Lesson video

Hi there.

Welcome to your lesson.

Today's lesson is the consequences of a sedentary lifestyle.

My name's Ms. Hacking, and I'm really looking forward to being your teacher today.

By the end of today's lesson, I'm hoping that we can all identify the consequences of a sedentary lifestyle, and explain how obesity affects our physical, emotional, and social health.

Today's key words include a sedentary lifestyle, which is a lifestyle with irregular or no physical activity.

Health, which is a state of complete physical, emotional, and social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, so that means that just because you're not portly doesn't necessarily mean you're healthy.

Obesity are people with a large fat content, a body mass index, a BMI, of over 30 or over 20% above standard weight for height ratio.

And a body mass index is a measure that uses your height and weight to calculate whether your weight is deemed healthy.

Body composition is a percentage of body weight, which is fat and non-fat, so muscle and bone.

Today's lesson is split into two parts.

In the first part, we're going to identify the consequences of a sedentary lifestyle, and in the second part of today's lesson, we're going to explain how obesity affects health.

Let's get started.

So what is a sedentary lifestyle? So Jacob's reminded us from our key word list that a sedentary lifestyle is a lifestyle that has irregular or no physical activity, and Sofia's mentioned that someone that spends a lot of their time sat down would have a sedentary lifestyle.

Can you think of any examples of people who are likely to lead a sedentary lifestyle? Often, nowadays, people work from home, and they sit down at their desk, and spend a lot of their day sat down.

This is different to 10 years ago when a lot of people or more people were doing manual labour jobs and were on their feet for more of the day.

Also, nowadays, people do things like binge watch TV programmes, so they sit down for long periods a day and watch a full series of a TV programme, so spend a lot of time sitting down.

Also, people can spend a lot of time gaming and sat down while they're playing that, or they spend a lot of time on their devices, so maybe their laptop or their phones, and this can lead to a sedentary lifestyle.

So sitting down for long periods of time with little movement or physical exercise can have negative health implications, and Jacob's asked, can you think of any ways it could affect our health by sitting down for long periods of the day? So leading a sedentary lifestyle can negatively impact our physical health by increasing the risk of coronary heart disease, so things like heart attacks are more likely, increasing our blood pressure, increasing the risk of obesity, which we'll talk about later in today's lesson, increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes, particularly if we're someone that has put on a lot of weight, that is highly likely, and there's a risk of osteoporosis.

Now, osteoporosis is where the bones become more brittle, which means that they're more likely to break.

So because we're sat down and we're not weight-bearing through our bones by doing lots of physical activity, it means they're more likely to break.

Also, leading a sedentary lifestyle can negatively impact our physical health by decreasing our posture.

Particularly someone that's sat down for long periods of the time, often they become really round-shouldered, and their back is not always sat up nice and straight, so that can really damage our posture.

It can also damage our muscle tone because if we are not doing any exercise, then the tone in our muscles is going to disappear, and also it can decrease components of fitness.

So things like muscular strength, for example, if we are not doing any exercise, it's going to decrease.

I wonder if you can think of any other components of fitness that it might affect.

Okay, let's have a go at a check.

Which is not an effect of a sedentary lifestyle on health? Is it A, increases blood pressure, B, decreases muscular strength, C, increases risk of obesity, and D, reduces osteoporosis? Just going to read that question again.

Which is not an effect of a sedentary lifestyle on health? Yeah, well done if you said that it reduces osteoporosis because it doesn't do that.

It does the opposite.

It increases the risk of osteoporosis.

So reduces osteoporosis is not an effect of a sedentary lifestyle, whereas all the others are an effect.

Well done if you spotted that.

Okay, how might leading a sedentary lifestyle impact someone's emotional health? It increases the risk of depression, and Alex has asked, "But how could not doing physical activity "increase our risk of depression?" So the reason why is there's a lack of endorphins.

So we know that from doing exercise, we get more endorphins in our body after taking part in physical activity or exercise, and as a result, it makes us happier.

So if we are not moving and not doing physical activity, there are a lack of endorphins, so that's increasing the likelihood of low mood.

It increases anxiety surrounding physical health.

Again, like we've said, things like increased risk of type 2 diabetes, increased risk of heart attacks can cause anxiety to someone.

So again, that can negatively affect our emotional health.

There's also negative emotional and physical patterns.

So by, for example, sitting down for long periods of the day watching TV, it maybe gets into a routine in your mind of this is what you want to do, and this is what you should be doing, and that maybe you are not able to do some other things as well, so it's making that a habit, and it also reduces motivation to do anything.

So for example, if you do sit down watching a TV series, for example, for long periods of the day, you feel even lazier that you can't really be bothered to do anything else.

Whereas if you'd actually got up and done some physical activity, you feel more energised and are more likely to be more productive with your day.

So the Sport England: Active Lives survey for adults researched the link between activity levels and mental and emotional wellbeing, and Jacob's asked "What do you notice about this data?" So you might have noticed that there's a positive trend where higher activity levels increases mental and emotional wellbeing.

So people that are more active seem to have better emotional and mental health.

So if we're talking about a sedentary lifestyle, people with a sedentary lifestyle have low levels of physical activity, and therefore, are more likely to have negative mental or emotional wellbeing.

So how might someone feel about socialising while facing the physical and emotional effects of a sedentary lifestyle? So they may wish to socially isolate.

They might not have the confidence or motivation to do things with other people because they are maybe feeling like they might be judged by other people if they've put on weight, or they might not feel comfortable leaving their house, for example, and they might prefer to interact online with people, which does have benefits of being able to interact with people.

However, there's not as many benefits as if you met someone face-to-face.

Okay, let's have a go at a check.

True or false? Having a sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of depression.

That's true.

Can you tell me why? Yeah, that's because there is a lack of endorphins from not doing much physical activity.

It can increase anxiety surrounding physical health.

There can be negative emotional and physical patterns.

There can be reduced motivation to do anything.

So well done if you mentioned one of those things.

Okay, now it's your turn to have a go at a practise task.

So for the first part of the task, I'd like you to tell me what is a sedentary lifestyle, and for the second part of the task, I'd like you to explain one physical, one emotional or mental, and one social health impact of a sedentary lifestyle.

You may wish to pause the video now to give yourself time to complete the task.

Okay, for the first part of the task, you were asked to identify what is a sedentary lifestyle.

So a sedentary lifestyle is a lifestyle with irregular or no physical activity.

I hope you remember that from our keywords.

And for the second part of the task, you were asked to explain one physical, one emotional or mental, and one social health impact of a sedentary lifestyle.

You may have said something along these lines.

A sedentary lifestyle can reduce bone density, as less physical and weight-bearing activity makes bones more brittle and prone to fractures.

It can also harm emotional health by lowering self-esteem, leading to negative body image and a lack of confidence, and social health is impacted as well, as low motivation and confidence may result in isolation and a tendency to avoid social interactions.

So you may have put similar ones to me, or some of the other ones we've talked about in today's lesson, but as long as you've put a physical and emotional or mental, and a social health impact of a sedentary lifestyle, you would've got this question correct.

Okay, let's move on to the second part of today's lesson, where we're going to explain how obesity can affect health.

So body mass index, or BMI, is a measure that uses your height and weight to work out if you're a healthy weight, and you work it out using this calculation.

BMI is a body weight in kilogrammes divided by the height in metres, and people with a body mass index, or BMI, of over 30 or over 20% above standard weight for height ratio are classed as obese.

So you can see from the diagram that anyone with over 30 in their BMI would be classed as obese or extremely obese.

So that is how you work out your BMI.

Obesity is where an individual has an abnormally large percentage of body fat, and obesity and a sedentary lifestyle are often closely connected, and both can negatively impact health in similar ways.

Often, people with obesity tend to have a sedentary lifestyle, and people with a sedentary lifestyle can lead to obesity.

So leading a sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of a person being obese, overweight, and overfat.

Obese is people with a large fat content, or a body mass index, BMI, of over 30.

Overweight is a person who is significantly heavier than their optimum weight.

Having excess weight to normal may be in the form of muscle mass.

So for example, someone could be classed as overweight, but not actually be obese.

If we think of a heavyweight boxer, for example, they would be classed as overweight because muscle weighs a lot, and they have a lot of muscle on their body, but that doesn't necessarily mean that they're obese or have a lot of fat on their body.

Overfat is where an individual has an abnormally large percentage of body fat.

Okay, let's have a go at a check.

So who is describing obesity? Is it Aisha, A, a person who is significantly heavier than their optimum weight, or is it B, Jun, where this is where an individual has an abnormally large percentage of body fat, or is it C, Izzy, a lifestyle with irregular or no physical activity? I'm hoping that you spotted that it was Jun describing obesity because Aisha was describing overweight, and Izzy was describing a sedentary lifestyle.

Well done if you got that correct.

So obesity can negatively affect our performance in sports and fitness activities because it limits our stamina and cardiovascular endurance, and this is because our cardiovascular system has to work extra hard in a body that is obese because they have got to pump more blood around a bigger body to get more oxygen to where it's needed.

So they've got to work extra hard, which means that being obese can limit your cardiovascular endurance.

It also limits your flexibility.

Because you may have a bigger body, you are less able to be as flexible at your joints, and again, it can limit your agility and limit your speed and power.

Because you have a bigger body and a heavier body mass, you're unable to move as quickly, whether that's through agility of stop/starting and changing direction quickly, or just your actual speed.

Now, because your body is heavier, that's why you can't move as quickly, and as a result, your power is negatively affected because we know that power is strength times speed.

So if we're not able to move as quickly, our power will also reduce.

Obesity can cause ill physical health by increasing the risk of cancer, heart disease and heart attacks, type 2 diabetes, and high cholesterol.

Now, you may notice that some of these are similar to the impacts on physical health of a sedentary lifestyle, and we know that eating fatty foods can increase our cholesterol in our arteries, which can also lead to heart attacks and heart diseases.

Because if the arteries are getting clogged with cholesterol, then the blood is unable to carry or transport oxygen easily around the body, and if there is ever a blockage, that's where that can then lead to a heart attack or a stroke.

Okay, let's have a go at a check.

True or false? Obesity can improve some components of fitness, such as power.

That's false.

Can you tell me why? Yeah, being obese will decrease speed, and therefore, power, as the body will have to work even harder as it's heavier, and the blood needs to travel further to deliver oxygen.

So well done if you mentioned something along those lines.

Obesity can cause ill mental health, such as depression and a loss of confidence.

Again, feeling bigger in your body might lead to a negative body image, and therefore, losing your confidence of being able to do certain tasks or certain things with people, which, therefore, can lead to poor social health.

And Aisha's asked, "What does that mean?" But that could mean that there might be an inability to socialise, or an inability to leave the home because of perhaps some of the negative effects on the physical and emotional health.

It means that they maybe don't feel as comfortable in their body, but also they feel embarrassed, or that they might be judged by the way they look by other people out there, particularly if they're struggling to do certain physical tasks, such as walking up the stairs without getting out of breath, for example.

These can make a person with obesity feel quite uncomfortable about leaving the home and, therefore, have a negative impact on their social health.

Okay, let's have a go at a check.

Which is an impact of obesity on emotional health? Is it A, the inability to leave home? Is it B, the increased risk of cancer? Is it C, the limited flexibility? Or is it D, a loss of confidence? Yeah, it's D, a loss of confidence.

Because if you put that, you've correctly read that the question was asking the impact of obesity on emotional health.

And we know that A, the inability to leave home, impacts their social health, and that B, increased risk of cancer affects their physical health, and C, limited flexibility would affect their fitness.

So well done if you got that right.

Okay, now it's your turn for a practise task.

For the first part of the task, I'd like you to define obesity.

And for the second part of the task, I'd like you to complete the table to explain how obesity affects health and fitness.

You may wish to pause the video now to give yourself time to complete the task.

So for the first part of the task, you were asked to define obesity, and I'm hoping that you've written something along these lines.

Obesity is people with a large fat content, a body mass index, or BMI, of over 30, or over 20% above standard weight for height ratio.

It is where an individual has an abnormally large percentage of body fat.

So well done if you wrote something along those lines.

And for the second part of the task, you were asked to complete the table to explain how obesity affects health and fitness.

So you may have said for fitness that there's limited cardiovascular endurance, and this is because the lungs and heart have to work much harder to get blood around an obese body, so cardiovascular endurance is limited.

For social health, you might have said the inability to socialise because a person might feel uncomfortable in social situations for fear of being judged, which can lead to avoiding social situations.

For mental or emotional health, you might have said that there's a lack of confidence because they can have a negative body image about the way they look.

And physical health, you might have mentioned high cholesterol because eating lots of fatty foods can lead to obesity, and cause cholesterol to build up in the blood vessels.

So well done if you put something along those lines or you've talked about something else, another point for each of the health that we've talked about in today's lesson.

Okay, that gives us just enough time to summarise today's lesson.

So a sedentary lifestyle is a lifestyle with irregular or no physical activity.

Having a sedentary lifestyle can lead to many negative impacts on all aspects of health.

It can impact physical health by increasing the risk of coronary heart disease, blood pressure, the risk of obesity, the risk of type 2 diabetes, the risk of osteoporosis, the loss of muscle tone, loss of posture, and have a negative impact on the components of fitness.

It can impact our emotional health by increasing the risk of depression and lacking confidence, and it can impact our social health because it can limit our ability to socialise, and means sometimes we only interact with online friends.

Obesity refers to people that have an excessive amount of body fat, or a BMI of over 30, and obesity too can negatively impact all aspects of health.

Well done today.

You've worked really hard.

I'm looking forward to seeing you again soon.