Hello, my name is Ms. Willow and I'm going to be teaching you today's lesson.

Today's lesson is called Basic First Aid, and it fits into the unit Staying Safe and Healthy: How can I save a life? During this lesson, we're going to be talking about physical injury and illness, so we recommend that you have an adult with you for the duration of this lesson.

If at any point you do feel worried or uncomfortable, it's really important that you close the screen and that you go and speak to a trusted adult.

Okay, let's make a start on today's learning.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to explain how to perform basic first aid.

Before we get started, we need to go over some ground rules.

These help to make sure that everyone feels safe and comfortable throughout today's lesson.

Laura says, listen to others.

This means that we're not going to interrupt other people if they're speaking.

Andeep says, respect each other's privacy.

This means that we're not going to ask anyone any personal questions as this can make some people feel uncomfortable.

Jacob says, no judgement.

This means that we're not going to judge anyone for what they think, what they feel, or what they've experienced.

And Izzy says that we can choose our level of participation.

This means that it's up to us how much we want to join in.

We are now going to go through the keywords for today's learning.

These are gonna pop up multiple times throughout the lesson, so it's important that we have a good understanding of what each word means.

Faint, this means to lose consciousness for a short amount of time.

Recovery position, this is a safe way to lay an unconscious person on their side to keep their airway open.

Airway, this is a tube inside our body that carries oxygen to our lungs.

Wound, this is an injury to the body that's broken the skin.

And sling, this is a piece of fabric that can be tied to support an injured arm.

As we go through today's lesson, keep an eye out for these keywords.

And when you spot them, see if you can remember what they mean.

Today's lesson is split into four learning cycles.

The first learning cycle is called what is fainting? The second learning cycle is called how can we put someone in the recovery position? The third learning cycle is called how can we treat wounds? And finally, our last learning cycle is called how can we make a sling? We're now going to start our first learning cycle.

What is fainting? When someone faints, they lose consciousness for a short amount of time.

People can faint because they've stood up too quickly, they haven't had enough to eat or drink, they're too hot, they're in pain, there could also be a problem with their heart.

For most people, fainting isn't a sign of something serious.

Someone who is fainted should wake up within 20 seconds.

Someone who thinks that they're going to faint might experience feeling dizzy or lightheaded, feeling too hot, feeling sick, so they might think that they're going to vomit, they could experience changes to their visions such as blurriness, and they could begin to sweat and their skin might feel cold.

If someone feels faint, it's important to ask an adult for help straight away.

Someone who faints should always see a doctor just to check that they're okay.

Let's do a check for understanding to see how you are doing so far.

Is this statement true or false? Fainting is not serious, so someone who faints does not need medical help.

What do you think? Is this true or false? Pause the video, tell the person next to you, or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said that this is false, but why? You might have said that although for most people, fainting is not a sign of something serious, we should still ask an adult for help.

Someone who was fainted should also see a doctor to check that they're okay.

Well done if you had this or something similar.

If someone has symptoms that suggest that they might faint, it can be safer for their head to be below their heart.

They can do this by laying down with their legs raised.

They can also sit with their head between their knees.

This can help them to stop feeling faint.

We can also take deep breaths, eat something as we can faint because we've not eaten enough, and we should have some water too to stay hydrated.

If we feel too hot, we can also take some layers off, for example, a jumper, to help us to cool down.

If someone has fainted, we should make sure that they're on their back with their legs raised.

We don't usually need to call 999 if someone faints, but we should.

If they aren't breathing, if they can't be woken up after one minute, or if they've severely injured themselves or if they're having a seizure or a fit.

If they were exercising when they fainted, we should also call 999 too.

Let's do another check for understanding.

I'd like you to answer the question.

If someone feels faint, how should they position their body so that their head is below their heart? If someone feels faint, how should they position their body so that their head is below their heart? Can you remember? Tell the person next to you or have a think to yourself.

You might have said that they should either lie down with their head raised or sit with their head between their knees, just as you can see in this illustration.

We're now moving on to your first practise task, and you're going to put your learning from this learning cycle into practise.

For this task, I'd like you to suggest three things that Sofia should do next to prevent fainting.

Sofia says, I feel dizzy and sick.

I also feel too hot.

Can you suggest three things that she should do in order to prevent herself from fainting? Pause the video and we'll go through some potential answers in a few minutes.

Okay, let's see what your suggestions might have been.

You might have said that Sofia should tell an adult that she feels faint.

She should lie down with her legs raised or sit with her head between her knees.

She should take some deep breaths, eat something in case she's hungry, have some water in case she's dehydrated, and she should take off some layers to cool down as she feels too hot.

Well done if you had any three of these answers.

We're now moving on to your second learning cycle.

How can we put someone in the recovery position? If someone faints, it's important to get help from an adult straight away.

However, if an adult isn't available, it's important to know what we can do until help arrives.

We should put someone in the recovery position if they're unconscious but breathing, and they appear to have no other injuries.

Putting someone in the recovery position is important because it helps to keep their airway open and reduces the risk of them choking.

If someone faints, the first thing we should do is check their airway.

We can do this by gently tilting their head back and lifting the chin to open their mouth to see if there's anything blocking their airway and stopping them from breathing properly.

Next, we should check that they're breathing.

We can do this by listening to their mouth and nose for breathing noises, or watching to see if their chest rises and falls.

If this is happening, this means that the person is breathing.

If they're not breathing, we should call 999 straight away, but if they are breathing, we are able to put them into the recovery position as long as they have no other injuries.

Let's do a check for understanding to see what you remember so far.

If someone faints, what is the first thing we should do? Should we A, check if they're breathing, or B, check their airway? Can you remember? Pause the video, tell the person next to you, or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said that B is correct.

If someone faints, the first thing that we should do is check their airway.

After we've checked their airway, we can check if they're breathing, and then we can move on to putting them into the recovery position if they're breathing and they don't have any other injuries.

Next, we should take the person's arm that's nearest to us, and we should place it in a right angle to their body with their palm facing up, just like you can see in this illustration.

Next, we should take their other arm and fold it so that the back of their hand is resting on the cheek facing you.

With one of your hands, you should hold their hand to their cheek.

Next, you'll need to bend the person's knee that's furthest from you so that it's at a right angle.

Now, by pulling the bent knee towards you, you should gently roll them onto their side.

Finally, the last step is to tilt their head back to keep their airway open.

They're now in the recovery position and you should wait with them until medical help arrives.

There are some situations where it's not safe to put someone in the recovery position.

We shouldn't put someone in the recovery position if they may have injured their back, if they tell you that they have pain in their back or their neck, or if they're unable to move.

In this case, we should get help as soon as possible and we should wait with them until the emergency services arrive.

Let's do another check for understanding.

Can you remember when should we not put someone in the recovery position? Is it A, if they fainted, B, if they say their back or neck hurts, or C, if they may have injured their back? Pause the video, tell the person next to you, or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said that B and C are correct.

We should not put someone in the recovery position if they say they're back or neck hurts or if they may have injured their back.

We can put someone in the recovery position if they have fainted as long as they are still breathing and they haven't got any injuries.

Let's move on to your second practise task.

For the first part of this task, I'd like you to number the pictures in the correct order to put someone in the recovery position.

Pause the video and we'll go through the answers in a few minutes.

Fantastic.

Your answers should include, one, checking the person's airway, two, checking their breathing, three, moving their arm at a right angle, four, making sure that their hand is resting against their cheek, five, lifting up their leg at a right angle, six, rolling them over gently, seven, checking their airway again, and eight, waiting with them until medical help arrives.

Well done if you numbered these correctly.

The next part of your task is for each picture, I'd like you to write an instruction underneath to explain what should happen at each stage of putting someone into the recovery position.

One's already been done for you.

Number one, check their airway by gently tilting their head, lifting the chin, and opening their mouth.

Can you write a sentence to explain what's happening at each stage of putting someone in the recovery position? Pause the video and we'll go through what you might have said in a few minutes.

Okay, let's see what you might have said.

For number one, we've already said that we should check their airway first by gently tilting their head, lifting their chin, and opening their mouth.

Number two, you might have something like check if they're breathing by listening for breathing noises or watching if the chest rises or falls.

Number three, take the person's nearest arm and place it at a right angle to their body.

Number four, you should then take that other arm and fold it so that the back of their hand is resting on the cheek facing you.

With one of your hands, you should then hold their hand to their cheek.

Number five, next, bend the person's knee that is furthest from you, so that it's at a right angle.

Number six, now, by pulling their bent knee towards you, gently roll them onto their side.

Number seven, finally, tilt their head back to keep their airway open.

And lastly, number eight, you should wait with them until medical help arrives.

Well done if you had something similar to this.

We are now moving on to our third learning cycle, how can we treat wounds? You're doing a brilliant job so far, so keep it up.

Sometimes ,we might get a cut or a wound that starts to bleed.

We can stem, which means stop or slow down the bleeding by applying pressure to the wound.

It's important to use something clean to apply pressure, like a bandage.

Small wounds like a small cut or graze should be cleaned as soon as possible.

If needed, they can be then dressed with a plaster or a bandage.

A plaster or bandage applies pressure to the wound but also prevents germs from getting into the wound.

If we have a small wound, we should wash our hands with warm soapy water before we touch it.

Next, we should clean the wound with water and the skin around it with soapy water or an antiseptic wipe.

The area around the wound should then be gently patted dry with something clean such as a tea towel, and then a plaster or a dressing can be applied if needed.

Let's do a check for understanding.

I'd like you to decide what step is missing for treating a small wound.

Number one, wash hands for soap water.

Number two, clean the wound with water.

Number three is missing.

And number four, dry the area around the wound.

And finally, number five, apply a plaster or dressing if needed.

Can you decide which step is missing for number three? Pause the video, tell the person next to you, or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said that number three should say, clean the skin around the wound with soapy water or an antiseptic wipe.

For some small wounds, plasters are not useful.

Dr.

Elsie tells this, some cuts are really small and they may not bleed at all or very much.

These types of wounds usually don't need a plaster, so it's important to check with a trusted adult before we use one.

Some wounds might be large, so they might need a more serious dressing like a bandage or medical treatment such as stitches.

Trusted adults can help us to decide if a wound needs a plaster or a bandage or if we need medical help to get something like stitches.

Many wounds can be looked after at home if the right dressings are available, such as plasters or a bandage.

But someone should receive medical attention from a doctor or other medical professional if the bleeding doesn't stop, if they've been bitten by an animal, if they also feel unwell, or if the wound is large or deep.

In these cases, we or a trusted adult should call 999.

Let's do another check for understanding.

This time, I'd like you to decide, is this statement true or false? Plasters are always useful.

What do you think? Pause the video, tell the person next to you, or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said that this is false.

But why? You might have said something like some wounds might not bleed very much at all, so plasters are not always useful.

Other wounds might lead medical treatment.

Well done if you had this or something similar.

We're now moving on to your third practise task, and I'm so proud of how hard you've been working so far.

For this task, I'd like you to look at this scenario.

Laura has a cut on her knee.

What should she do to stop the bleeding and care for the wound? Pause the video and we'll go through the answers in a few minutes.

Okay, let's see what you might have said.

You might have said that Laura should, number one, apply pressure to the wound to stem the bleeding.

Number two, wash her hands with soapy water.

Number three, clean the wound with water.

Number four, clean the skin around it with soapy water or an antiseptic wipe.

Number five, gently pat the area dry with something clean like a tea towel.

Or number six, apply a dressing or plaster if needed.

Well done if you said this or something similar.

We're now moving on to our final learning cycle.

How can we make a sling? Someone who thinks that they may have broken or seriously injured their arm should always get medical help from someone like a doctor or other medical professional.

A broken arm may be really painful, swollen, difficult to move, bruised, or a different colour than the rest of their arm.

While someone is waiting to be seen by a medical professional at a hospital, there are things that we can do to take care of their injured arm.

If someone has injured their arm, it might be best to put their arm into a triangular sling.

A sling helps to support the arm which has been injured, and it reduces pain by preventing the arm from moving around.

This could cause the person who's injured their arm to experience pain.

A doctor or other medical professional can often provide a sling, but we're also able to make one ourselves until the injured person can be seen.

To make a sling, we could use something like a towel, a triangular bandage, a piece of cloth or a scarf.

Whatever we use, we should try to make sure that it's clean.

Let's do a check for understanding to see how you're doing with our last learning cycle.

For this task, I'd like you to decide, is Andeep correct? Andeep says, I've hurt my arm and it's painful and swollen, but I've put it in a sling so at least I don't need to go to hospital now? Is Andeep correct? Pause the video, tell the person next to you, or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said that Andeep is incorrect.

But why? You might have said that if we think that we've broken or seriously injured our arm, we should always get medical help, for example, by going to the hospital.

But a sling can be used to support our arm until we see a medical professional.

Well done if you said this or something similar.

To make a sling, we should ask the person to support their injured arm with their hand so that we can slide the triangular bandage underneath their injured arm.

We should then bring the top end of the bandage behind their neck, as you can see in this illustration.

Then we'll need to bring the lower part of the bandage up to meet the top of the bandage and tie the two ends into a reef knot, like you can see here.

Once the sling is on, it's important to adjust it so that it supports the whole arm and hand, including the injured person's little finger.

Next, we'll need to twist the bandage by the elbow and tuck it into the sling.

Finally, we need to check the circulation in the person's fingers every 10 minutes.

We can do this by pressing their nail for five seconds.

If their circulation is okay, the colour will return to their nail in two seconds.

In most cases, it should be adults performing first aid.

If someone does experience a medical incident such as fainting or hurting themselves, we should always try to find an adult first so that they can help.

However, knowing what to do until help arrives if someone we know hurts themselves or faints can be helpful.

Let's do another check for understanding.

This time, I'd like you to decide which words are missing.

After sliding the triangular bandage underneath the person's injured arm, bring the top end of the bandage behind their blank.

Then bring the lower part of the bandage up to meet the top and tie the two ends into a reef blank.

Now, adjust the sling so that it supports the whole arm and hand including their blank.

With the person next to you or having a think to yourself, can you decide which words are missing? Well done if you said that the first missing word is neck.

After sliding the triangular bandage underneath the person's injured arm, bring the top end of the bandage behind their neck.

Then bring the lower part of the bandage up to meet the top and tie the two ends into a reef knot.

Now, adjust the sling so that it supports the whole arm and hand, including their little finger.

Well done for your brilliant hard work so far.

We're now moving on to your final practise task.

I'd like you to match each step to making a sling to the illustration that is showing.

Over the next two slides, you can see the steps of making a sling, and underneath each illustration is a description of each step.

However, at the moment, the illustration and the text below it do not match.

Can you match each step to making the sling to the right illustration? On the first slide, we have steps one, two, and three.

And on the next slide, we have steps four, five, and six.

In a few minutes, we'll go through the correct answers.

Okay.

Your matched steps and illustrations should look like this.

The first illustration matches with ask the person to support their injured arm so we can slide the triangular bandage underneath.

Illustration two matches with bring the top end of the bandage behind their neck.

Illustration three matches with bring the lower part of the bandage up to meet the top and tie the two ends into a reef knot.

For step four, it matches with adjust the sling so that it supports their arm, including their little finger.

Step five matches with twist the bandage by the elbow and tuck it into the sling.

And finally, step six matches with make sure to check their circulation in their fingers every 10 minutes.

Well done for your hard work on this task and if you got the answers correct.

We're now going to summarise everything we've learned in today's lesson.

Today, we have learned that we should always ask an adult for help if someone has fainted, or call 999 in an emergency.

Someone who feels faint should position their body so that their head is below their heart.

We've learned that someone who has fainted but is breathing with no major injuries should be put into the recovery position and their airway checked.

We can stop bleeding by applying pressure before applying dressing to a wound.

We should clean it with water and the area around it with antiseptic.

And lastly, we've learned that if someone has hurt their arm, it's sometimes best to put it in a triangular sling until they can be seen by a medical professional.

Well done for your brilliant hard work in today's lesson.

You might have found that after this lesson, you have some worries or questions.

And if you do, it's really important that you speak to a trusted adult.

There's also some resources on the screen that are there to help you too.

I'm really proud of your hard work in today's lesson, and I've really enjoyed teaching you.

I hope to see you in another lesson soon.