Lesson video

Hello and welcome to another Religious Education lesson with me, Mr Green.

Today we are going to learn all about the Ten Obligatory Acts of Shi'a Islam.

Now in order to be able to do that and become a fine theological squire, I just need you to make sure you have four things with you: a pen, a different coloured pen some paper to do your fine theology work and of course, your theology brains.

So, if you need to take a moment to go and get any of those things, please do that now and join me back in just a second.

In order to become experts on the Ten Obligatory Acts there are a few things we are going to do together.

Firstly, we're going to understand the difference between the Five Pillars and the Ten Obligatory Acts.

Then I'm going to go on to explain what each of the Ten Obligatory Acts are, what they involve, then we're going to do some work to make sure that you are able to recall the names and the explanations of the Ten Obligatory Acts really clearly.

So, the five pillars of Islam and the ten obligatory acts.

The five pillars of Islam are obligatory for all Muslims, both Sunni and Shi'a, however, Shi'a Muslims follow them within a wider set of obligations.

Shi'a Muslims follow the ten obligatory acts and this is made up of four of the five pillars and six additional actions, and when you do the maths on that you take four of your five pillars, you add on the six additional acts and that gets the ten obligatory acts.

Now you might be wondering, well which of the five pillars can be sacrificed? The answer is none, none of them are sacrificed but one of them does not make it into the ten obligatory acts.

So, I wonder if you can figure out, which one that is and you can do that by thinking about these two questions: Can you list the five pillars? Which of these five pillars might not be included in the ten obligatory acts? The word acts is really important there.

So, I'll just give you a few seconds to see if you can remember and then identify which one might not be included.

So hopefully you've remembered the five pillars are the the Shahadah, Sala, Zakat, Sawm and Hajj and perhaps you managed to identify that the Shahadah is not included and that's not because it's not important it still is the absolute foundation of everything within Shi'a Islam but it's not included because, when you think about it, it's a belief isn't it and it's a belief that's kept on your mind at all times and the actions that are listed within the ten obligatory acts that we'll look at today make sure that is the case.

We'll see that in today's lesson, in particular the last four of the obligatory acts are aimed at outlooks in life, everyday actions in life to help make sure that Shi'a Muslim's stay on Allah's righteous path.

So, let's do a little bit of work to make sure we understand the difference between the five pillars and the ten obligatory acts.

So I'd like you please to summarise the information in that grey box in exactly 32 words, but make sure you use all the pink words and then explain for me which of the five pillars is not included in the ten obligatory acts and tell me why that is the case.

So, pause the video now for me please and then unpause it once you've finished.

Hopefully your work looks something like this your summary should say something along the lines of: the five pillars of Islam are obligatory for all Muslims, Shi'a muslims follow them within the ten obligatory acts and this is made up of four of the pillars and then six additional actions and then you've told me that the Shahadah is not included as it is belief not an action.

The ten obligatory acts help a Muslim ensure they're always putting the beliefs contained within the Shahadah into practise.

Now if you need to make any corrections or additions to your work, please pause the video now and do that with your different colour pen.

So, here you can see a list of the ten obligatory acts and you can see they're split into two colours.

Some in that blue slash green colour and five in black.

The ones I've highlighted in the different colour are ones you'll already be familiar with because they are one of the five pillars or very closely linked to one of the five pillars.

We're going to spend most of the time in today's lesson looking at the ones that are new so Jihad, encouraging good, forbidding evil showing love and disassociating from evil.

But before we move onto the new I just want to make sure that you can recall the things you have learnt already.

So let's just check we're familiar with the definitions of Salah.

Salah: the requirement to make five daily prayers to Allah.

Sawm is the requirement to fast during daylight hours throughout Ramadan.

Zakah is the requirement to pay 2.

3% of your idle wealth, above nisab, to charity, remember idle wealth is the money left over at the end of each year, after you've taken care of your basic necessities and nisab is the savings allowance within your idle wealth.

Hajj is the requirement to pilgrimage to Mecca and Khums is the requirement to pay 20% on any profits earned or accrued during the year.

So I'd like you please to copy out this table, it will be about a page, your whole side of A4 and then, add in the definition for the words you can see in pink there: Salah, Sawm, Zakah, Hajj and Khums. Unpause the video once you're done and we'll go through your work together.

So hopefully your work looks like this: Salah: the requirement to make five daily prayers to Allah.

Sawm: the requirement to fast throughout Ramadan.

Zakah: the requirement to pay 2.

5% of your idle wealth above nisab, to charity.

Hajj: the requirement to pilgrimage to Mecca and Khums: the requirement to pay 20% on any profits earned.

We'll turn our attention now then to the actions which we're not yet familiar with the first of which is Jihad, now Jihad means struggle, and there is both the greater Jihad and the lesser Jihad.

The greater Jihad is the individual personal struggle to fully submit to Allah.

And the lesser Jihad is the struggle to contribute to a good and fair Islamic society and being prepared to defend the faith.

Now the greater Jihad, as it says here, personal, spiritual struggle to fully submit to Allah and that would involve many things for example following all of the five pillars, they're things which are challenging to do.

Five prayers a day, giving money to charity fasting throughout the Islamic month of Ramadan, all of those are really difficult things to do and the greater Jihad would involve a Muslim consciously making an effort to do those things to fully submit to Allah and stay on his path.

And the lesser Jihad, the struggle to contribute to a good, fair Islamic society and being prepared to defend the faith and this could involve, for example, sharing the word of Allah, that helps to build and contribute to a good and fair Islamic society.

It could also involve conflict, if the Islamic society, the Islamic community was under threat it would be acceptable, under the idea of lesser Jihad to use force to defend the faith.

It would also involve working to maintain and restore peace.

So, to make sure we understand and can recall the different areas of Jihad, we're going to do some quick fire questions.

All I need you to do is listen very carefully to the question, look at the answers and identify either by pointing at it or just noting it in your mind which the correct answer is.

So, which of these offers a simple definition of the word Jihad? Struggle, conflict, peace or worship? Point to it now.

Struggle, well done.

Which of these offers a simple definition of the word 'Greater Jihad'? Struggle, personal struggle to submit to Allah, Struggle to defend faith from threat or no struggle at all? Point to it now.

Excellent, well done, the personal struggle to fully submit to Allah.

Which of these offers a simple definition of the word 'Lesser Jihad'? Same options.

Well done, the struggle to defend the faith from threat.

Which of these offers a simple definition of the word Jihad? Do that again for me.

Struggle, well done.

Which of these offers a simple definition of the word 'Greater Jihad'? Well done, the personal struggle to submit to Allah.

What we're going to do now is have a look at some statements, and the statements either link to lesser Jihad or greater Jihad.

And I need to you to point or identify in your mind whether it's a statement about greater Jihad or lesser Jihad.

So, keeping the Shahadah on your mind all day? Is that going to be an example of greater or lesser? It's an example of greater Jihad.

Being prepared to fight against people wanting to do harm to Islam? An example of greater or lesser? It's an example of lesser Jihad.

Being prepared to defend the faith in the name of Allah, greater or lesser? Lesser Jihad.

Praying five times a day, greater or lesser? Well done, it's greater.

Showing mercy to enemies you may have conflict with, Greater or lesser? Lesser, well done! Working to promote and restore peace? Lesser Jihad, well done.

Zakah? One of the five pillars.

Greater Jihad, well done.

Khums? Greater Jihad.

Hajj? Pilgrimage, greater or lesser? It's greater, well done.

So, no we've gone through that I'd like you to return to your table.

I'd like you to fill in the Jihad row and as you're doing that I want you to make sure you're using the words that I've given you here.

The words I've given you here are struggle, greater, lesser, prayer, Salah, Sawm, defending, mercy and peace.

So essentially what I'm asking you to do is get some definitions down and then you can see I've also included some examples, so make sure you can also identify whether the examples are an example of greater or lesser Jihad in your work.

So, pause the video now for me, have a go at that and then unpause it and join me for some feedback.

Well done, hopefully you managed to write something that looks like this.

That Jihad means struggle and there is both the greater Jihad and the lesser Jihad.

The greater Jihad is the individual personal struggle to fully submit to Allah and this includes prayer, Zakah, Sawm and Hajj.

The lesser Jihad is the struggle to contribute to a good and fair Islamic society and being prepared to defend the faith.

It would also involve showing mercy and working for peace if you were in a conflict defending the faith.

Now, what I'd like you to do is pause the video and just check your work against this answer here and with a different colour pen make any corrections or additions to your work so you can make sure your theology is as wonderful as it possibly can be.

So pause the video now and then join me again in a moment.

When we look at this screen then we can see that we have now have gone over the first six of the ten obligatory acts and that leaves us with seven to ten to do, which we'll cover in a moment but just before we move on, let's just remind ourselves what each of these six are.

So Salah the requirement to make five daily prayers to Allah.

Sawm the requirement to fast throughout the Islamic month of Ramadan.

Zakah, the requirement to pay 2.

5% of your idle wealth, above nisab, to charity.

Hajj, the requirement to pilgrimage to Mecca Jihad, the greater Jihad is the struggle to submit to Allah and the lesser Jihad is the struggle to defend the faith.

And Khums that 20% payment on any profits earned during the year.

So now lets look at actions seven through to ten.

So the first pair, encouraging good and forbidding evil.

Encouraging good means to actively promote good behaviour in others, and this would include things which are allowed under Shari'a law, for example a Muslim may promote the importance of following the five pillars to others.

Forbidding evil is about discouraging people from breaking Allah's rules.

For example, if someone was considering not paying their Zakah, or committing adultery, a Shi'a Muslim would discourage this and it's instructed to, under their title of forbidding evil.

The second pair, showing love and disassociating from evil.

Muslims need to show love to Allah and all of Allah's followers and that will help them to follow Allah's teachings.

Equally Muslims should try to separate themselves from those who oppose Allah, again that will help ensure Muslims stay on Allah's path.

Perhaps you can understand now, why these have been added by Shi'a Muslims. You can see that the four bits of information on the screen about everyday attitudes and actions and if a Muslim is to truly submit to Allah then this really should impact upon their everyday actions, their attitude and their outlook.

These actions, encouraging the good, forbidding the evil, showing love and disassociating from evil and hatred help a Muslim to do that and it means they really are able to focus on God throughout the day, every single day.

So I'd like you now, to return to your table and fill in the final four rows of your table using the words you can see here.

So press pause now, have a go at that and join me for feedback in just a moment.

Well done, so check your work against this.

Encouraging good: actively promoting good behaviour in others.

That would include things which are allowed under Shari'a law, for example a Muslim may promote the importance of the Salah prayers and Zakah.

Forbidding evil, discouraging people from breaking Allah's rules, for example if someone was not considering paying their Zakah or committing adultery, a Shi'a Muslim would discourage this.

Showing love, Muslims need to show love to Allah and all of Allah's followers, this will help them to follow Allah's teachings and disassociate from evil, Muslims should try to separate themselves from those who oppose Allah, again this will help ensure Muslims stay on Allah's path.

So if you need to, please pause the video to check your work and make any corrections or amendments.

Excellent, right the next thing we are going to do is make sure we can remember all this key information in the table.

I'm going to remove something from this table and you just need to say to your screen what has gone missing? So tell me what the definition of Zakah is, go! Well done, charity.

Tell me what Khums is? Excellent, additional charity.

What's showing love? Well done, showing love to Allah and His followers.

What's Khums? Well done, additional charity.

What's encouraging good? Excellent commanding what is good.

What's Sawm? Brilliant fasting.

What's Salah? Excellent prayer.

What's Hajj? Good pilgrimage.

What's Jihad? Brilliant, struggle to submit to Allah.

What's missing now? Well done showing love to Allah and His followers.

Now what's missing? Good, separating yourself from those who oppose Allah.

Now what's gone missing? Additional charity.

Now what's gone missing again? Additional charity.

What's gone missing this time? It's a name, what's the name for pilgrimage? Hajj, well done.

What's the name for additional charity? Khums, excellent.

What's the name for fasting? Excellent Sawm.

Keep going, now what's gone? Excellent, encouraging good.

Now what's gone? Excellent showing love.

Now what's gone? Excellent, disassociating from evil.

What's gone this time? Well done, encouraging good.

Now what's gone? Excellent, Zakah.

Now what's gone? What's fasting? What's the key term? Sawm, well done.

What's gone this Time? Commanding what is good, Shari'a law? Well done encouraging good.

What's gone this time? Excellent showing love.

What's gone again? Sawm, well done.

Now what's gone? The key term and the definition.

What comes after Hajj in the ten obligatory acts? Excellent it's Jihad the struggle to submit to Allah.

Now what's gone, another one? Gone entirely what is it? Well done, Zakah, charity.

What's gone this time? It's paired up with encouraging good? So what's the opposite of encouraging good? Forbidding evil.

Now what's gone, paired up with disassociating from evil? Which ones that, can you remember? Well done, showing love, showing love to Allah and His followers.

What's gone this time, another one from the top? Can you remember? It's Sawm, fasting, well done.

What's gone this time? Paired up with forbidding evil, the opposite to that one was? Encouraging good, commanding what is good.

What's gone this time, top one? Can you get it? Salah, prayer, well done.

What's gone this time? Again, paired up with disassociate from evil? Showing love well done.

Now which one's gone? Opposite to showing love? Is, go on say it to yourself, say it to yourself, you know it.

I know you do! Disassociate from evil, well done.

Another one gone, what is it this time? Forbidding evil well done.

Another one? Go on say it to yourself.

You got it right didn't you? Well done that is encouraging good.

Ah a pair gone this time, can you tell me which two are missing? Getting harder and harder.

Well done its Jihad and Khums. Which pair have gone now? Two from the top, two from the top.

Two from the top please and the two from the top are? Salah and Sawm, now which two have gone? The bottom pair can you remember what they are? Love and hatred, so you should have showing love and disassociate from evil.

Now which pair have gone? Forbidding evil and showing love.

Another pair, can you get the two? Brilliant well done, Jihad and Khums. Wow, hopefully that has enabled you to recall all that key information.

To make sure you can recall all that information can you please see if you can give the brief definition for each of the ten key terms you can see on the board, you don't have to draw it out as a table at all just the name of the act and then a very short simple definition to check you can remember it.

Pause your screens now and then rejoin me once you're finished.

So hopefully your work looks like that you managed to remember that Salah was prayer, Sawm was fasting Zakah is charity, Hajj is pilgrimage, Jihad the struggle to commit to Allah Khums additional charity, encouraging good so commanding what is good, forbidding evil forbidding what is evil, anything that would break the Shari'a law, showing love to Allah and His followers and disassociating from evil, making sure you separate yourselves from those who oppose Allah and his laws.

So lets do it the other way around now, see if you've been given the definition can you remember the key term that matches it.

See if you can do that for me, off you go, pause the video for me now.

Right lets check your work again so hopefully you've got that prayer was Salah, fasting was Sawm, charity was Zakah, pilgrimage was Hajj struggling to submit to Allah was Jihad additional charity was Khums, commanding what is good is encouraging good forbidding what is evil is forbidding evil showing love to Allah and His followers is showing love and separating yourself from those who oppose Allah is disassociating from evil.

Now this is the final one, see if you can do it all.

Please resist the temptation to look at any of your previous work, you know you can do this if you try really hard and I know you can do this too, so see if you can write out the ten acts and the very brief definitions, have a go if you do it you will feel terrific pause the video now, and have a go.

Excellent, how many did you get? All ten? Lets see.

Salah, prayer; Sawm, fasting; Zakah, charity; Hajj; pilgrimage; Jihad, the struggle to submit to Allah; Khums, additional charity; encouraging good, commanding what is good; forbidding evil, so stopping people and discouraging people from breaking the Shari'a law; showing love to Allah and His followers and separating yourself from those who oppose Allah.

Terrific work, again you will have learnt a lot today but prove that you've learnt a lot, make sure you go and check out the quiz and take the quiz to check you can remember everything.

If you want to share your work with Oak National Academy please ask your parent or carer to share your work on Instagram Facebook or Twitter using the information you can see on the screen.

Thank you very much for joining me for another terrific theology lesson you can now consider yourself a fine and wise and noble theological squire.

Well done and I will see you again soon.