Lesson video

Hello, there my friends, and welcome to the seventh lesson all about the religion of Islam.

I'm Mr. Pedroza, and in our lesson today, we're going to be doing two things primarily.

We're going to have a look at the death of Muhammad, and we're going to look at what happened with this community, with this community at the end of his life.

And then, we're going to begin, exciting enough, to prepare to write an essay all about Islam.

And I'm really excited about that because it's going to be chance for you to share and to show off all of the knowledge that you have accumulated, you have accrued throughout this unit.

So, before we begin, let's do what we normally do, which is to do our pre-lesson Knowledge Quiz.

If you've already done that and you smashed that, well done.

If you think you could have done a little bit better, then remember that you can always watch our previous videos from this unit, and you can recap some knowledge that perhaps you have lost along the way.

If you're brand new to this unit, then I recommend watching from the beginning from Lesson One, and then you can do our Knowledge Quiz at the end of that.

So let's pause the video now.

Make sure you've done your Knowledge Quiz, and once you're done, you can restart the video.

Now let's have a look at what we're going to do today.

So in our lesson today, we're going to begin by showing our star words, we're going to show some new vocabulary, we're going to recap the previous lessons learned, where we talked about the Muslim festivals of Ramadan, Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha.

Then, we're going to have a look at what happened after Muhammad's death, so what happened to his community.

And then, we're going to begin planning our essay.

And then, as always, we're going to end with our End of Lesson Quiz.

Things that you're going to need in this lesson, you're going to need your exercise book or paper, you're going to need your pencil or pen, and you're going to need your ruler, which you're going to use to draw a table, where we're going to be collecting some notes for our essay.

So if you want to pause the video now to get those things, you can do so now.

Now, let's look at the key vocabulary for this lesson.

So we got successor, and a successor is a person or thing that comes after or follows another.

A person or thing that comes after or follows another is called a successor.

Good job.

A leader is a person who leads or guides, it's in the name.

A person who leads or guides is called a leader, and in Islam, a leader or a spiritual and political leader, a spiritual and political leader is called a caliph.

So a caliph is a spiritual or political leader in Islam.

And the caliphate is a Muslim kingdom lead by the caliph.

And we're going to have a look at the first caliphate later one, which was the Rashidun Caliphate.

So we got caliph, which is a leader in Islam, and the caliph controls the caliphate, which is a Muslim kingdom.

Now, in our previous lesson, we talked about Ramadan, and we know that Ramadan happens during the ninth month of the Islamic calendar.

Remember that the Islamic calendar has 12 months in total.

We said that Ramadan tends to last between 29 and 30 days, and during Ramadan, Muslims are required to fast during the hours of daylight.

Remember that Sawm, which is fasting, is one of the Five Pillars of Islam, along with Shahada, which is the declaration of faith, Salat, which is praying five times a day, Zakat, which is giving to charity, and Hajj, which is making the pilgrimage to Mecca.

Now, remember, Muslims believe that the Qur'an was revealed during this month by the Angel Gabriel, and Ramadan is a time for reflections and for spiritual reflection, it's a time for prayer, for doing good deeds and spending time with family and friends.

And one of the things that Muslims like to do is that they try to read the whole Qur'an at least once during Ramadan as a way of renewing their faith.

So, let's complete the first task.

So, this is a true or false question.

So, Ramadan happens during the ninth month of the Islamic calendar.

Is that true or is that false? If you're now sure, remember, go back, scroll back to the video, scroll back to the previous section, and then check for the answer.

Pause the video and then have go at this task.

Now, let's look and see if you got it right, I know that you did.

So, true or false, Ramadan happens during the ninth month of the Islamic calendar.

Is that true or is that false? It is absolutely true.

And remember, it tends to last between 29 and 30 days.

So, we also looked at Eid al-Fitr, and we said that Eid al-Fitr marks the end of Ramadan, and it happens on the first day after the month of fasting.

And it ends to begin, it officially begins at the first sight of the new moon.

Then we have Eid al-Adha, which happens 70 days after Eid al-Fitr.

So we got Ramadan, we got Eid al-Fitr and then, thirdly, we got Eid al-Adha, in that order.

And Eid al-Adha is celebrated to mark the Prophet Abraham's obedience to God.

Remember, in Islam, there is a long line of prophets, including Jesus, including Moses, including Noah, including Abraham, and remember that Muhammad is the final one.

So, Eid al-Adha marks the Prophet Abraham's obedience to God, shown by his willingness to sacrifice his own son Isaac just to please God and just to show Him how much he loved Him.

And Eid al-Adha is a time for reflection as well because it makes Muslims evaluate their own obedience to God.

So how are obedient are we to God compared to Prophet Abraham.

Now, Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha is celebrated in a very similar way by Muslims around the world, there they like to go to special prayer sessions, they like to wear the best clothes, remember, they like to decorate the inside and the outside of their homes.

Something that they also do, they like to share meals and gifts with family and friends, and doing good deeds, such as giving to your charity.

So, next question.

So, here you got a task where we have to fill in the missing words.

So, Eid al-Fitr marks the end of.

It happens on the day after the month of fasting.

Eid al-Adha, which happens days after Eid al-Fitr, marks Abraham's obedience to God, shown by his willing to sacrifice his own.

Now, we got four answers there.

We got 70, we got son, we got first, and we got Ramadan.

Remember, the key tip here is once you think you've got it, read the sentences back to yourself and see if it makes sense.

So at this point, pause the video and then have a go at filling in those sentences.

Okay, let's look and see what is right.

So, Eid al-Fitr marks the end of Ramadan, good job, and it happens on the first day after the month of fasting.

Eid al-Adha, which happens 70 days after Eid al-Fitr, marks Abraham's obedience to God, shown by his willingness to sacrifice his own son.

So, if you want to check your answers, you can pause the video now.

Now, let's move on to a brand new subject, which is all about Muhammad's death.

So, after Muhammad died in 632 CE, there was some disagreement between his followers as to who should be their new leader, and this lead to a split in Islam between two groups, and these groups are referred to as Sunni, so Sunni Muslims, and Shia, Shia Muslims. Now, around the world, there are approximately 1.

8 billion Muslims, and there are Muslims living in every country around the world, but countries in North Africa, the Middle East and Indonesia have the highest number of Muslims, and Indonesia, it actually has the highest number of Muslims of any country around the world.

So, there are 1.

8 billion Muslims around the world.

There are 37 Muslim-majority countries, most of them in North Africa, the Middle East and Southeast Asia, like Indonesia, which has the largest Muslims of any country.

So, here's the next question.

So approximately, how many Muslims are there in the world? Is it 1.

8 million; is it B, is it 180 billion; is it C, 18 million; or is it D, 1.

8 billion? Pause the video and then have a go.

Okay, let's have a look and see if you got it right.

I know that you did.

What was the answer, it was 1.

8 billion.

So there are 1.

8 billion Muslims all around the world, and the country with the largest number of Muslims is Indonesia.

Now, Sunni and Shia.

Most of the world's Muslims are Sunni.

So the percentage of Muslims who define themselves as Sunni is between 80 to 85%.

That leaves 10 to 15% defining themselves as Shia Muslims. Some Muslims, they don't consider themselves to be part of either group, but instead, they see themselves as followers of the Islamic faith in a single community.

But why are there two groups, and what is the difference between Sunni and Shia Muslims, and what led to this split? So, let's have a look at this dilemma of Muhammad's successor.

Now, after Muhammad's death, he didn't leave a successor in 632 CE.

So he died in 632 CE, and Muslims, his followers, needed the new leader of the religion and the kingdom that they have established, which has now stretched all across Saudi Arabia.

And this new leader was called a caliph.

And the title initially went to a man who was called Abu Bakr, and Abu Bakr was Muhammad's father-in-law because Muhammad was married to Abu Bakr's daughter Aisha.

Now, Abu Bakr was challenged for his role by a man called Ali, and Ali was Muhammad's cousin, and he was Muhammad's son-in-law because he was married to Muhammad's daughter Fatima.

Now, followers of Abu Bakr are described as Sunni, and Sunni means people of the tradition.

If you're Shia, you're called a follower of Ali.

So we have, on one side, we have Abu Bakr, who was Muhammad's father-in-law, and then the other side, we have Ali, who was Muhammad's son-in-law.

Now, most Muslims, most of Muhammad's followers, they chose Abu Bakr to be their new leader, their new caliph.

Ali disagreed, and they went to war over this.

Now, Abu Bakr led his armies to put down any rebellions, and he established the first caliphate.

He established the first caliphate, the first Muslim kingdom before beating Ali.

Now, he gained much territory from conquests, and he died in 632 CE, so he was only caliph for two years, and before his death, he named another man called Umar as his successor.

Now, both Abu Bakr and Ali are important to Sunni and Shia Muslims, and in many cases, Sunni and Shia live peacefully side by side.

However, it's important for you to add that there are some political, social and religious differences between the two groups.

So, just to recap.

After Muhammad's death in 632 CE, there wasn't a clear successor.

Muhammad did not designate someone to be the new leader after he left.

So, the title went to Abu Bakr, who was Muhammad's father-in-law.

These people are referred to as Sunni, and Sunni means people of the tradition.

Challenging Abu Bakr was Ali, who was Muhammad's son-in-law, and if you are a follower of Ali, you are referred to as a Shia, which means a follower of Ali.

But in the end, Abu Bakr was chosen to be the new caliph.

Now, true or false.

Abu Bakr was Muhammad's son-in-law.

Is that true or is that false? Number two is Shias are sometimes referred to as followers of Ali.

Is that true or is that false? Here, you can pause the video, go back if you want to recap the information I have just given you, and then have a go.

So pause the video now to complete this task.

Okay, let's have a look and see how you got on.

Now, question number one, Abu Bakr was Muhammad's son-in-law, that is false.

Abu Bakr, remember, was his father-in-law because Muhammad was married to Aisha, who was Abu Bakr's daughter.

Question number two, Shias are sometimes referred to as followers of Ali, that is true.

And remember that Ali was Muhammad's son-in-law and his cousin, and Ali was married to Muhammad's daughter Fatima, and Ali was the first Muslim, the first man who accepted Islam and then Muhammad's prophethood.

So that's why Ali and Abu Bakr are important to both Sunni and Shia Muslims. So, let's have look.

Now that we know about what happened after Muhammad's death, we can begin to prepare to write our essay.

So what is an essay? So an essay is a long piece of writing about a particular topic.

So it could be about football, it could be about the Amazon rainforest, it could be the North Pole.

But this essay is going to be all about Islam.

Now, we're going to use all knowledge we have learned so far in this unit, including what we just learned about Muhammad's successor.

So, in this section, what we're going to do is we're going to write an introduction, we're going to draw a table, where we're going to collect the notes, then we're going to fill in sections one and two.

And then, in the next lesson, we'll fill in the subsequent sections, and then, I'll give you some tips on how to write an essay, and then, we will wrote up our conclusion.

So, in your introduction, these are some suggestions that I found you could do.

The question that we're tackling in this essay is, what makes the religion of Islam unique? What makes it special? What makes it different from other religions? So, here are some introductions that I think you can use.

But if you want to try it yourself, and you use your own introduction, if you want to your write your own introduction, that's totally fine.

Now, so, introduction one could be Islam is a monotheistic religion which was founded in Saudi Arabia around 1,400 years ago.

This essay will explain what makes this religion unique.

Remember that monotheistic means the belief in one supreme being.

Option number two, it could be Islam, founded by the Prophet Muhammad in 623 CE, is one of the three Abrahamic religions, alongside Judaism and Christianity.

But what makes Islam different to other religions? This essay will explain what makes it so unique.

Option number C.

I like this one because it begins with a question, and questions tend to draw the reader in.

Remember, the introduction is going to be really, really important because it's going to make the reader decide, do I want to read this or do I not? So it's important to have a really good introduction for this essay.

So, did you know that there are over 1.

8 billion Muslims worldwide? Yes, I did, we just learned that, didn't we? How did a religion that arose from the deserts of Saudi Arabia become one of the most followed? In this essay, I will explain what makes this religion unique.

Now, I really love that introduction so much that I actually chose that for my own introduction.

So you can see at the top that I began my essay, my introduction with a question.

So the question that we're tackling in this essay is what makes the religion of Islam unique? And then I chose that last option as my introduction.

Notice that I'm trying to use my best handwriting, making sure that my capital letters go all the way to the top, my tall letters always go to the top as well, I got clear finger spaces, and I have correct punctuation.

But, that's my preference.

You guys can chose one of these elements.

You can use a, b or c.

Or, if you really want to try it yourself, you can write your own.

But remember that you have to begin your essay with the question, what makes the religion of Islam unique because that's the question that we're tacking in our essay.

So, at this point, pause the video, have a go at deciding which one you want to do and then we will continue.

I am so intrigued to see which option, which introduction you have chosen, and even more intrigued and even more excited to see some of your own introduction that you are going to write.

So, let's have a look at the next task.

So we're going to draw a table where we're going to collection our notes, and I'm going to cover it on the right-hand side.

So there's a table of elements on there.

It should have three columns.

You can see that the first column on the left-hand side should be paragraph one, paragraph two, paragraph three.

We're going to have seven paragraphs in total.

In the middle section, the middle column, we're going to have key information at the top, and the key information should be the largest column.

And then, on the right-hand side, should be the key vocabulary section.

Approximately, there should be eight to 10 lines for each row.

So paragraph one should have eight lines, paragraph two, eight lines, paragraph three, eight lines, and so on.

So, that's how you should go over the table.

If you want to pause the video now to do so, you can do that now.

Okay, now that we've done that, let's fill in the first two sections.

So, in paragraph one, we're going to tackle the following question.

So this is going to be our subheading on the left.

So, paragraph is going to be about how did the religion of Islam begin, and we know lots of information about this.

Now, key information here is going to be the following.

So we know that the religion of Islam began, and it was founded by Prophet Muhammad at around 620 CE.

We know that we was born in Mecca in 570 CE, so we begin to get some background information about Muhammad.

We know that Muhammad became an orphan by the age of six because his parent died by the age of six.

Remember that his dad died before Muhammad was born and his mom died when he was six.

Muhammad was guarded by relatives, and he became a merchant, trading and selling goods around Saudi Arabia.

Around 609 CE, Muhammad had his first revelation from the Angel Gabriel, and this is referred to as the Night of Power.

It took 23 years for the Qur'an to be fully revealed.

And in 621 CE, he went on a Night Journey, which is a spiritual but also a physical journey from Mecca to Jerusalem.

Muhammad's life was under threat because he had made many enemies because of his new religion.

And so, he left Mecca, in the Hijra, in 621-22 CE.

He returned in 629 CE to Mecca, but actually not just returned, he conquered Mecca, and then, after that, he conquered the rest of Saudi Arabia.

He then died in 632 CE, leaving no clear successor.

So that's the key information.

The key vocabulary here.

So we got Muhammad, we got Islam, we got the Angel Gabriel, we got Mecca, we got Saudi Arabia, and merchant, we got the Qur'an, and we have Jerusalem.

So that's the key information for paragraph one.

Pause the video now so you can write those things down.

Now, let's move on to paragraph two, and in paragraph two, we're going to have a look at what do Muslims believe.

So remember, there are six key beliefs in Islam.

And so, the believers in Islam are referred to as Muslims. There are six main beliefs.

Muslims believe that there is only one God, they believe that Muhammad was the final prophet, and he is sometimes referred to as the Seal of the Prophets.

Remember that Muslims believe in a line of prophets, as I said earlier.

Jesus is included, Moses, Noah, Adam, but Muhammad is believed to be the final prophet.

Muslims believe in angels, such as the Angel Gabriel.

Muslims also believe in Holy Books, and they believe in previous Holy Books, but they believe that they have been corrected, and so, the Qur'an came along to correct those previous human sayings.

Muslims believe in the Day of Judgement so they believe that after death, they will be judged according to their own behaviour, and that will decide whether they go to heaven or to hell.

Lastly, Muslims also believe in predestination, which is the belief that God has already chosen their life ahead for all of them.

Key vocabulary in the section, with believer, we got belief, we got final, we prophet, we got angels, we got judgement , and we have predestination.

So at this point, pause the video so you can write this information down.

And that is it, my friends.

So that is the end of our lesson today, great job.

In our next lesson, we're going to be completing the rest of our notes.

I will give you some tips on how to write a really wonderful essay, and then, I'll give you some tips for a conclusion.

So the completion is going to be the end of your essay.

But pray to play, make sure that you complete your End of Lesson Quiz.

And, as always, if you like to, you can share what you learnt, you can do through Twitter @OakNational with the handle #LearnWithOak.

So, in our next lesson, we are going to be finishing our essay all about Islam.

So, I hope you have a wonderful day.

I hope you had a lovely lesson today, that you really enjoyed it.

I certainly enjoyed it, and I can't wait to see these essays.

I am so excited.

Have a lovely day, and I shall see you in our next lesson.

Bye!.