Lesson video

Hi, my name is Miss Speakman.

We're lesson 10 of 14 of the human rights unit, and in today's lesson, we'll be looking at giving money to the poor.

So in our lesson today, we'll be looking at giving aid, which will be in the forms of long and short-term aid.

We're learning about charity.

So tithe in Christianity, and Zakah and Khums in Islam, and looking at charities that help the poor, and we're going to be specifically looking at Muslim Hands and Christian Aid.

So let's make sure that we're ready for our lesson first of all.

So we're going to need a pen or a pencil, a piece of paper or an exercise book, and a different coloured pen ready for corrections.

Please also make sure you've got a clear, quiet working space.

So TV, music off, phone to one side if you're not using it for the lesson, and making sure you've got a quiet space to work in.

If you're able to work in a quiet space, it means there's less distractions, which means you can learn better.

If you need to get yourself set up by pausing the video and going and grabbing those things, please do so now, and then unpause when you're ready to start our lesson.

Okay, fantastic.

Hopefully, you are now ready.

Let's get started.

We'll start off with two key definitions, which are short-term aid and long-term aid.

So short-term aid is aid given to communities in time of crisis, such as natural disaster.

And long-term aid is aid given to a country for a long period of time, often dealing with the causes of poverty rather than the effects.

So to give a very quick example, you might give money to a country when there's a natural disaster, sort of help them to essentially build things back up again after they've been destroyed or, that would be a form of short-term aid.

If you wanted to give a.

Can't get my words out.

If you wanted to give a form of long-term aid, you might help countries to build better buildings structures.

That means that if there was a natural disaster like an earthquake, those buildings will stay up and not fall down.

So, what I'd like you to do please is to write down these two definitions for me.

And then after that, I'm going to test you.

I'm going to give you lots of different ways of helping people in situations where there is poverty, and I want you to tell me whether it's short-term or long-term aid.

So pause the video now, please.

Write down these two definitions.

Unpause when you're done.

Okay, amazing.

Thank you very much for writing that down.

What I'm going to do is I'm going to disappear.

Then the next thing that you will see is a group of different types of aid, and you need to write down whether you think they're short-term or long-term aid.

Remember you got the two definitions to help you.

So if you're not quite sure, look at those definitions again and think which one does it fit more into.

The best way of thinking about it is, is it dealing with the immediate aftereffects of something like a natural disaster or something to do with the crisis, or is it specifically helping that country to deal with the cause of poverty in the first place? So I'm going to disappear.

Let's get started on those.

As you can see here, I've got a task.

You have got one, two, three, four, five, 12 different ways in which you might help somebody in a country which is suffering from poverty or a natural disaster, et cetera, and you need to tell me whether it's giving short or long-term aid.

What I'd like you to do is to write each one out, and the next to it, tell me whether it's short-term or long-term aid.

So we've got providing food, building a well, cancelling international debt, providing medical supplies, providing farm animals, building a dam, building a school, providing water, loaning building equipment, training new doctors, giving farming and fishing tools, and providing temporary shelters.

What I'd like you to do for me please now is to pause the video, write down whether each of them is long or short-term aid, then unpause when you are ready to move on.

So, please have a different colour pen out ready for corrections.

We're going to go through corrections together.

So you're going to need your different coloured pen out, and then what we'll do is we'll make corrections, we'll talk through them.

We'll say which one is which, and why it is the case.

If you need to go back if you're not quite finished, then rewind the video and do so.

But now we're going to go through corrections.

So short-term and long-term aid.

Providing food is short-term because, of course, that deals with the immediate crisis, but won't help with the cause of why they need food in the first place.

Building a well is long-term aid as it provides water.

Cancelling international debt is long-term.

It means then that country have more money to spend on its own country rather than paying back debts.

Providing medical supplies is actually short-term because those medical supplies will run out.

Training new doctors is long-term aid as it allows people to have the skills themselves.

Providing farm animals is long-term, as they can use the food from it, sort of like milk from a goat or a cow.

Building a dam is long-term, as that could help with water supplies, but also helping with natural disasters.

Building a school is long-term aid as then it can help children with an education.

Providing water, again like food, is short-term.

Loaning building equipment is short-term because they have to give that back, and then they won't have that use all the time, and sometimes also have to pay for it.

Training new doctors, as we said, is long-term because it gives people the skills they need to essentially to help those people in need medically.

Giving farming and fishing tools is long-term, as it allows people to sustain themselves.

We have been able then to fish and farm for themselves and provide food for themselves.

And then providing temporary shelters is short-term aid because, of course, those temporary shelters are temporary.

They won't always be there.

If you need to make any corrections, can you please pause the video now and do so, and then unpause when you are ready to move on.

Okay, I'm just going to pop up on the screen.

Okay, so what I want you to do is now to see whether you can remember three types of short-term aid and three types of long-term aid.

I don't want you to look at what you've just done.

You might be really, really tempted, but I want to see how much you can remember of what we've done so far.

So don't feel tempted.

I'm not expecting everyone to get like six out of six in terms of you got three of each.

What I want to see is how much you can remember.

So do this without looking, please, at what you've done already.

So I want you to pause the video, spend about three minutes on this, and then unpause when you are ready to look at the answers and just to double-check that you've written down three types of short-term, three types of long-term.

So, pause now.

Unpause when you're ready.

Okay, brilliant.

So thank you for writing those down.

Thank you for having a go.

I'm trusting you that you did this without looking at your work, okay? Let's go through the answers.

I'm going to just disappear again for this.

So providing food is short.

Building a well, long-term.

Cancelling international debt, long-term.

Medical supplies, short-term.

Providing farm animals, long-term.

Building a dam, long-term.

Building a school, long-term.

Providing water, short-term.

Loaning building equipment, short-term.

Training new doctors is long-term.

Giving farming or fishing tools is long-term, and providing temporary shelters is short-term.

If you got those, you can tick yourself.

Obviously, if you didn't get three for each and that's absolutely fine, but of course, if you want to make any corrections, I want you to do so now, please, by pausing the video, then unpause when you are ready to move on.

Okay, so I'm just going to pop up on the screen again.

So we've looked generally at the idea of short-term and long-term aid, giving help to the poor, dealing with those situations, which are very difficult situations.

We're now going to look specifically what Christian's teach about giving to the poor.

Now in Corinthians, it says, "You should each give them as you have decided, not with regret or out of a sense of duty, for God loves the one who gives gladly." So, many Christians teach that it's not a duty to give money to the poor because when people do our duty, then they're not doing it out of love for one another.

They're not doing it out of true compassion.

So many Christians say that when they give, they should do it gladly.

They should really want to help people who are poor.

Some Christians believe from the Old Testament teachings that they should give tithe.

Now tithe is 10% of one's income, which is given to charity.

So some Christians still tithe.

They will give 10% of their income to charity, but many Christians don't believe that this is expected of them.

Some people believe that the Old Testament teaches that they should, but many Christians say that that's no longer needed today.

We also then have the parable of the Sheep and the Goats.

This is a parable that Jesus teaches in which he says the good people are those who do good deeds to help other people to feed the hungry, to look after the sick, et cetera.

The bad people are like the goats who don't help.

And Jesus says that God will judge based on that, and he will separate the sheep from the goats.

The sheep will be the good people that have helped other people go to heaven.

The goats are the bad people who go to hell.

So many Christians say it's very important that they help people as that's part of following Jesus's example and following the teachings of Jesus in which he encourages giving and to help each other.

And in that verse, in that parable, Jesus says, "Whatever you did for even the least of these brothers of mine, you did for me." Essentially, what this means is whenever you help somebody, you're helping God.

You're helping part of God's creation.

And many Christians would also look at the love your neighbour teaching.

And I've talked about this before in some of my other lessons, if you watch them.

Love your neighbour is one of the most used verses when students are looking to use a verse in an exam.

Say like, it's loving to help people because Jesus taught love your neighbour, so you should do good things.

Absolutely, fine.

Yeah, you're not incorrect, but I really like it when people link into the the term agape 'cause it's the type of love that Jesus is talking about when he uses this verse, love your neighbour.

Agape love is, well, agape's a Greek word, which means selfless, sacrificial, unconditional love.

Essentially, the type of love that Christians believe God shows to humanity.

This idea that should be willing to put anybody first.

That anybody's your neighbour.

No one is more important than another.

Should be treating everyone with love and compassion.

And therefore many Christians believe that it is compassionate to care for people, give to the poor, especially those, including those people they don't know who live far away in different countries they may have never been to.

So in Christianity, giving to the poor is very, very important.

What we're going to do is do some multiple choice, quick-fire questions now.

What I think I really like about these types of questions is a really good way of testing understanding really quickly.

It's also a good way of not getting you to commit anything to paper just yet, until you feel a bit more confident with what we've studied.

So I'm going to give you a question.

They're going to be two possible answers.

I read it out.

I then give you a three second countdown.

After that, I expect you to point at the screen or say out loud which one you think is the correct answer.

We go through it.

We check it.

At the end you either say, "Yes, I got them all correct," or you say, "Oh, a couple of those incorrect.

That's okay because now I know which bits I need to go back over another time." So I'm going to disappear for that, and we're going to get started on our multiple choice quick-fire questions.

Let's go.

Many Christians believe it's right to help those in need.

Is that true or false? Three, two, one.

Good, that is true.

Many Christians believe it is right to help those.

Many Christians are guided by the concept of justice when it comes to helping the poor.

True or false? Three, two, one.

Good, that's true.

So many Christians would say it's just to help people.

You know, God is just, and therefore they should be fair and help distribute money out.

All Christians believe they should give tithe.

Is that true or false? Three, two, one.

That's false.

So not all Christians believe this.

Some may give it though.

The Parable of the Sheep and the Goats does not suggest helping the poor is important.

True or false? Three, two, one.

That's false.

The Parable of the Sheep and Goat says the opposite.

Agape love means a Christian should be willing to help anyone, not just those close to them.

Is that true or false? Three, two, one.

Good, that is true.

Agape love, selfless, sacrificial, unconditional love.

It's given to all people.

So, well done if you've got all of your multiple choice quick-fire questions correct.

We're now going to move on to Islamic views on giving to the poor.

So, just waiting for my face to appear.

There we go.

So in the Qur'an, there are a great number of teachings, which suggest that giving to the poor is very important.

Whereas we said in Christianity that giving to the poor is not really seen as a duty, in Islam it's one of the Five Pillars.

It's the idea that five practises are a must do in their life.

Now in the Qur'an, it says, "To parents do good, and to the relatives, orphans, the needy, the near neighbour, the neighbour further away, the companion at your side, the traveller." It's really clear in this verse that good things should be done to all people.

Not just to those that you know.

It obviously mentions parents, relatives, but it also mentions those people who are marginalised in society.

The orphans, the needy, but also those people who are near and far saying you should be willing to help anybody.

So many Muslims who believe it's important to help all people, and they would believe that that is done through Zakah, sadaqah, and Khums. Now Zakah is giving 2.

5% of your idle wealth at the end of the year after you've paid for your basic necessities.

This goes to charity.

This is then distributed out to those people most in need.

Islam also teaches that it's good to give sadaqah.

Sadaqah is extra voluntary charity on top of Zakah.

It's not, obviously, as voluntary.

It's not compulsory, and many Muslims choose to give this out, perhaps maybe at special occasions or may do it instead of, let's say a Muslim can't fast for whatever reason.

They might give sadaqah instead of that.

And Khums is within Shia Islam.

Khums is the idea of giving 1/5 of your monetary gains to charity on top of Zakah.

So Shia Muslims will give an extra charity payment, and this also is obligatory for Shia Muslims for those who are able to afford it.

In the Qur'an, it says, "Zakah expenditures are only for the poor and the needy." This verse actually goes on and names other groups.

I wanted to highlight this.

Specifically, it says that Zakah money should be going to the poor and the needy.

And so many Muslims who say, "Look, giving to the poor is part of being a Muslim." And that's helping the Ummah.

The Ummah essentially means an Arabic brotherhood, but is said to mean the community of Muslims. Not just now, but past, present and future.

That the past Ummah would have done things to affect and to help the present Ummah, which would be helping the present Ummah, but also doing things that will help those in the future too because you're all part of this one big community.

And so in Islam, giving to the poor also is very important.

What we're going to do is do some more quick-fire questions just to test your knowledge on giving to the poor in Islam.

Then we will do some questions, sort of bring this all together and to make sure we've got something written down about this.

So I'm going to disappear.

Let's get started.

Most Muslims believe the Qur'an does not address helping the poor.

True or false? Three, two, one.

That's false.

They believe that the Qur'an does talk about it.

Muslims believe giving Zakah is voluntary.

True or false? Three, two, one.

False.

Muslims believe this is obligatory part of the Five Pillars.

Not all Muslims will give Zakah payments.

True or false? Three, two, one.

That is true.

So those Muslims who can't afford to give Zakah will often be the ones who receive it instead.

All Muslims receive some money from Zakah.

Is that true or false? Three, two, one.

False.

It's distributed out to those people most in need of it.

Muslims are encouraged to give extra payments to charity.

Is that true or false? Three, two, one.

Good, that is true.

So Muslims are encouraged to give extra payments to charity, which is called sadaqah.

Sunni Muslims gave Khums. True or false? Three, two, one.

Good, that is false.

It is Shia Muslims. Well done if you've got all of those correct.

We're now going to move on to looking at some longer questions, as I said, to write down what we've learned so far.

So what I'd like you to do is to answer the following questions.

Spend about five minutes on these.

You've got sentence starters to help you with these as well.

What do Christians believe about giving to the poor? What is tithe? Do all Christians pay this? What do Muslims believe about giving to the poor? And what is Zakah? How does this help the poor? What I'd like you to do, please, is to pause the video now to have a go at answering these questions.

Spend about five or so minutes on it, and then I want you to unpause when you're ready to go through the answers.

Okay, if you can see this screen, I'm assuming then you are ready for corrections.

Please have your different coloured pen out ready for corrections, and let's go through the answers.

So Christians believe that they should help those who are poor because this is showing agape love.

They believe they should do this gladly, not because it's a duty.

Tithe is giving 10% of your income to the poor.

Christians don't have to pay this because many believe, many Christians believe it's not a commandment.

Some do believe this though, and do give tithe.

Muslims believe that they should help the poor by giving regulars Zakah payments.

This helps care for the Ummah and treats everyone as equal in value.

Zakah is giving 2.

5% of idle wealth every year to charity.

This helps the poor because they receive the Zakah payments and they do not have to pay Zakah themselves.

If you need to make any corrections, please pause the video now and make those corrections for me, and then unpause when you are ready, and we're going to look at different charities that help the poor.

So two charities that help the poor we're going to have a look at are Muslim Hands and Christian Aid.

Now Muslim Hands is what we call an NGO.

This means a non-government organisation.

Muslim Hands look to address the root causes of poverty.

They look also to address short-term needs, such as natural disasters, and they also deal with a number of issues, including running orphan sponsorship schemes in 18 countries.

This is particularly important because Mohammed was an orphan himself, and so a lot of Islamic teachings also talk about the importance of helping the orphans alongside other people who are marginalised in society.

Then when we look at Christian Aid, this is a Christian charity that talks about being a partnership of people, churches and organisations all working together.

They work in over 37 countries and deal with both the short and long-term causes of poverty, and their goal is to end poverty and injustice.

You might see Christian Aid working a lot out in places in Africa.

So what we're going to do is that we're going to now sort of ask you some questions just to make sure that you've got a nice little sort of summary of what the works of these two charities do, as there's a really good thing to use in exam questions when you're answering them.

So I'm just going to appear on the screen quickly.

Actually, there we go.

So what I'd like you to do is to write down three facts about Muslim Hands and write down three facts about Christian Aid.

The reason why I asked you to do that, 'cause then you can easily use those facts in any answer you give in an exam question and use that as evidence.

Your evidence doesn't always have to be a direct quotation or a verse or a teaching, especially in the longer questions, the discuss or the evaluate questions, facts, and figures, or names of charities and explain what they do can also work really well as evidence.

So what I'd like you to do is to pause the video, spend about three minutes on this, and then unpause when you're ready and we'll go through it.

Okay, brilliant.

Let's go through it then, and see if you've got any facts or figures that match mine.

So I've got that Muslim Hands is an NGO, that they address the root causes of poverty, they address short-term needs, and they deal with a number of issues, including running orphan sponsorship schemes in 18 countries.

As for Christian Aid, I've got that they're a partnership of people, churches, and organisations that work in 37 countries dealing with both the short and the long-term causes of poverty and that their goal is to end poverty and injustice.

If you need to make any corrections, if we want to add anything to your list that you wrote, please pause the video now, then unpause when you are done with that.

Okay, let me just pop back up again.

It always takes ages.

So frustrating.

There we go.

So I want to say a huge, huge thank you for working so hard on our lesson today.

We've done a lot of work today.

We've looked at different causes of poverty.

We've talked about how we might deal with those causes of poverty, so like short-term and long-term aid, Christian and Muslim views, charities.

Amazing.

You've done great work today.

So again, a huge thank you.

I hope to see you again soon for another one of our lessons.

So, thank you again.

Goodbye.