal running from head to toe through the sweet, and then that plane of movement that it's paired with showing that sweet being divided into upper and lower body.

And finally for our cartwheel, we can see that that axes has gone through the sweet from front to back through the belly button and then the plane of movement is frontal plane.

So that's been divided into front and back.

Hopefully that's been really useful for you to kind of remind yourselves, one, of the pairings, but two, feel confident to link both an axes of rotation and a plane of movement to sporting examples that are given to you.

So we are going to build on that now and go on to our second part of the lesson where we're going to still use our axes of rotation and planes of movement but maybe go a little bit deeper into actual joint movements as opposed to whole body rotations.

So let's go back to our netball and we'll pick a specific skill.

And we can see here we have our netball player who is quite simply doing a chest pass.

So the ball starts at her chest and then she's pushing it forwards to often pass that to another player.

And we can see we have flexion of the elbow joint.

So that angle at the joint has been decreased, and that moves to extension, which is when that angle has increased in order to push the ball forwards.

Now a keyword there was forwards.

Alright, so this is a forwards and backwards movement which we remember from our whole body rotation.

Therefore that is the sagittal plane which is partnered with the transverse axes.

So flexion and extension occur along the sagittal plane around the transverse axes.

So let's just have a quick check and remind ourselves of what flexion looks like.

One of these images shows flexion.

Five seconds.

Can you decide which one it is? Well done.

It is in fact our image A.

We can see there, our footballer.

The knee joint in that kicking leg as that athlete prepares to kick the ball is actually inflexion because the angle at the joint is decreased.

Whereas in B we can see that the angle of the elbow joint has actually increased, which is extension.

And likewise for our footballer, that's the point of where there's been contact with the ball.

Therefore that has also had extension at the knee.

What we've now learned though is for all those three images, that will take place in the sagittal plane and rotate around the transverse axes.

Okay, it might be a good opportunity for you to get out your seats now and do a star jump.

And just remind yourselves of what movements a star jump uses.

And you can see there, as it says in the slide, we have that abduction and adduction of the shoulder and the hip joint.

Which joint do we find in the shoulder and the hip? Hopefully you are all shouting at the screen that that's the ball and socket joint.

But as we know, if I can show you with my arms, obviously they would come out, which is abduction and then as we add them or take them back to our body, that is adduction.

Now as I showed you that on the screen there, we've got that sideways movement, right? And we remembered from our cartwheel that that sideways movement takes place along the frontal plane and the frontal plane is paired with the sagittal axes.

So we've got some examples there of abduction and adduction and know now that that's the frontal plane and the sagittal axes.

And finally, I'm going to show you some images of a slam ball exercise.

Now what this person is doing here is probably near a wall or in a safe environment, and he is holding the ball, sometimes they're quite heavy, and has got it at one side of his body, and he then rotates that body, and as he does, brings the ball in front of his upper body and then either throws it against a wall or to someone else who might be catching it.

Alright, so you can see hopefully, maybe you could stand up and do that same movement and you would just be rotating that top part of your upper body.

Now the keyword there is rotation.

And we've talked about that with our discus thrower, with our dancer doing a pirouette, with our figure skater.

Even though they were going all the way round, our individual here that's using the slam ball is not going all the way around but still using that same kind of movement, that rotation of that upper body.

So that is moving along the transverse plane which we now know is paired with the longitudinal axes.

So, a quick check.

Which of these images shows abduction of the shoulder? Five seconds to decide.

Well done.

Our dancer and our diver are using the shoulder joint but for the diver, that's just to hold onto the legs to stay in that pike position and stay nice and tucked up.

Whereas our dancer is just having them near the upper body to make that look aesthetic and pleasing.

Whereas we can see our athlete there has done that star jump, which we've learned already, does have that abduction of the shoulder joint where those arms are taken away from the midline.

Okay, really nice opportunity to try and get that into a resource or a table to allow you to remember those pairings but also link them to sporting examples.

So we have a table here with three sports in the left.

For the footballer, we can see we've got that preparing to kick action and the knee joint has been outlined.

We've got our star jump and then we've also got our discus thrower.

We would like you to make sure you could complete each of those empty boxes, whether that is picking the right joint, what movement has taken place, and then more importantly, think about that flat surface and that axes of rotation, that line, and select the correct plane and the correct axes.

We don't have to worry about the discus thrower for the joint because that's actually a whole body movement.

Once you've done Task One, that's a nice link into Task Two where I'd like you to choose a team sport, just one, and one individual sport.

And for both of those, describe the plane and axes used within two specific movements.

Take yourself right back to the start when we saw our three netballers and we gave three different examples from netball where the different planes of movement were used.

Now this task is very similar.

It would be nice if you could choose a team and an individual that we've not spoke about yet.

But if you need to use some of the examples used within today's lesson, that is also fine.

But we're just looking for two movements of your choice and then you share with us which plane of movement and which axes of rotation has been used.

Pause the recording and come back to me when you're ready.

Okay, welcome back.

So for our table, Task One or the first part of that task, how did we do? Hopefully we put that that was the knee joint.

We'd already been told it was inflexion and then reminded ourselves that that was that forwards and backwards movement.

So it was the sagittal plane, which is paired with the transverse axes.

For our star jump, we'd already been told that was looking specifically at the shoulder joint.

So hopefully remember that those arms were going out, away from the body.

So that was abduction.

And because of that sideways movement moving along that frontal plane, the one that divides you into front and back, which is paired with our sagittal axes.

And finally, we didn't need to worry about the joint 'cause it was a whole body rotation, but we did need to remember that that was rotation by our discus thrower.

Therefore was moving around the transverse plane, which rotates around the longitudinal axes.

A really simple way of capturing which movements go with which plane and axes.

So hopefully that's gonna be useful for you, going forward.

For our second part of our task, I'm gonna give you an example here, but remember it was up to you, which team and individual sport you decided to describe.

I opted to go for a sport, two sports that we perhaps hadn't looked at.

So for the team sport, I chose hockey, and I mentioned when a player might be dribbling the ball forwards, which is very common, to try and keep possession of the ball.

And then described that as moving along the sagittal plane and rotating around the transverse axes 'cause you've got that forwards movement.

I gave a slightly different one and talked about the goalkeeper when they might reach out to the side, particularly to save the ball when a shot's being made.

And that reach out is very much like that abduction of the shoulder joint.

So describe that as moving along the frontal plane and around the sagittal axes.

For the individual sport, I did go with athletics, we'd met our discus thrower, but tried to think of different events.

So I went with the shot put, very similar to a discus thrower.

They may not rotate all the way round, but they certainly, a bit like our slam ball exercise, they definitely rotate that upper body to get lots of power and momentum behind the shot so they can throw it as far as possible.

So like our slam ball exercise, this is moving along the transverse plane and rotating around that longitudinal axes.

And then thought about our many running events within athletics.

I've opted to go for a sprint event, the 400 metre sprint, knowing that they, yes, they're curving round the whole track, but they're definitely moving forwards.

So we've got that sagittal plane, and those joints will be rotating around the transverse axis.

What's nice there, is you've seen from those two tasks how that can be put in a table and that may be asked of you to complete a table, or it might be that you are asked to just give a brief description of which plane and which axes, but more importantly, give that specific sporting example.

Okay, let's summarise.

Lots of learning there.

And more importantly, lots of different sports used to try and remind ourselves of those planes of movement and those axes of rotation.

So we know that that body rotates around the longitudinal axes whilst moving along the transverse plane.

And an example of that was that pirouette in dance.

When it's rotating around the transverse axes, it's moving along the sagittal plane.

We saw a number of examples, but for example, there's that somersault in diving before hitting the water.

And finally when it rotates around the sagittal axes, that's moving along the frontal plane and we look specifically at the cartwheel for that.

Thank you so much for joining me on today's lesson.

I hope that's been useful to bring those planes of movement and those axes of rotation to life.

And I look forward to working with you on the next lesson.