Lesson video

Hi, there.

Welcome to your lesson.

Today's lesson is on the physical, emotional, and social health, fitness, and well-being, and it's part of the "Health and Performance: Health, Fitness, and Well-being" unit of your GCSE exam two.

My name is Ms. Hacking, and I'm really looking forward to being your teacher today.

So by the end of today's lesson, I'm hoping that we can all explain the physical, emotional, and social benefits of exercise, and discuss the relationship between health and fitness.

Our keywords today.

You may wish to pause the video now to make a note of all the definitions of our keywords.

We've got health, fitness, physical health, emotional health, and social health.

All of these words will appear a lot in today's lesson, so it's beneficial that you know their meaning.

Our lesson today is split into four parts.

In the first part, we're going to explain the physical health benefits of exercise.

Now I think this might be quite easy as normally people are quite familiar with the physical health benefits of exercise, as they are often the reasons why we do exercise, and often the reasons that we see in people, and the improvements that we see in people.

For the second part of the lesson, we're going to explain the emotional health benefits of exercise.

And for the third part of the lesson, we're going to explain the social health benefits of exercise.

And finally we're going to look at explaining the benefits of fitness, and how that benefits our well-being as well.

Let's get started.

So good health refers to a complete state of physical well-being, emotional well-being, and social well-being.

Now Jun has mentioned that being free of disease doesn't necessarily mean a person is truly healthy.

Do you agree with Jun? No, just being free of disease might be physically healthy; however, the person who is free from disease may not have very good emotional or social health, and therefore wouldn't actually be described as healthy.

So Jun's right that a person that is free from disease doesn't truly mean that they are healthy.

So let's have a look at the types of health.

What is physical health? Physical health is a condition of the body, how well the organs function, and how you feel and move.

So your actual ability in being able to move and complete tasks physically.

Good physical health often links to healthy lifestyle choices like a balanced diet, enough sleep, and plenty of exercise.

Taking part in regular exercise has lots of physical health benefits, and these include that we improve the components of fitness, we improve our overall health, and we reduce health risks.

Let's look at those in a little bit more detail.

But first let's do a check to see if you've understood what health means.

Good health means being free from disease.

True or false? That's false.

Can you tell me why? Good health refers to a state of complete physical, emotional, and social well-being? Being free from disease refers only to physical well-being.

So well done if you remembered that.

Okay, moving back to our physical health then.

We were reminded that doing exercise does improve all of our components of fitness, but I wonder if you can remember all of the 11 components of fitness.

I'm hoping that you remembered: muscular endurance, aerobic endurance, reaction time, strength, agility, coordination, speed, balance, power, body composition, and flexibility.

Regular exercise can improve all components of fitness.

So that's a benefit on our physical health.

Regular exercise can also improve our overall health as well by increasing bone density.

So the more weight-bearing exercise we do, whether it's walking, running, or playing a sport, it improves the strength of our bones, which means we are less likely to break a bone, and less likely to suffer from diseases like osteoporosis, which can affect us later in life where our bones become quite brittle, and they can break very easily.

It also increases our strength of muscles.

We know that, because it improved the component of fitness of muscular strength, but doing regular exercise generally improves our health by improving the strength of our muscles.

It increases cardiac hypertrophy.

So you might have remembered this from exam one where the heart, when it exercises, is a muscle, so therefore, the more exercise we do, the more training we do, the stronger the heart becomes.

Therefore it's able to pump out more blood per beat with less effort.

So cardiac hypertrophy is a really positive thing, and it means that we get a stronger heart.

It also helps to increase our brain function, it improves our posture.

You may notice that perhaps people that lead a sedentary lifestyle and sit down for a long period of time, they end up having really bad posture, maybe really round shoulders, or their head is really far forward.

Whereas when we do exercise, it really helps to improve our posture, because it helps the stretches all out.

It improves our body composition.

So, again, by doing exercise, it reduces the amount of body fat that we have on our body, and improves our muscle tone, so it improves our body composition.

Jun's mentioned that when his nan started swimming more, the pain in her hip went away.

So it improves our general health anyway.

So she might have had aches and pains, but by doing exercise and getting stronger, she was able to get rid of that pain.

So exercise, regular exercise, really does help to improve our overall health.

Regular exercise can also reduce health risks such as coronary heart disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and injuries like we talked about with osteoporosis.

If you are someone that has a sedentary lifestyle, you're sat down for long periods of the day, you don't necessarily have very strong bones, or very strong muscles, and you're more at risk of being injured.

So therefore, regular exercise can help reduce those risks.

It's also believed that someone who regularly exercises is likely to recover from an illness or injury quicker than someone who doesn't exercise.

So, again, making sure that you're doing that regular exercise, so that you can recover from illness quicker than someone that doesn't.

Okay, let's have a go to check.

Which is a physical health benefit of exercise? Is it A, increased confidence about lifting weights? Is it B, going running helps relieve stress? Is it C, exercising with friends is fun? Or is it C, swimming helps to lose weight? That's right, it's D, swimming helps to lose weight.

So losing weight would help improve body composition, because you're perhaps losing more body fat, and improving the composition of your body.

We know that that's a physical benefit, a physical health benefit, of exercise.

Whereas if we look at the others, increased confidence and relieving stress, they're emotional health benefits of exercise, and exercising with friends for fun is a social benefit of exercise.

So they are all health benefits of exercise, but the question was particular in asking for the physical health benefit.

So well done if you spotted that D was the correct answer.

Okay, now it's your turn for a practise task.

Alan is a 36-year-old man.

He spends most of his day sat down at work, and currently doesn't do any exercise, but would like to start going to the gym.

So Alan leads a sedentary lifestyle.

He doesn't do any physical activity.

He's sat down for a long period of the day.

Explain the physical health benefits for Alan if he went to the gym.

You may wish to pause the video now to give you time to write the answer.

So you were asked to explain the physical health benefits for Alan if he went to the gym.

So you may have written something along these lines.

If Alan begins to go to the gym, he can significantly improve his components of fitness such as cardiovascular endurance, strength, and flexibility.

By engaging in regular exercise, Alan will enhance his overall health, increasing his energy levels, building muscle, and supporting his body's ability to handle physical tasks.

In addition, regular gym workouts can help Alan reduce health risks associated with a sedentary lifestyle such as heart disease, obesity, and high blood pressure.

So I'm hoping that you've talked about how the components of fitness have been improved, how his overall health has been improved, and also how he's now, he may be less at risk of health issues such as heart disease, or obesity, as a result of joining the gym.

So well done if you put something along those lines.

Right, let's move on to the second part of today's lesson.

We are going to explain the emotional health benefits of exercise.

So Izzy's asked, "What is emotional health?" Emotional health is how someone thinks and feels, and how well they can cope with the ups and downs in life.

People with good emotional health are in control of their emotions, and can deal with challenges.

Sometimes emotional health can be called something else.

It can also be called mental health, and it's really important that we don't just focus on the benefits of exercise for physical health, that all of our health is important, our physical, mental, and social health, and that we don't forget the importance that mental health can play on our general well-being.

So taking part in physical activity and sport can improve emotional health by relieving stress and tension, increasing self-esteem and confidence, for enjoyment and to feel good, for emotional/psychological challenge, and for aesthetic appreciation.

We're going to talk about each one of those in a little bit more detail.

But first let's have a quick check of your understanding of emotional health.

True or false? People with good emotional health are able to control their emotions.

Yeah, that's true.

Can you tell me why? Yeah, people with good emotional health are able to control their emotions, and deal with challenges more effectively.

So well done if you talked about that.

So how do you feel emotionally after you take part in physical activity? Do you feel happy? Do you feel sad? Do you feel angry? How do you feel? Often most people take part in physical activity to feel good and have fun, because they enjoy physical activity.

When people exercise, a feel-good chemical called serotonin is released in the body, and that makes you feel happier.

So by doing exercise, you release serotonin in your body, and it makes you feel good.

So often people report that even if they've had a really, really bad day, they go and do some exercise, maybe play some sport, or go to the gym, they feel a lot better after they've completed some exercise.

Physical activities can also be a distraction from problems or stresses caused by everyday life.

When we exercise, the brain also produces endorphins that, again, are natural feel-good chemical, and helps us to feel happier and feel good after we've exercised.

So Izzy's mentioned that exercise helps her cope when things in life are tough, and I wonder if you can think of some things that may be stressful that maybe exercise could help ease.

You may have said things like exam worries, or fallouts with friends.

Lots of things in life can cause us stress, but by going out and doing exercise, it can help us feel a lot better.

Okay, let's have a go to check.

Which chemicals are known as feel-good hormones that are released after exercise? I'm hoping you remembered it was serotonin, but also endorphins, as chemicals that are released in the brain that help us feel good.

Well done if you've got that right.

Okay, exercise often provides both a physical and an emotional challenge.

Completing challenges helps someone to improve their self-esteem, confidence, and feel good about themselves.

Can you think of any physical or psychological challenges in sport? Izzy said, "There are lots, and one example is completing a marathon.

Running 26.

2 miles is physically very tough, but also psychologically very challenging to keep going for that whole distance.

However, imagine how you would feel if you completed it." If you completed that marathon, especially if you were not a competent runner initially before all the training, that would be a massive psychological challenge for you, but you would feel an increased amount of self-confidence and self-esteem if you were able to push through and complete it.

Some people's challenges might not be as tricky as a marathon, it might just be as simple as getting out of bed and getting to the gym, or joining a new team.

Physical and psychological challenges can be as big or as small as people want, but the confidence that you can gain from overcoming those challenges is incredible, and really helps to benefit emotional health.

Aesthetic appreciation means enjoying how something looks.

Movements in sports can be aesthetically pleasing, and they support an athlete to feel good.

It is relevant for all sports, but which sports might it be more common, or more relevant to? I'm thinking of sports where you may enjoy going to see the sport, and maybe they get awarded for how they look performing in that sport.

You may have thought about examples like gymnastics, because the better a movement is performed, the more points they get.

It's more aesthetically pleasing.

Similarly to sports like skateboarding, landing a tricky jump really efficiently looks a lot better than someone that is wobbling all around the place.

So if it looks a lot better, it's more aesthetically pleasing.

And something like ice skating, again, performing movements effortlessly and with ease around the ice is more aesthetically pleasing than someone that is falling over.

Okay, let's have a go to check.

Which is not an emotional health benefit to exercise? Increased aesthetic appreciation, improved body composition, to overcome psychological challenges, or to improve self-confidence? Yeah, it's improved body composition, because I'm hoping that you remember that improved body composition was a physical health benefit to exercise.

So like losing weight or gaining muscle tone, that's improving your body composition, so therefore that's physical health.

All the rest were emotional health benefits.

So well done if you spotted that.

Okay, now it's your turn for a practise task.

Ava is part of the school hockey team.

Today she's feeling really stressed, because she didn't do very well in a maths test.

She has told the PE teacher she doesn't want to play in the hockey match.

Explain why playing in the hockey match might help Ava's emotional health.

You may wish to pause the video now to give yourself time to write your answer.

Good luck.

Okay, so you are asked to explain why playing in the hockey match might help Ava's emotional health, especially when she was feeling quite stressed and tense about not doing very well in her maths test.

You may have said something along these lines.

Physical activity releases endorphins which can help improve her mood, and make her feel more positive.

By focusing on a game, Ava can take her mind off the test, and let go of some of the worries she's been holding onto, which may leave her feeling more relaxed and less anxious.

Participating in a match could boost Ava's self-esteem and confidence, especially if she performs well, or enjoys her time on the field.

The enjoyment and sense of accomplishment that come from playing could make her feel better overall.

Engaging in a team activity also provides an emotional challenge, which can be rewarding, while the aesthetic appreciation of the game, the flow, the movement, the skill, may give her a sense of satisfaction and joy, and overall make her feel better, especially after she wasn't feeling so good after her math test.

So well done if you talked about all of the emotional health benefits of exercise, and how they could help Ava's emotional health.

Okay, we are now moving on to the third part of today's lesson.

We are going to look at explaining the social health benefits of exercise.

So Aisha's asked, "What is social health?" Now social health is the ability to interact with others, adapt to social situations and formulations to feel a sense of belonging.

Taking part in physical activity and sport can help improve social health by improving cooperation and teamwork skills, giving a sense of belonging, developing friendships, developing a good attitude to competing by being able to win or lose gracefully.

Before we go into a bit more detail about each of those points, let's see if you can tell me who is correct.

"Physical health is how well someone can cope with the ups and downs of life." "Emotional health means being free from disease." And, "Social health is the ability to interact with others." Yeah, Izzy's right, because Izzy is describing social health, whereas Aisha is actually describing emotional health, not physical health.

And Jun is describing physical health, not emotional health.

So well done if you spotted that Izzy was correct.

Okay, so many sports and physical activities are done with other people.

Working in groups or teams regularly, and sometimes in challenging situations, can help to improve cooperation and teamwork skills such as developing communication and active listening, encouraging people to trust one another rather than just being individual and relying on yourself, and being open to compromise, and different ways of dealing with problems. When it says we sometimes work in challenging situations in sport, we might not always be winning.

We might be really pushing ourselves working as hard as we can.

We might be tired, physically tired, so these can be quite challenging situations where you have to rely on yourself to be a good member of the team, but also rely on other people to support you to be the best you can as a team, and working well together to ensure that you do the absolute best that you can as a team.

So being part of a team or club gives someone a sense of belonging, and helps to improve their social health.

Often being part of a club or team doesn't just mean playing sport with those people.

So for example, Aisha's mentioned it could involve building friendships, so not just being friends within the team that play this sport together, it might be building friendships outside of that sport, and that might include socialising out of training, maybe going for food after training would be an example of how they would socialise out of training as well.

Maybe travelling together to fixtures, or matches, or competitions, and getting to know each other's family, or other friends, or maybe attending awards evenings together as well.

Taking part in physical activities that you enjoy also helps you meet people with similar interests who you may not have met before.

Therefore, taking part in sports and physical activity helps to build and develop friendships, and socially mix with other people face to face.

So there's two important points there.

You might find, at school, that sometimes you get put in classes with people that aren't necessarily your friends, or aren't necessarily people that you have a lot in common with.

Whereas if you go to a sports club out of school, maybe you go to a rugby club out of school, you then become friends with people who have that similar interest, because you all like rugby, you all like keeping active, for example.

So therefore, you may have more in common with the people that you play sport or you exercise with, which can open up your friendship circle a little bit more.

Also, in this day and age, a lot of people make friends online, and actually sports, and physical activity, and exercise is a really good way of building friendships face to face and in person, especially when we spend a lot of time on our computers, or on our phones, and interacting with people over messages as opposed to face to face.

So that's another benefit, another social benefit, of exercise for our social health.

When playing competitively against an opposition, it is important to demonstrate respect to everyone, whether we're winning or losing.

And this attitude can strengthen your social health, helping you build and maintain positive relationships in other areas of your life.

So being able to have that level of respect even in tough situations, or challenging situations, when maybe you don't always agree with the referee's decision, or your team are losing by a lot.

Still being able to show that respect, and have those humanitarian qualities that make you a good friend, and a good team player, you can then apply to other aspects of your life, so that you are bound to have more effective relationships as a result.

Okay, let's have a go to check.

Which is a social health benefit to exercise? Is it A, improved cooperation? Is it B, improved body composition? Is it C, improved aesthetic appreciation? Or is it D, improved self-confidence? That's right, it's A, improved cooperation.

Working on skills like active listening and communication, trust and compromise, helps to build those cooperation skills, and is definitely a benefit to your social health of exercise.

Okay, now it's your term for a practise task.

Can you, for the first part of the task, list one social health benefit of taking part in sports? And for the second part of your task, can you, for a sport of your choice, describe two other social benefits of taking part? You may wish to pause the video now, so that you've got time to do the task.

Okay, for the first part of the task, you are asked to list one social health benefit of taking part in sport.

And you might have said one of the following: improving cooperation and teamwork skills, giving a sense of belonging, developing friendships, and developing a good attitude to competing by being able to win or lose.

So if you wrote down one of those, give yourself a mark.

For the second part of the task, you are asked, for a sport of your choice, to describe two other social benefits of taking part.

So you might have said something along these lines.

I've talked about basketball, but as long as you've related it to the sport that you have mentioned, that's okay too.

So in basketball, there are numerous social benefits to taking part.

The sport requires strong cooperation and teamwork skills as players must communicate and work closely with one another to achieve their goals.

As friendships form on the court, players gain a supportive community, helping them to feel valued and included.

Also learning to compete with a positive attitude, whether winning or losing, encourages respect, resilience, and teaches players how to handle success and setbacks constructively.

So I'm hoping that you've incorporated some of those social benefits, and applied them to the sport that you've talked about, just like I've done here to basketball.

Well done if you've managed to do that.

Okay, so we're now onto the final part of today's lesson where we're going to explain the benefits of fitness on well-being.

So fitness is the ability to meet the demands of the environment, and well-being can be defined as a sense of being comfortable, healthy, or happy.

But how can fitness contribute to your well-being both positively and negatively? We're going to look at that in a little bit more detail.

So some of the positive impacts of fitness.

I think we already know a lot of these, because we've talked about how exercise and how fitness can really help our physical health.

So it helps us to cope with all the physical aspects of life.

If we didn't have very good fitness, we might get out of breath just walking up and down the stairs, or carrying in a shopping.

We might not be able to lift that.

So it helps us, having good fitness helps us with all the everyday aspects of life.

It can improve longevity.

Now longevity means it helps us to live longer.

Again, the fitter we are, the more chance we have of living a healthier, longer life.

Whereas if we were a little bit unfit, we might be more at risk of injuries or illnesses.

It also helps to lower the risk of psychological illnesses, so things like depression or emotional health issues.

Increasing our fitness means we are being more active, and therefore we are less likely to be struggling or suffer with any psychological illness.

As we've already talked about, exercise and fitness does improve our physical, social, and emotional health.

We've already spoken about that in the first part, first, second, and third part of today's lesson.

And it can also help with weight control, which, again, links to our body composition and our physical health.

But, again, by improving our weight control, we're able to have better emotional, and, as a result, social health as well.

There are, however, some negative effects of fitness on well-being.

So one of the negative effects is people are at risk of a sports-related injury.

So perhaps if someone is doing a lot of running, for example, they're trying to lose weight, and they're doing a lot of running, they may be more at risk of knee or ankle issues if they're constantly running on a lots of tarmac, or hard surface areas.

So there is a risk of a sports-related injury.

It can sometimes mean that there's time out of daily life to recover from that injury as well, which can also then link back to emotional health issues.

So if we go back to our example of the runner, if, you know, they've damaged their knee, and they're struggling to walk, it might mean that they have to take time out of their manual job, they might not be able to drive, and therefore that might not make them feel very good about themselves.

So, again, as a result of a sports-related injury, it might mean they have a bit of time out of their sort of daily life routine.

Also a negative effect of fitness on well-being is that it can lead to an obsessive interest in body shape, which can then link to eating disorders as well.

So making sure that people can become obsessed with how they look, and do everything they can in order to maintain a certain shape, which sometimes, in life, is really hard to do, and then, again, can lead to other health, other emotional health, issues surrounding that.

Pressure of competing can damage emotional health.

So things like going into a competition, people feeling very anxious, or people feeling like they're always going to lose can actually negatively affect their self-confidence.

So we did talk about earlier about how exercise does improve our self-confidence when we overcome a psychological challenge.

However, sometimes the level of competition can also affect our confidence and our emotional health.

And stresses and needs of a particular sport can lead to long-term health problems. Now a good example here is American football or rugby.

There's been a lot of interest in sort of research around brain injuries and concussion as a result of constantly tackling for years, and years, and years, and having those same concussion injuries, and how they can actually have long-term health issues.

So, again, some sports, if they're played very, very regularly from when a person is a child to when they're an adult, potentially have long-term health issues surrounding them as well.

Okay, let's have a go to check.

Improved fitness can help you live a longer life.

True or false? Yeah, that's true.

Can you tell me why? Yeah, fitness can improve physical, emotional, and social well-being, which can increase longevity.

So well done if you remembered that.

Okay, now it's time for a practise task.

We've got Aisha here that says, "Fitness has only positive effects on well-being." Whereas Izzy says, "Fitness only has negative effects on well-being." So Izzy and Aisha clearly have different opinions about fitness.

Discuss who is correct.

You may wish to pause the video now to give you time to write your discussion.

Okay, so you were asked to discuss who was correct between Izzy and Aisha.

One person thought that fitness only had positive effects, and one person thought fitness only had negative effects.

Who was correct? So you may have said something along these lines.

They're both correct as fitness has positive and negative effects on well-being.

Regular physical activity helps people cope better with daily physical demands, and can improve longevity.

It also lowers the risk of psychological illnesses, like anxiety and depression, by releasing mood-boosting endorphins.

Also fitness enhances physical, social, and emotional health, offering social connections, building self-esteem, and promoting a sense of achievement.

It can also aid in weight control, helping individuals maintain a healthy body composition.

However, fitness can also have negative effects on well-being.

Sports-related injuries like strains or fractures may disrupt daily life leading to recovery time that can cause feelings of isolation or frustration.

Fitness can sometimes lead to an obsessive focus on body image, which can harm self-esteem, and lead to unhealthy habits.

The pressure of competing or performing well can damage emotional health if individuals feel stressed or pressured to succeed.

And finally, the physical demands of certain sports can cause long-term issues, like joint pain or chronic injuries, potentially affecting well-being over time.

So I'm hoping that you've said that they are both correct, because there are both positive and negative effects of fitness on well-being.

And just like this answer has done, they've explained the positive effects, and then explained the negative effects, so that it's become a really nice discussion about both the positive and negative effects of fitness on well-being.

Well done if you went along those lines.

Okay, that leaves us just enough time then to summarise today's lesson.

So there are three types of health benefits for exercise.

The physical health benefits includes that it improves our components of fitness, it improves health, and it reduces health risks.

The emotional health benefits include that it relieves stress and tension, it increases self-esteem and confidence.

People feel good, and there's lots of enjoyment from physical activity.

People use it for an emotional or psychological challenge, and also for aesthetic appreciation.

And some of the social benefits for our health include that it improves our cooperation and teamwork skills, it gives a sense of belonging and developed friendships, and it helps us to develop a good attitude to competing by being able to win or lose graciously.

Fitness has a positive and negative effect on well-being as it helps to improve health.

However, it does put participants at risk of sports-related injuries.

Well done today.

I hope you've enjoyed learning about the physical, emotional, and social health benefits to exercise.

I'll look forward to seeing you again soon.