Lesson video

Hi, my name is Miss Speakman for lesson six of 14 of the human rights unit.

And in today's lesson, we'll be doing a recap and a practise lesson.

I think these lessons are so good because they're a really good way of recapping what we've done so far, practising what we've done so far, without leaving it right to the last minute.

So usually revision's done on the last lesson of the unit and you then revise everything.

I think halfway through, it's really important to stop and say, we've learned so much and therefore it's an opportunity to recap it before we learn anything new.

So in today's lesson, as I said, we're going to have an opportunity to recap the learning in the first five lessons.

We're going to include some examination-style questions, and return to some key concepts.

I just think recap is really important, just as important as learning new content, because if you learn mostly new content and never revise it or recap it, you're going to forget a lot of it.

That's just the way our brains work.

But recapping things often and bringing it in before we do anything new is just a really good way of building on things.

Making sure we learn something really, really well inside out, and then hopefully we get to revision at the end of a unit, You won't be thinking, "Oh, I've got loads and loads to look over," but I actually, "I know some of this already." And that's good.

So let's get ourselves ready for the lesson first of all.

So you need a pen or a pencil, a piece of paper, an exercise book, and a different coloured pen ready for corrections.

You also need to make sure you've got a nice, clear, quiet working space.

So TV and music off, phone to one side if you're not using it for the lesson and then making sure you've got a quiet space to work in.

If you're able to work quietly, it means you can concentrate better.

If you need to go and grab any of those things, get yourself ready, then please pause the video and do so now.

And then unpause and we'll be ready to move on and start recapping.

Okay.

So are you ready to begin? First thing I'm going to do is to get us to think about the unit that we've looked at so far, human rights.

Perhaps maybe you've not looked at any of my lessons previously and you're arriving at a time we're going to do a recap lesson.

That's great, because it's a really good opportunity to think about what you know, whether it's from my videos or in general about the human rights lessons.

So I'm going to disappear and I'm going to ask you a question, but what I'd like you to do is to spend about two minutes on this, not any longer than this.

It's just an initial jot down of thoughts.

You're going to write down as many key terms as you can remember from the first five lessons.

You don't need to define them.

You don't need to tell me what they mean.

If you've not watched any of my videos before, you're going to note down as many keywords you can think of that are in relation to the human rights unit.

The same thing, you don't have to define them.

So we're going to pause the video now and write those down and then unpause when you're ready to move on.

Okay.

Let me just appear.

There I am, good.

So the terms I've got here, there may be more, these are all the ones I could remember within two minutes.

I even tested myself when I was writing this lesson.

So human rights, social justice, prejudice, discrimination, homophobia, sexism, racism, censorship, agape, Ummah.

I've got 10.

10 in two minutes.

I'm pretty impressed at that.

If you've got some of these on your list, then absolutely well done, that is brilliant.

If you've got some others, that's not to say that they're not keywords for this unit.

These are the 10 I could remember in two minutes, and I'm sure you can come up with some that aren't on that list, but these are perhaps maybe the 10 most important.

So you can tick yourselves if you say, "Oh yeah, I've got that too." If you've got added ones, like I said, that's absolutely fine.

You might have thought of something I didn't.

If so, well done, you.

But essentially what I want us to do is just to really think about, first of all, those key concepts within this unit, and then we'll be revising quite a few of these in this lesson today.

What I'm going to get us to do now is to test you on these keywords.

So I told you that I didn't want you to define them.

That's because now I'm going to test you on whether or not you know the definitions and can identify the keyword associated with a particular definition.

So I'm going to disappear and we're going to have a go at some multiple choice quickfire questions.

Usually when I do these, there are two options.

For these ones, there'll be four options.

This sort of mirrors the sort of structure that you use as an AQA in the exam.

In AQA, they give you a multiple choice or marked question, which gives you four possible answers.

We're going to do something along those lines.

It's also just a really good way of testing knowledge.

So I'm going to give you a keyword, and you just tell me which one's the correct definition, or the other way round.

I'm essentially going to read out the question and the options and give you a countdown of three seconds.

After that, I expect you to either point at the screen or say out loud which one you think is the correct answer.

It doesn't matter if you get some of them wrong.

The whole point of a recap lesson is to highlight some things that you do know, some things you don't know, and things that you know you need to go back to.

So I'm going to disappear.

Let's get started on those.

Which of these is the definition of human rights? Is it striving to fix the injustices in society, prejudging people to be inferior or superior without cause, prejudice and discrimination based on sexual orientation, or the things we are entitled to on the basis that we are human.

Three, two, one, good.

You should have said the things we are entitled to on the basis that we are human.

Which of these is the correct definition of social justice? Striving to fix the injustices in society, prejudging people to be inferior or superior without cause, prejudice and discrimination based on sexual orientation, or the things we are entitled to on the basis that we are human? Three, two, one, good.

It's striving to fix the injustices in society.

Which of these is the correct definition of homophobia? I'm not going to read out the options this time because we read them out twice now.

So three, two, one, good.

It's prejudice and discrimination based on sexual orientation.

Which of these is the correct definition of prejudice? Again, I'm not going to read out the answers.

Three, two, one, good.

Prejudging people to be inferior or superior without cause.

Perhaps maybe you thought, "Oh, it's the only one she hasn't said yet." You were right.

Which of these is the correct definition of discrimination? Acting in a way to disadvantage certain people on the basis of a pre-judgment, pre-judging people to be inferior or superior without cause, prejudice and discrimination based on sexual orientation, or prejudice and discrimination based on sex? Three, two, one, good.

It's acting in a way to disadvantage certain people on the basis of a pre-judgment.

Which of these are the correct definition of sexism? Again, I'm not going to read out the options because I've read them out before.

Three, two, one, good.

It's prejudice and discrimination based on sex.

Which of these is the correct definition of racism? Is it the selfless love that many Christians believe Jesus showed, the worldwide community of Muslims, prejudice and discrimination based on race or ethnicity, or limiting access to materials that are considered offensive? Three, two, one, good.

It's prejudice and discrimination based on race or ethnicity.

Which of these is the correct definition of censorship? I'm not going to read out the answers again.

Three, two, one, good.

It's limiting access to materials that are considered offensive.

Which of these is the correct definition of Ummah? Three, two, one, good.

It's the worldwide community of Muslims. To go even a bit further than that, its past, present, and future considered part of the Ummah.

Which is the correct definition of agape? Three, two, one, good.

It's the selfless love that many Christians believe Jesus showed or that God showed to humanity.

Which of these is the correct definition of social justice? Striving to fix the injustices in society, pre-judging people to be inferior or superior without cause, prejudice and discrimination based on sexual orientation, or the things we are entitled to on the basis that we are human? Three, two, one, good.

Striving to fix the injustices in society.

Which of these is the correct definition of discrimination? I'm not going to read out the options this time.

Three, two, one, good.

Acting in a way to disadvantage certain people on the basis of a pre-judgment.

Which of these is the correct definition of human rights? Again, I'm not going to read out the answers.

Three, two, one, good.

It's the things we're entitled to on the basis that we are human.

Well done if you've got all of those correct.

There were some long definitions there, there were some repeats.

I did this on purpose so that we could get to grips with some of these definitions.

So well done if you've got those all correct, if you didn't, that's absolutely fine.

The more you practise these, the better you will get at them.

But now I'm going to move on.

So we have looked at a number of religious teachings within Islam and Christianity about prejudice, discrimination.

Which ones can you remember? So can you remember any specific teachings about homophobia, sexism, disability, and race from Christianity and Islam? I don't want you to spend any longer than four minutes jotting down anything you can remember, because we're going to go through this individually together anyway.

I just want you to see from what you've looked at so far, whether it be with my lessons or with your own lessons at school, I want you to jot down anything you can remember from Islam and Christianity about what they teach about prejudice and discrimination based on homophobia, sexism, disability, or race.

So what I'd like you to do is spend about four minutes on this, pause the video now, and then unpause when you're ready to move on and we'll look at homophobia, sexism, disability, and race in more detail, according to Christianity and Islam.

What we're going to do is we're going to recap each sort of section.

So homophobia, sexism, race, disability, so that we are 100% clear on what Christianity and Islam teaches about prejudice and discrimination based on those things.

It's also a really good idea then to do that as well, because let's say you've not watched all of my lessons or you've missed some lessons here and there.

It's a really good way of us just catching up with the key stuff so far.

So Christian views on sexism.

Christians, we'll start off by saying that many of them believe that humans are made in the image of God.

So it says, so God created human beings, making them to be like himself.

He created the male and female essentially at the beginning of creation.

Many Christians believe that God made humans in his image.

What this means is that they reflect the qualities of God and that God loves each and every single one of them individually because he made them.

Many Christians interpret this, although it says create the male and female, that he created them equal in value and therefore sexism would be wrong because it's treating people differently based on their gender or their sex.

We also have the verse in Galatians, which I've always said I think is fantastic for this unit because it can be used for so many of the different topics where it says there's no difference between Jews and Gentiles, Gentiles, are non-Jews, between slaves and free people, between men and women.

You are all one in union with Christ Jesus, essentially saying there is no difference between you.

Where there is difference, that's not something that can be discriminated against or that God loves one group more than another.

It actually says here God loves everybody equally because you were all part of God's creation.

However, it is worth saying that there are some teachings within both Christianity and Islam which do look at first to be quite controversial and seem to actually advocate for men and women to be treated differently.

So for example, 1 Corinthians, it says that women should keep quiet in the meetings.

They're not allowed to speak.

As the Jewish law says, they must not be in charge.

Some Christians interpret this as women should stay silent within worship, that they shouldn't lead worship.

Therefore some denominations will not allow women to be ordained as a priest or a bishop.

In the Church of England, they have recently allowed women bishops, but not everyone's particularly happy with this in the church of England.

Some people still protest about this.

Some people might see that as sexist and some people might say, well, this is what the Bible teaches.

Therefore, women should not be in authority, but can also take a big part in church readings, for example.

So while the majority of Christians would say sexism is wrong, and even perhaps those who say that women shouldn't have authority will still say that sexism is wrong, but just women shouldn't have a place of authority within the church.

Some people disagree with this.

So that's Christian views on sexism, Islamic views on sexism, we look, first of all, at the Qur'an, which says whoever does righteous deeds, whether male or female, while being a believer, those will enter paradise and will not be wronged.

Many Christians would say that the most important thing it's saying here is your good and your bad deeds.

That's what matters.

It's not to do with whether you're male or female, none of you get preferential treatment into paradise.

It's based on your good and your bad deeds.

So your idea of sexism, don't be sexist, because that's not something that Allah takes into account himself in terms of whether you're male or female.

We then also have sort of traditional views of the role of the woman in Islam, where it says men are in charge of women by right of what Allah has given one over the other.

So traditional roles of men and women in Islam is quite common in Islamic thought, this idea that the men and women are created equal in value, but they have different physical characteristics and therefore different purposes as created by Allah.

Many Muslims believe that it's the job of the man to go out and work for the family, to provide financially, and that women should stay at home, look after the children in the house and to raise the children in the faith of Islam.

Some Muslims in Western society are perhaps more what we might call liberal Muslims may think that those roles are interchangeable, but the traditional roles of men and women in Islam are that the man goes to work and the woman stays at home.

So that's the ideas of sexism within Christianity and Islam.

Moving on, then, to homophobia.

So discrimination and prejudice based on sexuality.

Again, we can refer to people being made in the image of God, according to Christianity.

And many Christians would say if people are all made in the image of God, everyone is sacred, special, and loved and is valuable because of just being created by God, that nothing else matters.

So some Christians might refer to this and say that you shouldn't treat anyone differently based on their sexuality because God made them that way.

Some Christians, though, may disagree with homosexuality because of certain teachings about the purpose of a relationship.

So for example, in Genesis, Adam and Eve were told to have many children.

And some Christians may disagree with homosexuality because of the fact that a homosexual couple cannot have children in the same way that a heterosexual couple can.

However, many Christians say we might disagree with homosexuality, but it doesn't mean we can discriminate based on it.

And therefore homophobia is still wrong.

There's also reference to a story called Sodom and Gomorrah in Genesis, where essentially two cities, Sodom and Gomorrah, are destroyed by God because of their sinful acts.

Some of those sinful acts, many Christians believe, are homosexual acts.

And therefore some people would interpret this to say, well, homosexuality is wrong.

God disapproves of it.

However, still many Christians would say it doesn't mean you can discriminate people based on their sexuality.

And then we'll refer as well to Jesus's teaching love your neighbour.

Now we're going to talk about loving your neighbour.

As I've said before in my videos, and I say to my students all the time, if you're going to be using love your neighbour, talk about agape love.

Make it really clear what type of love Jesus is talking about when he talks about loving your neighbour.

He's talking about agape love, which is selfless, sacrificial, unconditional love.

The same sort of love that God shows to humanity is what Christians believe.

And so it doesn't mean just loving somebody who's your friend or being loving to the person next door.

So what it essentially means that you should be willing to show love to anybody unconditionally, selflessly, sacrificially.

So many Christians would believe regardless of whether or not you personally disagree with homosexuality, it's never okay to discriminate based on this, and that is not showing agape love.

Islamic views and homophobia, then.

The Qur'an is quite clear that homosexual acts are forbidden.

Now it says, "Indeed, you approach men with desire, instead of women.

Rather, you are a transgressing people." Transgressing means moving away from what you're meant to be doing.

So essentially what it's saying here to men is if you desire men in the same way that you desire women, you are going against what Allah has created you for.

So many Muslims would be against homosexuality.

And in Sharia law, homosexuality is actually a punishable offence.

In some Muslim countries, it might be the death penalty.

And in other Muslim countries it could be prison or a fine.

Now, many people might say this is in some way discriminatory and treats people who are homosexual unfairly.

Some Muslims would say that Sharia law can never be unjust because it's from God.

And so, although this may be a penalty from God for homosexual acts, it doesn't mean that individuals have a right to be discriminatory against those people who were homosexual, and many Muslims, although they might be against homosexuality, would be completely against discrimination, as it's not down to them to judge.

Many Muslims might say it's down to Allah to judge people based on their actions.

Now, what we're going to do now is we're going to do some questions.

So I'm going to disappear and I'm going to bring all this together with you so you can make sure that's really, really nice and clear, the views on sexism and homophobia within Christianity and Islam.

So I want you to complete these true or false questions for Christianity.

The creation story implies all people are created equally, true or false.

We cannot find any verses within the Bible, other than in Genesis, to show that men and women are seen as equal, true or false.

Paul's letter to the Corinthians has led to some examples of prejudice and discrimination, true or false.

All Christians believe that men and women are not equal and therefore should have different roles, is true or false.

Because what I'd like you to do when you do this is to copy out a sentence and then write true or false because, and give your reasoning why.

When you have finished, you need to unpause the video and we will go through corrections together.

So if you're not quite sure, that's absolutely fine.

We will go through the answers together.

So I'd like you to pause now, if you please, unpause when you're ready for corrections.

Okay, if you can see this slide, I'll assume that you are ready for corrections.

So please have your different-colored pen out ready for corrections.

If you're not quite done, that's absolutely fine.

You can rewind the video, but then come back to us when you're ready for corrections.

So the first one is true, because the Bible does talk about everyone being made in God's image.

Therefore, all humans are special and precious regardless of sex or gender.

Second question is false because the passage from Galatians says there is no difference between male and female and that all are one in Jesus.

Three is true because some have interpreted this to mean that men and women are not equal.

And four is false because some may believe this, but many Christians may say men and women are equal in value, but should have different roles.

Some may say men and women are equal and can have the same roles.

If you need to make any corrections, can you do so now, please, by pausing the video.

Well done for working so hard so far.

Unpause when you're ready, and we'll move on to the next task.

So we're now going to do these four questions again, true or false questions that you're going to write out and then you're going to write true or false and then give me the reasoning why.

There are two questions on Christianity and two questions on Islam.

Pause the video now, please, and then unpause when you are ready for corrections.

Okay, I'm assuming then that we are ready for corrections.

If we're not the rewind the video, continue with your task, and then come back to me when you're ready.

Let's make sure we've got our different colour pens out and that we are ready to correct.

Let's go.

So some Christians may not approve of homosexuality is true because believe God instructed males and females to reproduce and homosexual relationships cannot reproduce.

All Christians allow discrimination based on sexuality is false because although some may disagree with homosexuality, Christians are taught to love their neighbour, which means loving unconditionally.

Islam is generally against homosexual relationships is true because Sharia law outlines, in some instances, the punishments for homosexual acts is death.

All Muslims believe it's permissible to discriminate based on sexuality is false because many Muslims believe all humans are created by Allah and should be respected.

Again, if you need to make any corrections, please do so now by pausing the video.

Then when you unpause, we're going to look at prejudice and discrimination based on disability and race.

Well done so far.

Moving on, then, to Christian views on prejudice and discrimination based on disability.

Many Christians, again, this idea of human beings being equal because they're made in the image of God also applies to prejudice and discrimination based on disability.

Many Christians say that all human beings are loved and valued and special by God, regardless of what they look like and their abilities and whether they've got disabilities or not.

So many Christians say it was not right to discriminate based on disabilities.

We might look to examples of Jesus's healing miracles, which teach Christians look after those who are disabled, to show compassion and love in the same way that Jesus did.

Many of the healing miracles Jesus performs in the Bible are with people who would have been marginalised in society, avoided by society.

At the time of Jesus, many people believed that disabilities were a result of sins, like as a punishment from God.

And so Jesus's miracles and healing those people marginalised in society teaches Christians to essentially follow Jesus's example and help those and show compassion towards those who may be treated differently because of their disability.

Therefore, of course, prejudice and discrimination based on disability is exactly against that example of Jesus.

And again, we can talk about agape love, the selfless, sacrificial, unconditional love.

It is not agape love to discriminate based on disability.

Then we're looking at Islam.

Many Muslims believe that all humans are equal as God made all humans, including those with disabilities, very similar to Christianity except that Muslims don't believe that humans are made in the image of God in the same way as Christians.

They believe that all humans are equal in value because they're all creations of Allah, and therefore people with disabilities are just as loved as people without disabilities.

There are lots of stories in the Qur'an and in the hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad looking after those people and treating people with disabilities with kindness.

There's even a story of a woman with learning disabilities who Muhammad talks to and comforts until she feels happy and safe.

And some early Muslim societies, following that example of Muhammad, actually provided state care for the disabled.

In some ways we might say that Islamic societies were ahead of its time because they treated those people who were often marginalised in society and specifically looked out for them.

And then we also have the idea within Islam that some Muslims believe that things like disabilities are seen as a test from Allah, but many Muslims believe that Allah does not give someone a test or a challenge that they wouldn't be able to cope with.

And this comes from the verse "Allah does not charge a soul except with that within its capacity." What that means is Muslims believe, yes, it might be a test of faith to see how loyal and whether the people still submit to Allah, but he wouldn't give somebody a test or challenge that they could never cope with.

So what we're going to do now is move on to some multiple choice quickfire questions.

What I think is really, really good about these is it's a really good way of testing understanding before, then, we go into any longer questions.

Essentially it's like those ones we did at the beginning.

This time, I'm only going to give you two options so that you can choose between those two options.

And then after that, we'll look at Muslim and Christian views on disability.

No, we're going to look at Muslim and Christian views on prejudice and discrimination based on race.

It's too many words for me to say, I can't cope with it.

So let's do our multiple choice quickfire questions, then move on to some more views.

Most Christians made that all humans are born equal.

Is that true or false? Three, two, one.

Good.

That is true.

Most Christians believe Jesus taught that people with disabilities were being punished by God, true or false.

Three, two, one.

False, very good.

It was a view at the time.

Many Christians believe Jesus taught against this.

The story of Jesus's miracles teach Christians that it's important to show compassion to all people.

Is that true or false? Three, two, one.

Good.

That is true.

Agape love means you should show, agape love means you should only love those you are close to.

Is that true or false? Three, two, one, that is false.

Agape love is for all people.

Many Muslims believe humans are made in the image of God.

Is that true or false? Three, two, one, that is false.

It's a Christian view.

Muslims believe something different.

Many Muslims believe Allah created all humans equal.

Is that true or false? Three, two, one.

Good.

Yes.

So not made in the image of God, but still equal.

Many Muslims believe because disabilities may be seen as a test from Allah, they should not help those with disabilities.

Is that true or false? Three, two, one.

Good.

That's false.

So yes, it might be a test from Allah, but they should still help those and show compassion towards those with disabilities.

Well done if you've got all of those correct.

We're now going to move on to Christian and Muslim views on racism.

So I'm just going to appear on to the screen.

It always takes a while.

There we go.

So again, we're going to refer to some of these quotations and teachings that we've looked at before, because they're so useful for quite a few of our topics.

So with Christian views on racism, again, we're going to use the idea that all humans are made in God's image within Christianity.

And therefore it's the idea that every human being is sacred and special, regardless of who they are, what they look like, then of course racism is going to be seen as wrong within Christianity.

We also have this verse in Galatians, which I say is so, so good for using across all of our different topics.

There's no difference between Jews and Gentiles, Gentile being a non-Jew, between slaves and free people, between men and women.

You are all one in union with Christ Jesus, essentially saying here, there's no difference between people and God doesn't recognise things and treat people differently based on that.

Everyone is seen as loved and cared for by God, and therefore many Christians say that is the example they should be showing in their life too.

And again, when we'd refer to situation ethics and agape love, Christians might say, well, to do that most loving thing in any situation, racism is not showing agape love.

In Islam, then, Muslims believe that Adam was made by Allah from seven types of soil.

So the teaching is that the angels got seven different types of soil from different corners of the Earth, brought it together to make Adam.

Many Christians say, and that means that the human race is made up of all different types of people, different ethnicities, skin colours, et cetera.

And therefore, if Allah is pulling together all sorts of different resources to make Adam, there should be no difference, and we shouldn't treat anybody differently based on their race.

Muhammad, in his last sermon that he gave before he died, made it super clear, I think, from his teaching, what is expected in terms of racism.

So Muhammad says "The Arab is not superior to a non-Arab, neither a non-Arab to an Arab, neither a red-skinned person to a black-skinned person, neither a black-skinned person to a red-skinned person, except through taqwa." Taqwa is about loyalty and submission.

So essentially Muhammad is saying here that no one is better than somebody else because of your skin colour.

It's literally down to do with, have you shown submission to Allah during your life? Have you been loyal? Have you followed the teachings of the Qur'an? And so many Muslims say skin colour doesn't matter.

It's about whether or not you're submitting to God.

And we also have examples of Muhammad's actions during life, where he chose Bilal ibn Rabah, who was a former slave from Ethiopia, to do the first call to prayer.

So essentially the first call to prayer would have been a really, really important, honourable thing to do.

And he chooses someone who had been marginalised in society, a former slave from Ethiopia.

So many Muslims want to follow the example of Muhammad and treat people of any ethnicity and any race equally and not to discriminate based on that.

What we're going to do, then, is do some multiple choice quickfire questions based on Islamic and Christian teachings on racism.

Then what we're going to do is pull that together to do a explain question together, and then we're going to attempt to do one of our evaluate discuss questions.

So are you ready? Most Christians believe that all humans are created in God's image.

Is that true or false? Three, two, one.

Good.

That is true.

Galatians 3:28 explicitly allows racism.

Is that true or false? Three, two, one, that is false.

It doesn't, essentially it's the opposite of that.

Agape love should only be shown towards those you know and care about.

Is that true or false? Three, two, one, false.

Agape love is selfless, sacrificial, unconditional love shown to all people.

Some churches have supported acts we may now consider racist, such as apartheid.

Is that true or false? Three, two, one, it is actually true.

Although I didn't explicitly mention it back then.

Actually, some churches have supported acts that we might consider racist.

So in the past, some churches in South Africa did actually support apartheid, which is blacks and whites being segregated.

Most Muslims believe all humans were made in Allah's image.

Is that true or false? Three, two, one, that is false.

That's not an Islamic belief.

Most Muslims believe Adam was made from seven types of soil.

Is that true or false? Three, two, one, that is true.

Because some Muslims believe Adam was made from seven types of soil, those Muslims will believe some races are superior.

Is that true or false? Three, two, one.

Good.

That is false, probably actually the complete opposite.

Most Muslims believe in Muhammad's last sermon, he preached that everyone was not equal, true or false.

Three, two, one.

False.

Many Muslims believe it's the opposite of that.

Many Muslims believe Muhammad called a former slave to give the first call to prayer, true or false.

Three, two, one.

Good.

That is true.

Bilal ibn Rabah was chosen to be the, to give the first call to prayer.

Well done if you've got all of those correct.

There was lots of questions in there, but well done if you've got it all correct.

If you didn't, that's absolutely fine.

It's just a good way of testing knowledge so far, and recognising what things you might need to go back over.

What we're going to move on to now is to write down some explain questions and to have a go at a discussion or evaluation question.

They may be a little bit trickier, but it's a really, really good challenge for us.

So let's go.

I'm just going to appear.

Hopefully.

There we go.

So what we're going to do is explain two religious teachings about racism, referring to scripture or sacred writings in your answer.

Now, explain questions will be slightly different for each exam board, so it's a really good idea to ask your teacher, if you can now, which exam board you're sitting, or if you can't do that now, ask them after the lesson so you can sort of fit this in with your own, your own exam board that you're sitting for your GCSE.

The question above that we're about to consider best fits with AQA and Edexcel.

This would be a five marker for them.

You might be expected to write longer answers for explain questions for Edugas and WJEC.

Even so, this will be really useful for building up a good answer for it.

And the question style might look a bit different for OCR.

So.

You would need to include, to answer this question really, really well, a Christian view and an Islamic view.

You could have two Christian views if you wanted to, or two Islamic views, but it's always good to have sort of a bit of a contrast.

An explanation of why they have this view.

At least one reference to a quotation teaching or a story and PEE chains are really useful for a structure for these types of questions.

What I mean by PEE chain, point, evidence, explanation.

So you make a point, give evidence, perhaps it's is a teaching quotation reference to a story, and then explain what that shows about the point you are making.

So I'm going to disappear.

I would like you to pause the video for three minutes and to write down what you remember about Christian and Muslim attitudes towards racism.

We've just looked at it, but I just want you to recap those things.

So pause the video now, please.

Three minutes, write down your thoughts, and then we'll come back in a second.

Okay, so what I'd like you to do now, please, is to answer this question.

So explain from two religious traditions, attitudes to racism, making sure then you are writing in full sentences, spending about eight minutes on this task.

Remembering, if you can, to use the PEE chain structure.

And then what I'm going to do is I'm going to give you a model answer in a moment to give you a good idea of what this might look like.

So, as I said, try and include Christian and Muslim view, writing a PEE change structure, point, evidence, explanation, using what we've learned so far and looked at so far.

Give it your best go.

Don't worry if you find it a little bit tricky, 'cause I'm going to give you a model answer in a moment.

So pause the video now, please.

Around eight minutes on this task, unpause when you're ready to go through corrections.

Okay.

So you could have included any of these things here.

I'm just going to through them quickly again, once I've popped up on the screen, and perhaps maybe if you haven't included quotations, you might want to jot a couple of these down before we go through a model answer.

So you could have used, "So God created human beings, making them to be like himself," talking about in the image of God, therefore against racism.

You could have used Galatians 3:28, "There's no difference between Jews and Gentiles, between slaves and free people, between men and women.

You are all one in union with Christ Jesus." You could have talked about situation ethics.

If you need to pause and to edit, add any of these bullet points down that you think, "Oh, actually I wanted to include that in my answer," please do so now.

And then unpause when you're ready.

Okay, good.

And perhaps maybe you wanted to refer to any of these teachings in your answer.

Perhaps you've had a really good go and weren't quite sure on some of the quotations or the teachings.

You could have used that Adam was made by Allah from seven types of soil.

You could have used Muhammad's last sermon.

You wouldn't have needed to have the whole part of that, either, you could have just the first sentence, "The Arab is not superior to a non-Arab." And you might have also talked about the story, the teaching that Prophet Muhammad chose Bilal ibn Rabah, a former slave, to do the first call to prayer.

If you wanted to add any of those things or jot any of those things down, perhaps maybe you wanted to include it in your answer and you couldn't remember it, please pause now, add it.

And then I'm going to show you my model answer.

Okay.

Are you ready to see my model answer? I don't think, I wouldn't expect it to be absolutely 100% like mine.

Your answer, of course, will be unique to you, your own explanations, your own way of wording things.

You may have messed up a quotation.

You might not have been quite sure how to word it.

Essentially, the model answer is for me to show you what it should look like, what sort of length it should be, but not telling you it has to be exactly like that.

If all of your answers were exactly the same, that would be really boring.

So it's always good just to see what a model answer looks like, but recognising it doesn't have to be the only answer.

So mine says "One Christian belief about racism is that it goes against Christian teaching from the Bible, which says, 'So God created human beings, making them to be like himself.

' This means that everyone is equal in the eyes of God, regardless of race." What I've tried to do here as well for you is to point out where you'd get the point, evidence, explanation, so the PEE chain structure in.

So purple ink for the point, the bluey-green for the evidence, and the pink for the explanation.

If you find any of this useful, then you can pause video now, jot down those ideas.

Then I'm going to show you my different, my second paragraph.

So pause now, unpause when you're ready.

Okay, brilliant.

So my second paragraph, then.

"One Muslim belief about racism is that it goes against the example set by Prophet Muhammad.

in the Hadith, Muhammad said 'The Arab is not superior to a non-Arab, neither a non-Arab to an an Arab, neither a red-skinned person to a black-skinned person and neither a black-skinned person to a red-skinned person, except through taqwa.

' This teaches Muslims that they should judge people based on their talents, not their race, and that Allah will judge on submission to Him." As I said earlier, you wouldn't need the full quotation.

I've included it just so you know which one I'm referring to, but you could have literally just taken that very small sentence, "The Arab is not superior to a non-Arab," and that would be fine for your evidence.

I've included two pieces of scripture.

You don't only need one in this case, because it's always best to have two just in case one of them is used incorrectly or if you couldn't quite remember whether it was the correct wording.

If you need to make any corrections and you want to make any corrections now, then please pause the video, make some corrections, make some additions, and unpause when you are ready.

Amazing.

Well done so far.

Keeping up, super, super impressed.

Let's move on.

So we're going to look at a discussion question.

"Everyone should be entitled to religious freedom," discuss.

These questions need you to explain reasons for and against the statement.

You need to use what you've learned.

So you're looking at specific teachings rather than just sort of giving general views.

You will also need a conclusion, which will be what you think is the more convincing side of the argument and why.

The more teachings you've got the better.

So then it will be easier to build a very, very good answer.

So should we get started on it? I think we can do it.

Absolutely fine.

Don't worry about it.

I'm going to talk you through it.

You'll be fine.

So I'm going to disappear.

You're going to complete the following question.

Spend about four minutes on it.

You're going to bullet point as many reasons as you can think of to agree or disagree with the following statement, "Everyone should be entitled to religious freedom." So as many religious teachings as you can, but you can also bring in some general teachings too.

So I'd like you to spend about four minutes on this.

Perhaps maybe a bit longer, if you need a little bit more time, and then unpause the video when you are ready for me, please.

Here's my agree and disagree list.

You may have other things on your list, which is absolutely fine.

The more ideas the better, and the different ideas the better.

So I've got for the agree side, one of our human rights is the right to freedom of religion.

Many Christians believe that all humans are equal in the eyes of God, regardless of faith.

You could say "There is no difference between Jews and Gentiles, you are all one in union with Christ Jesus," which is from the Bible.

And you could have also, There's no compulsion in acceptance of religion" in the Qur'an.

All of these would perhaps maybe agree with the statement.

As for disagree, we might say some Christians would prefer if people converted to Christianity as they believe it's needed for salvation.

The Qur'an seems to suggest there is no freedom when it says "Fight those who do not believe in Allah or in the Last Day," however, we would then need to make sure that we suggest that the context is important here and that many Muslims would say that this was revealed to a specific context in time where the Muslims were being persecuted against and does not refer to the whole of humanity and generalised teaching now, but you could also say that some countries around the world persecute people based on faith.

So you can say that perhaps maybe some countries might disagree that everyone has freedom of religion.

So you might want to jot any of these down for your own table.

If you want to do that, then please pause the video now.

And then what we'll do is move on to writing an answer.

So pause now, jot down some thoughts, unpause when you are ready.

Okay, now is your time to write a really amazing, super awesome answer.

So I'm going to give you some sentence starters.

It's a really good way of sort of getting started.

You've got your points written down.

You've got some new ones that you've added from me.

You've got everything you need to write an amazing answer.

You're going to spend about 15 minutes on this, and you might want to use some of these sentence starters.

So I've got some blank where you put like Muslim or Christian, they think that everyone should be entitled to religious freedom because, you'd use the for example to give like a teaching or a story.

And then you might want to think about how strong or weak those particular arguments are.

So whether you think that's a convincing argument or not, and then you might want that the same for disagree or say that there should be some limits on religious freedom and why.

And then your conclusion should be the strongest argument is overall and give at least two reasons why you think this is the case.

Even if you're going to think you're going to find it really tricky, it's just best to have a go.

I'm going to give you a model sort of paragraph afterwards, sort of give you an idea of what it should look like.

But the more we practise these, the better you will get.

So don't worry.

You'll be absolutely fine.

And even if you're finding it tricky, a model paragraph will be really helpful afterwards.

So pause the video, about 15 minutes, unpause when you are done, you can do it.

Okay.

Here is my example paragraph for the disagree side of the argument.

I hope it would be really useful in showing you what sort of length and what sort of things to include in sort of structure.

So I've got, "Some people may argue that Islamic teachings seem to suggest there should be restrictions on religious freedom.

They may look to the Qur'an verse which says 'Fight those who do not believe in Allah or in the Last Day.

' They may argue that this is allowing Muslims to fight non-Muslims who do not convert.

However, this teaching was revealed in the context of Romans persecuting Muhammad and his followers, and the command was to fight that group.

Many Muslims would say this does not apply to all situations.

However, it may lead some Muslims to interpret this to mean that people should convert to Islam.

This is a strong response, as the Qur'an also teaches 'there is no compulsion in religion' and therefore strengthens the view that Muslims believe that everyone is entitled to freedom of religion." So as you can see there, I've pulled in a number of teachings and I've explained what they show, what Muslims may argue, and then talked about the strength and weakness of that view.

If you find any of this useful and want to write anything down, please pause the video now and do that.

And then unpause when you are done.

I'm just going to appear.

At some point.

Okay, so I want to say a huge, huge thank you for working so, so hard today.

You've done fantastic.

We've done so much work today, covered loads of things.

I really hope it's been useful for you in terms of building up your knowledge and understanding and recapping things.

I'm particularly proud of you for working so hard on that last question, which I know would have been tricky.

And I know it's a lot of writing, but believe me, that practise will make things so much better when it comes to your GCSE.

Practise makes permanent, as I say.

What that means is the more you practise, the more permanent it gets it stuck in your head, and the easier you will find it.

So again, thank you so much.

I hope to see you again soon.

Bye.