Hello, I'm Miss Kendrick and welcome to this revision lesson on the matters of life and death unit.

In this unit, we've been looking at many topics that fit with lots of different exam boards.

So do make sure you're aware about which one's best fit with the example that you're on.

And in this lesson, we're going to be revising some of those key ideas.

So we're going to be looking at some examination style questions, and we're just going to have returns and key concepts and keywords and things like that.

In this lesson, we will be recapping beliefs about death and the treatment of animals as well as we might be referring to abortion and euthanasia as well.

So for some students, this might be a sensitive topic, and if that applies to you, you might want to do the rest of the lesson with a trusted adult nearby who can offer support.

For the session, you're going to need a pen or pencil some paper A different coloured pen.

And the will to think really hard because when we're revising, the more we think hard about the knowledge that we're trying to learn, the more likely we are to remember it.

So we want to go into this revision really positively, we're going to be starting by recognising what we already know.

And we're going to work on adding to that.

And it's that added knowledge that we really want to focus on.

Sometimes we can be really comfortable with what we already know, can't we, because it feels very safe.

And it can feel a bit daunting, recognising all the things we don't know.

But the reality of life is that we are We never know anything.

And one of the most important lessons I learned when I went to university was how much I didn't know.

I definitely went into it thinking I knew quite a lot about R.

A because I went to university and did theology.

And I came out of my degree thinking actually, I barely know anything because my eyes have been open to all of the things I don't know.

So don't be intimidated by that.

Because I think the sooner we recognise how much we don't know and are comfortable with it, the easier it is for us to approach revision, because then we can just be really clear on what we don't know without feeling bad about it, because we're never going to know everything in the world are we? but for the sake of your examination, there's certain things that would be very useful to know so you can get some good grades.

So with that in mind, we're going to start by doing a recap on a mind map.

So here I've got a mind map with all of the different topics that we've looked at in this unit.

And your first task is to copy down this mind map and add to it, everything you can remember.

And when I say that I'm giving you about 15 minutes, so you could possibly spend an hour or two even more if you really know your stuff, but I want you to get some general knowledge down.

Make sure you're using key words if you've got any quotations that are relevant, then throw those in as well.

And it's different views, so different views from different denominations, like Roman Catholics or Church of England, or different types of Christians like fundamentalist or liberal, different types of Muslims as well.

So, in a second, I'm going to get to you to pause the video and do your own mind map.

Well done for all our hard work.

I hope as you start to think one thing, it jogs your memory for other things as well.

And this is because the knowledge that you're building up in your head is a bit like a web, where it's got lots of things connected to one another.

And the more we strengthen our knowledge, the more we strengthen our connections, and also the easier it is to plug in new knowledge as well.

So keep that in mind as we go through the lesson because what we're going to do now is we're going to do some quick fire questions and whilst we're doing them, you are going To have an opportunity to pause the video at any point and add the knowledge to your mind map.

Now, I will give you a chance to do it at the end.

But it might be that I asked you a particular question, you go, oh my goodness, I remember that.

And you remember a lot of other things as well.

And you just want to pause and add it to a mind map, and you have 100% control to do that.

So if I asked you a question halfway through the quick fire questions, and you suddenly think something you want to add, pause the video and do that.

And there'll be another opportunity at the end of the quickfire questions.

The other thing is that you need to be making these additions with a different coloured pen.

The reason why you need to do that is because that's going to show you the stuff that you didn't know as well.

So it's not necessarily saying you didn't know it at all.

It's more showing that all you needed to jog your memory for that one, maybe you don't know as firmly as some of the other things or maybe you didn't know it at all, and therefore it's something that you need to revise And this is where sometimes with my students, I get them to rate their knowledge, green, amber or red, green being that stuff they know really well.

Amber, they know that being that stuff that they might need their memory jogged, and red being the stuff where they go, Oh, I've never heard that before my life, which always happens with some things, you're never going to remember everything that happens in the lesson.

So we're going to do some quickfire questions now.

So be ready to pause the video if you need to.

Which understanding of Islam would say that animals evolved but that humans were created whole? So we're going with the word compromise for this question.

Why may some Muslims accept evolution? So both the Quran and evolution say that life began in water which understanding of Islam would say that all humans and Today we're created whole? traditional so they would argue that animals weren't evolved, but Allah created them whole.

And as we see them now is as they were when they were created Why they some Muslims reject evolution? because the Quran suggests that Allah made animals whole.

Which understanding of Islam would say that both humans and animals evolved? So modern, and remember that compromise the essence would argue that animals evolved but humans didn't like humans, especially created by Allah.

Whereas the modern view and some persons might argue that humans were evolved as well.

But they will still argue that humans are different animals that they're still special.

How does the Quran say that Eve was made? from the same so as Adam.

What is the Arabic Arabic word meaning 'steward' Khalifah Which of the environmental issues below fits with the definition, the long term change to weather systems due to a buildup of CO2 in the earth's atmosphere? that's climate change.

Which of the options below will a humanist not do in response to climate change? Pray so humans are humanists are usually atheists so they're going to be very unlikely to pray.

They don't believe in God to make any difference to climate change.

Which Christians will interpret the Bible literally? fundamentalists, All Christians except the Big Bang Theory.

true or false? that's false.

So fundamentalist Christians, for example, will rejects the Big Bang Theory.

Muslims and Christians have exactly the same beliefs about the origins of the universe.

true or false? That is false.

They're very similar beliefs, but there are a couple of differences.

So for example, Christians believe that God rested on the seventh day, whereas the Quran has no mention of that.

And in the Genesis creation story in Christianity, it says what was created on each day, whereas it doesn't have that same outline in the Quran.

So there's going to be some differences there.

What is the name of the ethical theory which states that we should do the action to bring about Most happiness for the most most people? Utilitarianism Which theory says that human life is sacred and therefore should not be destroyed? Sanctity of life and both Muslims and Christians agree with the sanctity of life.

And that's going to be our last question for the quickfire questions.

So, what you can do now if you need to is pause your video and add anything that you can to your mind map if you haven't paused already be haven't paused yet.

You do need to pause the video now and do that task.

So we're going to just have a overview of some key questions that draws the topics in this unit together because at first glance, they don't necessarily all seem to fit together.

But all of them are going to relate to some of these Questions.

So one of these is what's the relationship between science and religion? Well this crops up particularly when it comes to beliefs about the origins of the universe and origins of humanity.

So what are Christians and Muslims going to believe about the big bang theory? Some atheists would argue that scientific theories about evolution or the Big Bang Theory prove that religious beliefs are incorrect.

So what is that relationship? Because what we do see is many Christians and Muslims accepting scientific theories, but there are also some Christians and Muslims who rejects them.

So it is what is the relationship between science and religion? I will just say one of my pet peeves is that sometimes students believe that science has proved religion wrong.

Now, I'm not saying that there aren't people out there who believe that science has proved religion wrong.

But when it comes to what we mean when we talk about proof, scientific proof and philosophical proof or religious proof are often quite different.

And many religious people and many philosophers would say that religion goes beyond what science can prove.

And religion asks different questions to science.

So science is very focused on how things take place in the universe, an observation and things like that.

Whereas religion is much more focused on the why, you know, why is the universe here? What makes something good or moral? So don't assume that religion and science have to be polar opposites is basically what I'm saying that some people think they are but not everyone.

How do you beliefs about creation of humans and animals impact religious responses to ethical issues such as abortion or medical testing? So those beliefs about the origins of humanity and the origins of the universe really do affect how Christians and Muslims believe we should interact with the environment, if the world is God's creation, and if God has a plan for all people, then they would say that the way they act in life when it comes to things like abortion or medical testing, testing animals, treatment of animals for meat, they would say that all of those things can be impacted by how they see the world, and how their beliefs about the afterlife impacts religious responses to ethical issues.

So that was in the previous lesson, if you took part in it, focusing on the fact that Muslims and Christians generally believe that there is an afterlife and that they will be judged on their actions, and therefore they might be less focused on bringing about the greatest happiness and the greatest number of people in this life, which is what utilitarianism would say, and there might be more focused on following God's law and what they consider to be moral under Christianity or Islam.

So that's going to give them a very different world view.

So we're going to talk about worldviews, actually.

So a worldview is how someone sees and understands the world.

And this is going to impact on what they believe is ethical or not.

And there are several categories of worldview, including bias.

So those people who believe in God, and we're not talking about a specific religion here, we're just talking generally, and atheist.

And I think it's really hard to get across to what extent this will affect somebody's view of the world.

I'll give you a sort of day to day example.

And let's say somebody and doesn't get a job that they want.

And a couple of weeks later, they get a different job that actually turns out they wanted even more.

Now, some people might respond to that by saying, Oh, well, it was all God's plan in the end, or it was all how it supposed to be.

There's this view, that there is a bigger plan to life, the bigger plan to that for their own lives.

Whereas other people might just see that as pure coincidence, they might even just say it's luck.

Oh, luck out there, but it didn't get that first job and got the other one.

Or sometimes people talk about karma and the idea that, you know, people are punished or rewarded in this life for things that they do.

And often that's not even that connected to religion.

I think it's just a vague sense of justice that humans tend to have.

Now, world views, are going to have a massive impact on how someone sees the world, and it's actually really worth thinking for a moment, what do you think your own worldview is because that might really help you to understand yourself and understand other people's views as well.

And I often say to my students, especially at A level, so when we talk about worldviews.

I say to them, sometimes We'll come across something that you really don't like and you'll really object to it, you might have to get cross about it.

And all i ask them is to just think about why they get so cross.

Is it something in their worldview? Is their worldview being attacked by that thing, because when our worldviews are ah challenged, we often find very uncomfortable.

And this is why people often really struggle when something big happens in their lives, that really impacts the way that they see the world.

Anyway, I'm rambling a little bit.

I've got just some examples here about the two different worldviews that are relevant to what we're talking about the moment theists and atheists and the one nearest me is the atheist view.

furthest from me is theist.

So those people who are religious or who believe in Gods will generally believe that the world is created.

They might believe in the authority of God's Words.

So they might say the Bible or the Quran has moral authority.

They might leave In an eternal afterlife, and they might live in judgement in the afterlife as well.

And that's going to affect how they make ethical decisions in this life.

Whereas nearest me and atheist worldview might believe humans are evolved.

So they might be that with animals that were just smarter than other animals.

Science or reason has authority over religion or revealed texts like Bible.

There's the idea that we have one life.

And so they might want to make most of this life.

And they will believe that there's judgement only in this life.

So they might be more focused on what's considered moral within their culture.

But not saying that they're going to agree with all of morals in that culture.

But they're going to be much more focused on how they'd be judged in this life, rather than the belief they'll be judged in an afterlife.

So these are some worldviews and it's useful to keep this in mind.

So we're just going to go through humanism Christianity and Islam and then we're going to answer some questions.

So, again, we're going for overviews.

So humans are usually atheists.

This means they'll believe in scientific theories about origins of humanity.

They will also not believe that religious rules have any authority beyond what humans considered to be good.

So I'm not saying they'll disagree with all religious rule like things like do not murder is generally considered a good rule by all people.

But they're not going to say that authority from that rule comes from God.

They'll say that authority comes from human reasoning.

And many humanists will focus on maximising good in this life, which fits with utilitarianism.

Christian view Christians believe that humans are made in God's image, whether literally or symbolically, this is going to lead to the belief that humans are valuable, inherently valuable, they have to do anything to be valuable.

That's the belief that humans will be judged on their actions and this is going to be varying views.

On situation ethics or sanctity of life, in terms of how Christians believe they'll be judged, There's the belief in God's overall plan for humans and creations.

So, if you took part in my Christian beliefs unit, I regularly referred to this overall story in Christianity is the story of salvation.

So Christians will see themselves as part of that world that will be their worldview that God's doing work and in the world.

And as the belief that actions in this life have eternal consequences, so again, linking to judgement and heaven and hell, Islam again, Muslim believe humans are made specially by Allah.

There's the belief that Raqib and Atid record good and bad actions for judgement.

Shari'a Law is authoritative as it's revealed from Allah and Muhammad is a perfect example of how to live.

So there's going to be that there's going to be that authorities on how to behave.

submission to Allah is incredibly important.

And there's also the idea of predestination, which is more focused on in Sunni Islam, but Shia have a belief in predestination, but their focus is more on the belief that Allah predestined people to have free will.

So all of those things are going to affect and free will not free well, and the world view.

And I've got a nice story for the idea of predestination up here really quick.

So I've been outrageous.

I was in Egypt, and we're going along a motorway in a van with loads and loads of luggage.

And one of the suitcases fell off the back of the van we were travelling in and all of these cars around so I'd be beeping at us.

So the driver pulled over and we got out of the van and we looked at the motorway and this suitcase, it's split open and they're all these cars going over all the contents really, really fast and we thought Well, it's just a suitcase of stuff, we just have to buy more things and we're going to leave and then, all of these people started stopping their cars and dodging traffic to like get a shirt or get a pair of trousers, get half a suitcase and start bringing them to us.

And we just thought that was bad behaviour because we were like, don't risk your lives for a shirt.

You know, you can buy another shirt in the shop, but you can't get another year if you get hit by a car.

But the view was, and that Allah had already predestined their day of death.

And so if they died doing that, then that would be what Allah had decided.

It's this view of inshallah, of being in God's will.

And so that was a completely different perspective to us standing there watching people grab things from this suitcase to bring to us so we can see there.

How a worldview can really impact how people will behave.

So we're going to pause and you're going to have some questions on these different.

Okay, so we're going to just do a quick practise question.

And we're going to focus on animal testing and food and the different responses that Christians, Muslims and humanists are going to have on this.

So the key things to keep in mind here is the view from both Christians well, all groups really, that human life is more valuable than animal life.

But they all have slightly different reasons for that in terms of, is it because we're created by God? Or is it because we're just more intelligent than animals, for example? And we're going to have slightly different responses depending on whether we're looking at animal testing, whether we're looking at use animals for food.

So we're going to pause you're going to answer some questions and then we'll go through the answers.

Well done for answering all our unit questions, and I hope you were adding to your mind map as you went along because I know we've sort of got two sets of answers going on there.

But that's all part of revision.

It's going over things several times.

So again, we're going to pause, you're going to define these key words, get your definitions down.

And once you've checked your answers, again, add these keywords to your mind map because you should have them on there and make sure that you are explaining why they're relevant as well.

So why is fundamentalist views relevant to the creation story for example, so you can pause your video and have a look at these keywords.

Okay, final thing we're going to look at is just a couple of quotations because you do really need to know your quotations to be able to do on your examination because they're great evidence, we're talking about different beliefs, and lots of quotations linked to more than one belief as well.

So if you can remember quotation, and that maybe not remember specifically the Christian view and abortion, you could probably figure it out using the quotation if it was relevant one.

So we've got two quotations here.

It is not possible for one to die except by permission of Allah as a decree determine.

so this the idea that somebody and someone's life should not be taken, that only Allah can take some of these life and less it is in the case of something like capital punishment.

And we've got the quotation lets us make man in our image.

So this links to sanctity of life and the belief that humans are more important than animals.

And obviously notice first quotation comes from Islam.

The second comes from Christianity.

So next slide, you've got a table, and you need to apply these quotations to different issues.

So I'm going to give you an example before you go through this yourself.

So we've got abortion and euthanasia here.

So firstly, Muslims will usually be against abortion, unless it is the lesser of two evils.

For example, if the mother's life is at risk, this is because they believe only Allah should take life.

So that's applying that quotation to the topic.

If you were writing this in a full paragraph, you could write up quotations and then write what's in the great box to give a really full explanation.

In terms of the Christian view, and let's make man in our image applied to euthanasia.

Christians believe that all human life is valuable no matter the quality of that life and therefore against euthanasia.

So you're going to have a go at doing this yourself.

You need to be might remember my answers, but if you've got your own that's great and fill in the empty two spaces on the table.

Thank you so much for all of your hard work in this lesson.

Now you can go and do the exit quiz to practise some of the key knowledge from this unit.