Hello, my name is Miss Willow, and I'm going to be teaching you today's lesson.

Today's lesson is called, "Head Injuries," and it fits into the unit, "Staying safe and healthy, how can I save a life?" During this lesson, we're going to be talking about some physical injury and some other sensitive topics, so we recommend that you have an adult with you for the duration of this lesson.

If at any point you do feel worried or uncomfortable, it's really important that you close the screen and that you go and speak to a trusted adult.

Okay, let's make a start on today's learning.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to describe the signs of a major head injury and explain where to get support.

Before we get started, we need to go over some ground rules.

These help to make sure that everyone feels safe and comfortable throughout today's lesson.

Laura says that we need to listen to others.

This means we're not going to interrupt other people if they're speaking.

Andeep says respect each other's privacy.

This means that we're not going to ask anyone any personal questions as this can make some people feel uncomfortable.

Jacob says, "No judgement ." This means if someone chooses to share a story or an experience or an opinion, we're not going to judge them.

And Izzy says that we can choose our level of participation.

This means it's up to us how much we want to join in with today's lesson.

We're now going to go through the keywords for today's learning.

These are gonna pop up quite a few times in today's lesson, so it's really important that we have a good understanding of what each word means.

Our first keyword is brain.

This is the organ inside our head that controls all of our body's functions.

Injury.

This is a damage to your body.

And symptom.

This is something that someone experiences if they have an illness or an injury.

As we go through today's lesson, keep an eye out for these keywords and when you spot them, see if you can remember what they mean.

Today's lesson is split into two learning cycles.

Our first learning cycle is called, "Why is our brain important?" And our second learning cycle is called, "What do we do if we injure our head?" We are now going to make a start on our first learning cycle.

Why is our brain important? Our brain is extremely important in controlling our body's functions.

The brain is an organ that sits inside our skull, surrounded by fluid.

The brain controls everything that our body does from thinking and planning to making sure that blood is pumped around our body.

Our brain controls lots of different things.

For example, our personality, how we think and plan, our ability to speak, our circulation and breathing, our ability to move and balance, our senses, so this includes our sight, hearing, taste, touch and smell, and how and when our muscles move.

How our brain works plays a really important role in how we experience the world.

Because our brain is so fragile, it's protected by the skull, fluid and blood vessels.

The skull is structure that's made of bones that protects our brain.

In between the skull and the brain is a layer of fluid, which also helps to protect the brain from damage.

Let's do a check for understanding to see how you're doing with this learning cycle.

Can you remember what are two body functions that our brain controls? Pause the video, tell the person next to you, or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said our personality, how we think and plan, our ability to speak, our circulation and breathing, our ability to move and balance, and our senses like sight, hearing, taste, touch and smell, and how and when our muscles move.

Well done if you have any two of these answers.

Because our brain is so important, we should wear a helmet during some sports and activities to help protect it.

We should wear a helmet if we ever cycle, skateboard, skate, do snow sports or ride a horse.

A helmet provides another layer of protection for our brain.

If we unfortunately do end up having an accident that could hurt our head, the helmet can take the majority of the impact.

This helps to protect our brain from injury.

Sam says, "I hate wearing helmets.

They feel so uncomfortable and I only cycle for short periods of time around the park." Dr.

Elsie says that, "It's important to try different helmets until you find one that feels comfortable for you.

Wearing a helmet can be life-saving, so we should wear one anytime we cycle, regardless of how long we're cycling for or where.

Unfortunately, accidents can happen anywhere at any time," which means that it's really important to wear a helmet even if we're only cycling for short distances like Sam.

Let's do another check for understanding.

This time, I'd like you to answer the question, "what's unsafe about this image?" Can you tell the person next to you or have a think to yourself? Well done if you said, "This person is skateboarding without wearing a helmet." If we're doing something like skateboarding, it's really important to wear a helmet to protect our head.

Let's move on to your first practise task.

You're doing a brilliant job so far, so well done.

For this task, I'd like you to complete the following questions to show your understanding of why our brain's important.

Your first question is, "What is the brain?" Our second question is, "What are three body functions that our brain controls?" And question three, "What is one way that we can protect our brain?" Pause the video and we'll go through some potential answers in a few minutes.

Okay, let's see what you might have said.

For question one, "What is the brain?" You might have said that the brain is an organ that sits inside our skull surrounded by fluid.

It controls everything that our body does.

For question two, "What are three body functions that our brain controls?" You might have said our personality, how we think and plan, our ability to speak, our circulation and breathing, our ability to move and balance, our senses, and how and when our muscles move.

For question three, "What is one way that we can protect our brain?" You might have said that we can protect our brain by wearing a helmet during certain activities.

For example, when we cycle, skateboard, skate, do snow sports or ride a horse.

Well done if you had this or something similar.

We're now moving on to our second learning cycle and you've done a brilliant job so far.

Keep it up.

This learning cycle is called "What do we do if we injure our head?" Head injuries can be extremely serious.

A head injury could lead to severe damage to the brain as a result of the brain moving in a sudden and unexpected way.

When the brain bounces in the skull, this can cause bruising, bleeding, or swelling.

Laura says, "I've bumped my head loads of times before and I've always been fine.

Head injuries aren't dangerous.

Why should I tell an adult every time?" This is because some head injuries might not require medical help, but others are really serious and they could cause severe damage to the brain.

A serious head injury can cause someone to lose consciousness, which means to faint, have issues with balance and coordination.

They might have issues with their hearing or their sight.

They could lose their memory and they could have difficulty speaking, reading or writing.

In really severe cases, a head injury can cause death, especially if the injured person doesn't get any medical help.

Many people who experience a mild head injury will be okay.

However, it can be difficult to know how serious a head injury is.

A severe head injury can be caused by something that seems simple like falling over or playing a sport.

Dr.

Elsie says that, "If we experience a head injury, even if it's only a little `bump' or we feel fine, we should still tell a trusted adult straight away.

They can help to monitor us, which means keep an eye on, to make sure that we're okay." After a head injury, we might need to apply an ice pack to the injury.

We might need to drink some water, you might need to rest, and this can help us to feel better while we're being monitored by an adult.

Let's do another check for understanding.

This time I'd like you to decide who is correct.

Aisha says, "We only need to tell a trusted adult that we've bumped our head if it's bleeding," but Andeep says, "We should tell a trusted adult if we've bumped our head, even if it seems okay." Who do you think is correct? Pause the video, tell the person next to you or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said that Andeep is correct.

We should always tell a trusted adult if we've bumped our head, even if it seems okay.

This is because bumping our head can be serious, so it's important that we tell a trusted adult.

We should tell an adult if we or someone else has a head injury because there are some symptoms to watch out for.

These symptoms could indicate that this head injury is serious, so the person needs medical help and they should go to hospital.

These symptoms include vomiting, losing consciousness or fainting from the injury, feeling more irritable, which means grumpy, some forgetfulness and a severe headache that doesn't go away with medication given by a trusted adult.

Some symptoms are severe and they indicate that the emergency services should be called by calling 999.

These symptoms include someone having difficulty staying awake after the injury, passing out, so fainting from the injury and not waking up quickly, and someone experiencing vision or hearing changes.

They could also have something called a seizure or they have bleeding or clear fluid from the ears.

They could also struggle to walk, balance, understand what others are saying, talk or write.

If anyone has any of these symptoms after a head injury, 999 should be called.

Dr.

Elsie says that, "In the event of a head injury, an adult should always decide the safest action to take to make sure that someone's okay.

This means monitoring for symptoms or deciding what medical help is needed." Alex says, "We can help by telling an adult if a friend has hurt their head and telling them if we notice a friend with any symptoms after a head injury." Let's do another check for understanding.

Can you finish the sentence? We should call 999 if someone shows symptoms after a head injury such as A, having a headache, B, struggling to stay awake, or C, struggling to walk.

What do you think? Pause the video, tell the person next to you or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said that B and C are correct.

If someone is struggling to stay awake or struggling to walk after a head injury, this suggests that we should call 999 straight away.

Dr.

Elsie says that, "Someone who has a headache from a head injury should still go to hospital, but we may not need to call 999" straight away.

It is time to move on to your final practise task.

Well done for your fantastic hard work so far.

For the first part of this task, I'd like you to explain to Izzy why she should tell a trusted adult her head injury.

Izzy says, "I've fallen over while playing tag and hit my head.

It hurts a bit, but I feel fine.

It's not even bruised or anything so it can't be serious." Can you explain why Izzy should tell a trusted adult? Pause the video and we'll go through some potential answers in a few minutes.

Okay, let's see what you might have said.

You might have said that Izzy should tell a trusted adult about her head injury because, "we should always tell a trusted adult if we've hurt our head because head injuries can be dangerous.

A trusted adult can help to monitor us for any symptoms that might suggest that we need medical help." Well done, if you had this or something similar.

For the second part of this task, I'd like you to put a circle around which head injury symptoms would be cause to call 999 and a square around which would be a cause to go to hospital.

The symptoms are not waking up from passing out, vomiting, having a seizure, bleeding from the ears, or feeling more irritable.

Which would be cause to call 999 and which would be cause just to go to hospital? Pause the video and we'll go through the answers in a few minutes.

Okay, let's see what your answers should include.

Your circled answers, which means you should call 999, include not waking up from passing out, bleeding from the ears and having a seizure.

You should have a square around vomiting and feeling more irritable.

Someone who experiences these symptoms should go to hospital, but you might not need to call 999.

We are now going to summarise the key learning from today's lesson.

You've done a brilliant job, well done.

In today's lesson, we've learned that our brain is extremely important in allowing our body to function properly.

We've learned that it's important to wear a helmet when doing certain activities, like cycling or skateboarding, to protect our head.

A head injury could lead to serious damage to the brain.

If we experience a head injury, we should tell a trusted adult straight away so that they can monitor us for any symptoms. Some symptoms after a head injury can suggest that we need urgent medical help, like vomiting, and in some cases, for example, if we have a seizure, we need to call 999 straight away.

Well done for your hard work in today's lesson.

In today's lesson, we've talked about some tricky topics and you might find that you've got some worries or some questions.

It's important to talk to a trusted adult about how you feel and there's also some resources on the screen who are there to help you too.

Well done for your hard work today.

I'm really proud of you and I hope to see you in another lesson soon.