Hi, I'm Mr. Winterbotham, and today we're going to be looking at a lesson called "Understanding What We See Online." Our outcome is I can describe ways to stay safe when online.

First of all, let's start with some ground rules.

So, let's get some help from our friends.

Laura says that we should listen to others in this lesson.

Jacob says we should talk with no judgement.

Andeep says we should respect other people's privacy, and Izzy says we should choose our level of participation.

That means we should choose how much we want to join in by thinking carefully about it.

Here are our keywords for today.

Websites, link, advertisement, and app.

Do you know what some of those mean already? Let's have a look.

So a website is an online place.

For example, a news page or a gaming site.

A link is something that takes you to a new place if you click or tap it.

An advertisement is something designed to sell you something.

It's often shortened to the word ad or advert.

And an app is something on a phone or tablet that we can use to play games, for example, chat to people, watch videos, or generally learn about things.

Here's our lesson outline.

We've got three parts today and we're gonna start with part one.

What are the features of a website? Off we go.

So, what are the features of a website? A website is an online place where anyone can create a page of words, images, or videos.

And Sofia has a great question.

Do you have a favourite website? Hmm, I wonder if you do.

Now, every website is different, but there are some features that all websites have in common.

And Sofia reminds us that not all websites look like this one, so this is just an example one.

They can be in any order and any colours obviously.

So, here are some different features.

We've got the search bar, the menu, images, and text.

Can you tell which one is which on that picture? Here we go.

So you can see what each one is, and we'll go through them in a little bit more detail.

Sam has a question.

Can you think of any more features that I've missed? Maybe there's other parts of websites that you know about.

So, who can remember? Let's check.

Who can remember what's missing? Can you label the missing features of a website? What fits in A and what fits in B? Have a think.

And here's the answers.

A is search bar.

B is menu.

Now, links are an important feature of websites, and links can be anywhere on a page.

It could be an image picture or it could be a word.

And when you click on these links, it can take you somewhere else.

So, it takes you to a new place online, and it can be really fun.

So, when we're using the web, when we're using the internet, clicking on links can take us to new places, new websites so we can find out new things, but you've got to be careful.

And Andeep has a question for us now.

Where could I go if I click on a link? Do you know? Where could you go? Well, the answer is links can take you anywhere.

So, a link can take you literally any place on the internet.

Now, links will often take you to a new website, and that website could be made by anyone at all in the world.

There's no way of knowing who made a website, although some are more trusted than others.

And if you go to a new website, it might not be safe or appropriate for you to see.

Some websites are more trusted.

And Sam asks, which websites would you trust more? So, can you think of any examples of a website where you think that's a good website? That's one I can rely on.

A good example for me is the BBC website.

It is a trustworthy website and they can't put things on there that haven't been checked by experts.

So, let's have a little check.

Which of these statements is true? A, websites are always safe, B, links can take you anywhere online, or C, we can easily find out who made a website.

Which of these is true? What do you think? Let's find the answer.

It's B, links can take you anywhere online.

That's true.

Now it's time to do a task.

So, if you've got your worksheet, this is task A on it.

And Lucas is confused about some features of websites.

This is what he says.

"All websites are the same, and you should click on any links on any website you want." What do you think? What would you say to Lucas to help him understand websites and links more clearly?" Have a think, and that's what we are gonna do in task A.

So, hopefully, you've paused the video and done task A.

Let's have a look at some possible answers that you might give to help Lucas.

You can see at the bottom of the page here are my example answers.

I've written, "All websites are different, but they do share similar features like links.

You should be careful when using links because links can take you anywhere online and may not be safe or appropriate." So, that's my answer.

Yours won't be exactly the same, but maybe you've got some of the ideas that I've got.

Okay, we're gonna move on to part two, the green part, and it says, what should we watch out for on a website? So, what are the things we need to be careful of? So, we know websites contain lots of useful information.

They're a really important part of living in the modern world.

And Sofia asks, what could you find out using website? Maybe you've used a website recently.

What did you find out on that website? The problem is sometimes websites have content which might be annoying or even upsetting and might make you feel unsafe.

So, there might be a website that's not designed for someone of your age.

Here are some risky things that you might find on websites.

Adverts.

So, adverts, some people find annoying, but adverts can also be for adult things that are not for you.

Upsetting images or videos are sadly present on some websites, so that's something we need to be careful of.

And we also need to be careful of links because links can take us to new websites.

So, even if we're on a trusted site, a link might take us to somewhere which is not so trusted.

We also need to be careful of messages from strangers because lots of websites have chat functions where we could end up talking to someone.

So, let's go through them one by one.

The first one is adverts.

They're also called ads or advertisements.

And they're normally things that encourage you to buy something, so you can see the big explosion on the screen, buy.

Adverts are encouraging you to buy a product perhaps, or take part in some kind of activity that you need to pay for.

And Jun says, "Why do I see so many adverts online?" Do you know? Do you know why they're such a common part of the internet? Hmm.

Well, one of the main answers is that companies pay websites to show adverts to their users, and that means that they get publicity for their company or the thing that they make, the thing that they're trying to sell.

Now, adverts do not always tell the truth because an advert's job is to try and make someone buy something and spend money, and so adverts will often exaggerate or even lie to get people to buy something.

So, we need to be careful not to trust everything an advert says, and we need to be really careful not to click on links that come with adverts 'cause they might take you to a page which you didn't want to go to.

Now, as well as adverts, another thing we need to be careful of online is upsetting images or videos.

Now, sometimes you might see things online that you don't like, and that can be scary, can make you sad, but it's important to remember that it's never your fault if you see something upsetting.

Do you know what you should do if you see something upsetting online, an upsetting image or video? I bet you do.

If you see something you don't like on a website, you should tell an adult you trust.

If you, for whatever reason, can't tell an adult you trust, you could also contact Childline.

They're an organisation that's designed to help young people who are having trouble with serious issues.

So the website for Childline is www.

childline.

org.

uk, and the phone number is 0800 1111.

That's four ones, so it's easy to remember.

I've got a check question for you here.

What should you do if you see something upsetting online? A, pretend I didn't see it.

B, share the content or link with a friend.

C, report it to a trusted adult or Childline.

What do you think the answer is? Do you wanna say it out loud? Let me give it to you.

It is C, if you see something upsetting, you should report it to a trusted adults or Childline.

Now, the third thing we need to watch out for on a website are links.

We've talked a little about about what links are.

Links are a part of a website that takes you somewhere new.

They can take you anywhere online, and that means that you might see something surprising or unpleasant.

So, true or false, you should be careful when clicking on links.

Is it true? Is it false? You tell me, shout it out.

It is true, but why? Why should you be careful? Well, clicking on links means you might find something that you don't like or you might see something inappropriate that makes you feel uncomfortable.

Now, it's time for task B.

So, if you've got your worksheet, this is the second task.

And the question is, what do you find upsetting and annoying online? List as many things as you can in each column.

The first one in each column has been done for you.

So, we've got upsetting on the left and annoying on the right.

And they're different, aren't they? Because something that's annoying isn't necessarily really serious, doesn't mean you need to panic or get help necessarily.

Whereas something that is upsetting, that can be quite serious, and that's something you do need to get help for.

I've given my examples.

My upsetting example is scary videos, something that makes me feel really terrified.

And my annoying example is adverts because quite often they interrupt me when I'm watching something online.

So they're my examples.

Now it's time for you to do your own examples.

So, you probably paused the video to give yourself time to do task B, but now I'm gonna give you some more ideas that I had.

These are my examples of upsetting and annoying things.

So on the left we've got upsetting things, that's scary videos, nasty pictures, rude words, online bullying, and messages from strangers.

These are all things that can upset me.

On the right, we've got things that are annoying.

We've got adverts.

When I'm forced to sign up to something or log into something with a password that I might have forgotten.

And fake news, that really annoys me, annoys me when people lie and spread lies online.

I wonder if you've got any of the same things as I did.

So that's task B finished, which means that we're on to the third and final part of our lesson.

It says, what are the features of apps? So, what are the different features of apps? We've looked at the features of websites, but now let's have a look at the features of apps.

So, first of all, an app is something on a phone or a tablet.

It's a programme or an application, if we use the really fancy word, that lets us maybe play a game, chat to people, watch a video, or generally explore the online space.

Laura asks a question here, "Do you know someone who has a smartphone?" Who can you think of? How many people do you know with smartphones? Now, there are so many smartphone phone apps to choose from.

Lots of them I've never heard of, and it can be hard to decide which ones are safe and which ones are risky to use.

And Laura asks another question, "What apps have you seen someone use?" Have a think.

Have you ever seen someone use an app? Did you like it? Did you not like it? Was it fun? Now, some common features of apps are text chat, so being able to type and talk to someone.

Image and video sharing, so that means taking photos and videos and perhaps sharing some.

Video calling, so that's being able to talk to someone live on a video.

Adverts.

Lots of apps have adverts.

And links.

So just like with websites, apps can have links that take you to new apps or new websites, new places online.

Alex asks, "Do you think these features are always safe?" Can you think of anything that could be risky about these features? Let's go through them one by one, talking about what's good about them and also what could be risky.

So, text chats can be useful, particularly for adults who need to stay in touch with people, but sometimes it can be hard to tell who you're talking to by text chat 'cause you can't see their face, you can't always be certain who it's, and sadly, it's very easy to lie in text chats.

That's because people can use a fake name, a fake photo, and they can also write things that are not true.

So you gotta be careful about text chats, and it's really important that you know the person in real life before chatting to them.

That is something that will help keep you safe, True or false question, is it easy to lie in a text chat? What do you think? The answer is it's true.

It is easy to lie, It's sad but true.

Why is that? Well, it's easy to lie because people can use a fake name, a fake image, or say things which are not true.

The next thing, the next feature of apps that we should look at is image and video sharing.

And here we've got one of our characters, and she has shared a photo of herself one of her face and one in her school uniform.

And it can be really fun to share images with friends and family, but you should never share an image or a video with a stranger because if they dunno you, it's not safe.

And Sofia asks a good question, Sofia says, "What does Laura need to be careful of?" So have a look at her phone.

Have a look at what she's up to.

What does Laura need to think about? Hopefully, you've worked out that she needs to think about who she's sending those photos to.

If it's definitely someone that she trusts, her family for example, then it's not a big problem.

But if she's sending photos of herself to a stranger, that's not a good idea.

Now, mistakes happen.

Sometimes people share things by accident.

And if you do share an image or video by a mistake online, please tell an adult you trust.

You shouldn't be in trouble for that because everybody makes mistakes.

So, you can tell an adult if you've shared something and you regret it, but again, you can contact Childline on the website or the phone number.

Now, video calling is another feature of apps, and that can be really great, particularly if you've got family in another country or somewhere far away.

It makes it easy for us to stay in touch with people that we love, people who we are close to.

So video calling is a really great invention.

But just like with sharing images and videos, you should never have a video call with a stranger.

And when you're on a video call, you should never assume that it's completely private because someone else could be looking at the screen at the other end.

So when you're sharing a video, it's possible for other people to see that.

So you should just be careful about what you say and what you do when you're on a video call.

You've got a little check question here.

True or false, it is safe to share anything on a video call.

Is that true or is that false? What do you think? It is false.

And why is that? Why is it not safe to share just absolutely on a video call? What's the reason? Let's have a look.

Well, you should not assume everything you say or do on a video call will be private.

So, video calls are not a private thing, and that's why you should be careful what you share.

Right, the next feature of apps is adverts.

And just like on websites, quite often you'll see adverts in an app.

Now, adverts are designed to make you want to buy things, and most free apps get their money from companies paying them to show adverts to the users, the users of the app.

So, if you've paid for the app, there might not be adverts.

If the app is free, there often are adverts.

And like we said earlier, you've gotta be careful not to trust everything an advert says because adverts are known for not telling the truth and exaggerating, making things seem better than they really are.

Now, the final feature of apps are links, and this works exactly the same as on websites because a link on an app can take you somewhere new, can take you anywhere at all on the internet, and we should always be careful of that.

And Alex has a question, "What should I watch out for if I click on a link? What am I gonna be cautious of?" Do you remember? So, for me, clicking on a link can be risky 'cause I don't know what I'm gonna see on the other end, so I should be careful of seeing something that upsets me, seeing something that I don't like.

And now it's time for task C.

So, task C says, give advice about using apps safely.

And you can see a picture of Laura, and Laura's saying, "I have loads of apps on my phone." Now that's fine, but we need to give some advice to Laura.

So, what advice would you give to Laura to help keep her safe? Write some top tips she should know to keep safe.

Now, in blue, below, there is an example.

So, if you are not sure where to start, let's have a look at that example.

And the example says check that you are talking to someone you know in person.

So, if you're chatting to someone online, you should also know them offline.

They should be someone that you trust and someone that your parents and carers trust to.

So that's my example.

Now it's time for you to have a go at task C.

Okay, hopefully you've paused the video and you have unpaused it again because it's time for me to give my suggestions.

This is what I think a good answer for task C is.

So, I've written, remember adverts are there to make you buy things so you can't always believe them.

Never send images or videos to someone you don't know, that's a good rule, only ever to someone that you know and trust.

And remember that tapping on links can take you anywhere online.

You don't know where you're gonna go, so you need to be careful of that.

So, that's task C.

Well done.

And that means that our lesson is over for today.

So here's a summary of all the things that we've learned today in our lesson, "Understanding What We See Online." So, websites and apps have common features.

Websites and apps have links to other online places.

Websites and apps might have links which take us to upsetting or annoying content.

Websites and apps sometimes have adverts.

And there are different ways to stay safe online, such as not sending images or videos to someone you don't know.

So that's a summary of what we've learned today.

Hopefully, you understand everything that we've talked about, and hopefully, you now know all of the information on the screen there.

One final thing is where to get support.

So, the first place you should always go to for support is a trusted adult, but there are also other organisations that can help young people who are worried about things.

So, there's Childline.

That's a friendly helpline where children can talk about their worries and get help anytime.

We've got the NSPCC.

This is an organisation that protects children from harm and helps to keep them safe from danger, bullying, or abuse, and they have lots of fantastic information on their website.

And finally, we've got Internet Matters.

That's another website which teaches children and parents how to stay safe and happy online while using the internet.

It's been really fun working with you today and I hope that you had a good time too.

And I'll see you again.

Bye.