Lesson video

Hi there, welcome to your lesson.

Today's lesson is on the interpretation and analysis of data and graphs related to sociocultural issues, and it's part of the "Socio-cultural influences" unit on ethics and behaviour.

My name is Ms. Hacking and I'm really looking forward to being your teacher today.

Okay, by the end of today's lesson I'm hoping that we can interpret and analyse data and graphs related to sociocultural issues.

Our keywords, X axis is the horizontal axis on the bar or line graph.

The Y axis is the vertical axis on a bar or line graph.

A pie chart is a circular graph divided into sectors, each representing a portion of the whole.

And a bar chart is a chart or graph that represents categorical data with rectangular bars with heights or length proportional to the values that they represent.

Today's lesson is split into three different parts.

In the first part of the lesson we're going to interpret data relating to sociocultural issues.

In the second part of the lesson we're going to interpret graphs relating to sociocultural issues.

And in the third part of the lesson we're going to look at being able to plot graphs relating to sociocultural issues.

Let's get started.

So data are facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis.

Analysing sociocultural data can help identify what ethical issues are present in sport and which of these issues are more common.

Data can be presented as numbers or graphs.

Let's have a go at a check.

Why is it important to analyse data about sociocultural issues? Is it A, to identify which ethical issues prevent people being physically active? Is it B, to identify what ethical issues are present in sport? Is it C, to identify why ethical issues happen in sport? Or is it D, to identify which ethical issues are more common? It's B and D.

So it's important to analyse data about sociocultural issues in sport to identify what ethical issues are present in sport, but to identify which ethical issues are more common.

Well done if you got that right.

So the data below shows the numbers of athletes caught with anabolic steroids in their system following elite competition in 2022 and 2023 season.

So rugby had 4, weightlifting 15, athletics 7, and skateboarding 0.

I'd like to have a go at this question.

Which sport has the lowest amount of participants caught using anabolic steroids? I'm hoping you put skateboarding because skateboarding has 0 number of athletes found with anabolic steroids in their system.

Suggest a reason for this.

You may have put that skateboarding doesn't require as much muscular strength and we know that anabolic steroids are taken to improve muscular strength and muscular hypertrophy, which perhaps skateboarders don't need as much as maybe the other sports.

And skateboarding is a newer sport that may not have had the same level of drug testing as others.

So skateboarding has only recently come into the Olympics and therefore is being competed at a much higher level more recently.

So in terms of drug testing within the sport, it might not be as advanced as sports like athletics that have been competing at an international level for a much higher, a much bigger amount of time.

Okay, so the data below in this table shows the volume of tennis players' grunts at Wimbledon in 2019.

So men's singles was 89 decibels, men's doubles was 62 decibels, women's singles was 97 decibels, women's doubles was 65 decibels, and mixed doubles was 64 decibels.

Do you notice any trends with this data? On average, women have louder grunts than men, according to this data.

Why do tennis players grunt? So you might want to think back of when you have learned about sportsmanship and gamesmanship and think about reasons why tennis players make such a loud grunt when they're hitting the ball.

Yeah, grunting is an example of gamesmanship used to put off the opponent, and perhaps the louder the grunt is, the more likely they will put off their opponent.

Well done if you remembered that.

Okay, let's have a go at a check.

Which image shows that ice hockey had the highest amount of violent incidents compared to other sports? A, B, or C? The correct answer is B because ice hockey had the highest amount of violent incidents compared to other sports.

It had 49 and all the other sports had less, whereas in A, basketball had more violent incidents, and in C, football had more violent incidents.

So well done if you read the data correctly.

Okay, now it's your turn to have a go at a task.

The data below shows the number of incidents as to why players in a rugby team were sent off this season.

So there was verbal abuse of match officials, high tackles, punching, and hair pulling.

I would like you to analyse the data for the first part of this task.

And for the second part of the task, I would like you to use this data to imagine that you are the coach of this team and I want you to identify what you might work on in training to improve this data for the next season.

You may wish to pause the video now in order to give yourself time to complete the task.

Okay, so for the first part of this task, you were asked to analyse the data in the table.

You may have said that high tackles were the biggest reason why players were being sent off in this season.

And for the second part of the task, you were asked to imagine that you were the coach of this team.

What would you work on in training to improve this data for next season? So you might have said that you would need to improve safe tackling ability and eliminate any use of high tackling from members of the team, as clearly this team have a problem with high tackling and a number of players are getting sent off over a season for the use of high tackling.

So, like this answer suggested, the coach would need to work on their tackling technique to ensure that high tackles were not being done so that, A, they were safe, but also that they weren't losing players who were getting sent off in the team.

So well done if you used that data and analysed it to suggest a helpful strategy for the coach.

We're now going to move on to the second part of today's lesson.

We're going to interpret graphs relating to sociocultural issues.

So graphs effectively present data by visually highlighting patterns.

They highlight comparisons and changes over time, making the data easy to interpret and understand than perhaps just written numbers.

So a tennis club identified examples of sportsmanship.

Below is a pie chart showing a percentage of displays of sportsmanship each age group demonstrated.

Which age group demonstrated the most examples of sportsmanship? So for the most examples we are looking at the biggest section, the biggest part of the pie, and that is the green part, so 35 to 55 year olds showed the most examples of sportsmanship at this tennis club.

So which age group demonstrated the least examples of sportsmanship? So again, here we're looking for the smallest section of the pie, and that is the blue colour, so that is the under 10 year olds showed the least examples of sportsmanship.

So as manager of the club, what could you do to change the data? So you might have said that you could explain the importance of sportsmanship and demonstrate examples to children at the club so they're more likely to see and therefore demonstrate sportsmanship themselves.

The graph below shows the reasons for suspensions in the netball super league between the seasons 2015/16 and the season 2018/19.

Can you tell me what is the most common reasons players received a suspension? Yeah, it was dangerous play.

In all seasons, we can see that dangerous play is by far the highest amount compared to the other suspension reasons.

So which season had the highest number of suspensions? Yeah, it's the 2015/16 season.

As you can see, the blue bar or the blue column is the highest in each example of reason for suspension, it's the blue bar that's the highest, so therefore the 2015/16 season had the highest amount of suspensions compared to the other seasons.

Now there's something wrong with this graph.

I would like you to try and have a look and identify what is wrong with this graph.

And well done if you noticed that the seasons are incorrectly labelled in the key.

It should be 2018/19, not 2019/20.

So it's really important that when you are reading graphs or when you are creating your own graphs, that you are labelling it correctly.

So well done if you spotted that mistake.

So the graph shows the amount of money a company sponsored a team over a five-year period.

Which years do sponsors give the most money? That's right, it's 2020, with the highest amount nearly up to just under 12,500 pounds worth of sponsorship money were given.

And which year do sponsors give the least amount of money? Yeah, 2021 you can see that the sponsors actually stopped sponsoring, so there's no money given in 2021.

I wonder if you could suggest a reason for this.

You might have said that after 2020 the team might have had a negative incident.

For example, they might have been caught cheating or using performing-enhancing drugs.

Or in 2020, the team might have performed badly and therefore the sponsorship company might not have wanted to provide a sponsorship.

You might have talked wider, globally, wider and said how COVID might have affected businesses so they weren't giving as much money sponsorship wise because of COVID-19 happening, or it might be that there was less sport being played in 2020, so less opportunities for the company to be advertised.

So any of those answers would've been correct, so well done.

Okay, now it's your turn for a practise task.

ITV analysed their media coverage of different sports over a year and below is the data that they found shown in a pie chart.

The first thing I'd like you to do is analyse the data on the graph.

And the second thing I'd like you to do is suggest reasons for this data.

And the third thing I'd like you to do is suggest why might this data be different in another year.

You may wish to pause the video now in order to give you time to complete the task.

Okay, ITV analysed their media coverage of different sports.

Below is the data shown in a pie chart.

Analyse the data on the graph.

You might have said that football has the highest media coverage on ITV with nearly half of all media coverage being football.

We can see that football is represented by the yellow colour and pretty much half of that diagram is yellow, so dramatically football is shown a lot more than other sports on ITV.

You may have also mentioned that netball has the lowest media coverage on ITV.

So netball is represented by the green and you can see that there's just a tiny section of the pie chart that is green, which shows that netball has the lowest coverage on ITV.

So then the question has asked you to suggest reasons for this data, and you might have said that media coverage is based on which sports are most popular and therefore will bring the highest ratings, hence using football, as football is one of the most popular sports.

ITV appears to show sports that are predominantly and traditionally played by men, which could represent the biggest proportion of spectators.

Again, they're trying to show the most popular sports which traditionally have all been performed by men, so that might be why certain sports are more popular.

Sports like netball are predominantly played and spectated by women, so are less popular with male spectators who may make up more of the viewers.

So again, suggesting that ITV are showing sports that are more popular to their target audience.

And the third part of the task asked you, why might this data be different in another year? And you might have said something along the lines of ITV may adjust its sports coverage based on audience preferences.

For example, if a new sport gains popularity, ITV could increase coverage to meet the viewer interest.

However, on the other hand, if a negative incident occurs within a particular sport leading to a decline in viewer interest, ITV might reduce or even stop coverage of that sport.

So again, if a sport was found to be cheating or violent behaviour was always being shown, then ITV might stop showing it because it might be less popular with the spectators.

So just because the data had shown this one year doesn't mean that the data could potentially change in the future.

Well done if you put something along those lines.

Okay, we're now onto the third part of today's lesson.

We're going to look at plotting graphs relating to sociocultural issues.

So remember that when we're asked to plot our own graphs, we always need to use a ruler and a pencil when we are drawing.

So the data below represents a type of performance-enhancing drugs detected in a drug test of tennis players from 2000 to 2001.

We have anabolic steroids at 14, beta blockers at 3, and stimulants at 30.

Add labels to each axis.

So there's a graph that's been started for you but their labels are missing, so can you add what labels are missing? Okay, so on the X axis along the bottom you should have "Type of drugs," which is obvious because we've got the words "anabolic steroids, beta blockers, and stimulants," so we know that they are all types of drugs.

And then along the Y axis, the vertical axis, is the number of athletes, the number of athletes that were caught using those drugs.

So those should be how you labelled it.

Right, for the second part of this activity I would like you to complete the graph, as there is one column missing.

So when you were completing the graph I hope you looked at the beta blockers because beta blockers are missing, and you saw that the number of athletes caught taking beta blockers was 3.

So what you would've done is got your ruler where 3 would be, and you would've drawn a ruler line out to where beta blockers is and then you would've drawn your column or your bar in line with the number 3.

So I'm hoping that that's how you drew and you completed the graph.

Well done if you did that.

Okay, so we have some more data here.

The data below shows how much profit a football team made each year for five years.

And here the graph has been started for you.

Firstly, I'd like you to identify the labels that are missing from this graph.

Okay, so along the X axis you have the year and you may have also noticed that the label 2022 was missing as well, so well done if you spotted that one.

And then along the Y axis going vertical, you would've had the profit.

And to make that even better, you would've put profit in pounds as well because the pound sign is not on the numbers so you would need to put in brackets the pound sign as well.

Okay, for the second part of this task, I would like you to complete the graph.

So again, I'm hoping that you got your ruler out to the 2020 to 2021 and realised that it was at 4,000, so that should have been a straight line where the profit had plateaued, it had got straight, it hadn't gone up, it hadn't gone down, it had plateaued.

But then in 2022 we can clearly see that the profit has gone up again to 8,000.

So again, I've got my ruler out in line with the Y axis values that I needed of 4,000 and 8,000 and I have gone across and then I've used my ruler to join the dots together so that I've got a nice straight line diagram.

Well done if you got that right.

So now it's your turn for a practise task.

A teacher recorded how many times they witnessed sportsmanship in each of their classes in a day.

So they've got all their classes and the number of sportsmanship examples that the teacher saw.

Plot this data on a bar graph, that's the first part of this task.

For the second part of the task, I'd like you to analyse the graph to suggest a trend in data.

You may wish to pause video now to give you time to complete those tasks.

Okay, so for the first part of the task you were asked to plot the data on the bar graph.

I'm hoping that you've labelled the X axis "Class" and the Y axis "Number of sportsmanship examples." And then, using your ruler, I hope you've measured correctly each of the bars to identify how many examples of sportsmanship were seen in each of the classes.

I'm hoping your bar chart looks a bit like mine.

So then you were asked to analyse the graph to suggest a trend in this data.

You might have said that Year 7 showed the lowest amount of examples of sportsmanship.

Year 11 showed the highest amount of examples of sportsmanship.

So therefore, the data suggests that as students grow older, they tend to show more examples of good sportsmanship.

I don't know if you noticed that, that the more examples of sportsmanship occurred as the classes got older.

So well done if you spotted that trend.

Okay, that gives us just enough time to summarise today's lesson.

So data are facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis, and data can be presented as numbers in tables or in graphs.

Analysing sociocultural trends helps us identify what ethical issues are present in sports and which are most common.

And presenting data in graphs makes data easier to interpret and understand as it enables patterns to be highlighted, comparisons to be made, and changes over time to be seen.

Well done today, you've worked really hard.

I look forward to seeing you again soon.