Hello, my name is Miss Willow, and I'm going to be your teacher for today's lesson.

Today's lesson is called dental hygiene, and it fits into the unit Staying Safe and Healthy.

How do I maintain physical health? During this lesson, we're going to be talking about some tricky topics, so for this lesson, we recommend that you have an adult with you.

If at any point you do feel worried or uncomfortable, it's really important that you close the screen and that you go and speak to a trusted adult.

Okay, let's make a start on today's learning.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to explain how cleaning teeth, diet, and dental checkups support your dental health.

Before we get started with today's lesson, we need to go over some ground rules.

These help to make sure that everyone feels safe and comfortable during today's lesson.

Laura says that we need to listen to others.

It's okay to disagree with each other, but we should listen properly before we make any assumptions or before we decide how to respond.

When we disagree with someone else, we should always challenge the statement and not the person themselves.

Andeep says, respect each other's privacy.

This means that we can discuss examples, but we shouldn't use any names or descriptions that could identify anyone, including ourselves.

If we choose to share a story, we could decide to refer to someone as my friend.

This means that we could be talking about anyone, and we're not giving away any identifying information.

Izzy says that we can choose our level of participation.

Everyone has the right to choose not to answer a question or to join in discussion, and we should never put anyone on the spot as this can make someone feel uncomfortable.

Jacob says, we need to not have any judgement.

We can explore beliefs and misunderstandings about a topic without being judged.

We're now going to go through the keywords for today's lesson.

These are gonna pop up quite a lot in today's lesson, so it's important that we know what each word means.

Check-up, in this context, this means a routine examination by a dentist to check for any dental health issues.

Plaque, this is a sticky film of bacteria that forms in our teeth and can cause cavities.

Decay, in this context, this means damage to the surface of a tooth caused by acids.

Flossing, this is a method of cleaning between the teeth that uses a thin flexible thread.

And finally, calcium, this is a mineral that helps to build strong bones and teeth.

Today's lesson is split into three learning cycles.

Our first learning cycle is called, why is cleaning teeth important for dental health? Our second learning cycle is called, how does diet impact dental health? And finally, our last learning cycle is called, how do regular checkups maintain dental health? We are now going to make a start on our first learning cycle.

Why is cleaning teeth important for dental health? Izzy has gone to Dentist Haru for her regular dental check-up.

Izzy says, "Hi, Dentist Haru, "I think I've got a wobbly tooth "and a new tooth is coming through.

Dentist Haru says, "Great, let's have a look.

"Well done for coming back for a check-up." Izzy asks, "What can I do to help keep my teeth healthy? And Dentist Haru says, "That our dental health is very important.

"There are lots of things that you can do "to look after your teeth, including regular brushing, "being careful about what you eat and drink, "and making sure that you attend regular check-ups "at the dentist." It's important to brush your teeth regularly because this helps to remove plaque.

Remember, that plaque is a sticky film of bacteria that forms on teeth and causes cavities.

Cavities are small holes in the enamel of our teeth, and we can remove plaque by brushing our teeth.

But if plaque is left on the tooth without being brushed off, it can harden and turn yellow, and this is called tartar, and this is much harder to remove.

Let's do a check for understanding to see how you're doing.

I'd like you to decide, is this statement true or false? Plaque can be easily removed by regular brushing.

What do you think? Tell the person next to you or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said that this is true.

It's easy to remove plaque from our teeth by regularly brushing.

Effective ways to remove plaque and to prevent the buildup of tartar include regularly brushing our teeth and flossing.

Brushing your teeth twice a day after breakfast, and again before you go to bed, is really important for looking after our teeth.

This means that you remove plaque at the end of the day, and it's not left to decay your teeth overnight.

Using toothpaste is also really important because it contains a substance called fluoride.

Fluoride can strengthen the tooth enamel, and this makes the tooth more resistant to tooth decay.

You only need a small amount of toothpaste to brush your teeth effectively.

This helps to avoid having too much fluoride.

And we should remember to avoid rinsing our mouth immediately after brushing our teeth to allow the toothpaste to work.

There are different types of toothbrushes that we can use.

We can use an electric toothbrush.

This needs to be charged for the bristles of the toothbrush to rotate as you move it across your teeth.

Electric toothbrushes often come with timers.

These remind you when to brush different parts of your teeth.

A manual toothbrush needs to be moved across the teeth using circular motions by the person brushing.

If you are using a manual toothbrush, it can be helpful to set your own timer for two minutes.

This can be helpful as it makes sure that you brush your teeth for long enough time.

Izzy wants to ask a question.

She asks, "Is it better to use a manual "or electric toothbrush when brushing my teeth?" Dentist Haru says, "That some electric toothbrushes "can remove plaque more effectively, "but these are more expensive than a manual toothbrush.

"As long as you're brushing twice a day "for at least two minutes each time using toothpaste, "this will help to keep your teeth healthy." Flossing is another method of cleaning your teeth that you can do as well as brushing your teeth.

Dental floss is a thin, flexible thread normally made from waxed nylon that helps to remove plaque from in between teeth.

It helps to reach the places that the bristles of a toothbrush can't.

Along with brushing our teeth and flossing, mouthwash can also help to improve our oral hygiene.

Mouthwash is a liquid that you rinse through your mouth and then you spit it out.

It's important to remember not to swallow mouthwash.

But children under the age of six shouldn't use mouthwash, and children between the ages of six and 12 should always use mouthwash under adult supervision.

It's also important to only use a mouthwash that's designed for children's mouths, as this type of mouthwash has lower levels of fluoride.

Let's do another check for understanding.

This time, I'd like you to decide how long should you brush your teeth for each time? Is it A, for one minute, B, two minutes, or C, three minutes? Pause the video, tell the person next to you, or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said that B is correct.

Whenever we brush our teeth, which should be twice a day, we should brush for two minutes each time.

Well done if you said the same thing.

We're now moving on to your first practise task.

I'd like you to read the statements by Aisha and Laura.

I'd like you to identify the two misconceptions in each statement and rewrite them so that they're correct.

Aisha says, "The more toothpaste that you use, the better.

"This makes your teeth cleaner "and means you only have to brush once a day." Laura says, "Flossing isn't important "as it doesn't really help to keep your teeth healthy.

"It doesn't matter if you brush your teeth "before or after dinner." Can you identify the two misconceptions that Aisha and Laura have said and rewrite them so that they're correct? Pause the video, and we'll go through some potential answers in a few minutes.

Okay, let's see what your responses may have looked like.

Aisha might now say that you only need to use a small amount of toothpaste to prevent having too much fluoride.

No matter how well you brush your teeth, you always need to do this twice a day.

And Lauren might now say, flossing is important because it can remove plaque from areas a toothbrush can't reach.

Brushing after dinner is better so that plaque is not left to decay your teeth overnight.

Well done if you had this or something similar.

It is time to move on to your second learning cycle, and you're doing a brilliant job so far.

Our next learning cycle is called, how does diet impact dental health? Keeping our teeth healthy is important because it helps to protect the nerves in our gums. Here we have the tooth enamel, dentin, gum, and we can see the blood vessels and nerves.

Each tooth will have a structure a little bit like this.

Brushing our teeth stops the enamel from breaking down, preventing bacteria and infection from getting into the lower layers of our teeth.

Another way to keep our teeth healthy is to think about the impacts of our diet, so what we eat on our teeth.

Dentist Haru says, "That foods and drinks with high levels of acidity "can break down the enamel on our teeth.

"This can lead to our teeth becoming more sensitive "or even decaying.

"If our enamel decays, it can create cavities "that might need filling by a dentist." Food with high levels of sugar and acidity include citrus fruits, like lemons, limes, oranges and grapefruits, fruit juices and fizzy drinks, jams and jellies, and sweets and sugary fruits.

Izzy asks a really good question, "Does this mean I can't eat sweets or citrus fruits "if I want to keep my teeth healthy?" Dentist Haru says, "No, it just means that when you do, "eat these in small amounts.

"It can be helpful to have a glass of water "to reduce the acidity levels in your mouth, "and you need to remember to brush your teeth later.

"If you drink fizzy drinks, "it can be good to use a straw to help avoid the sugar "being on your teeth for too long." We're now going to do another check for understanding.

For this task, I'd like you to decide which of these can help to reduce the levels of acidity in your mouth when eating or drinking sugary things.

Pause the video, look at the images, and tell the person next to you what you think The answer is.

Well done If you said that all three of these things can help to reduce the levels of acidity in your mouth.

We can use a straw if we're drinking a fizzy drink.

We can have some water after eating something sugary to reduce the levels of acidity in our mouth.

And we can remember to brush our teeth too.

Well done if you got this right.

Making healthy food choices isn't just about reducing the amount of sugar and acid that our teeth are exposed to.

It's also about improving our dental health.

There are lots of different foods that can improve our dental health.

Those with high levels of calcium are particularly beneficial for our dental health.

Dentist Haru says, "That calcium is important "because it can strengthen the enamel of our teeth, "which can protect against decay and cavities.

"Calcium can be found in dairy products "like cheese, milk, and yoghourt, "and it's also found in other foods such as tofu, "some types of fish, green vegetables, nuts and seeds." These are all really good choices for our dental health.

Other dental super foods are garlic.

This contains a compound that can help to prevent bacteria in our mouth from growing, and causing tooth decay.

And leafy greens like chard, kale and spinach contain calcium and other vitamins that help to keep our teeth healthy.

Salmon and other fatty fish are good for our teeth.

They provide vitamin D, high levels of calcium and omega-3, which can help to improve the health of our gums. Still water, not only is this good for hydration and keeping our body healthy, but it also helps to balance out the levels of acid in the mouth.

Dentist Haru says, "That still water is better for dental health "than fizzy water "because the bubbles in sparkling water "are slightly more acidic." Let's do another check for understanding.

This time, I'd like you to complete the following sentences.

What we eat and something can impact our dental health.

Foods with high levels of something can break down the enamel on our teeth and increase the risk of something.

Food with high levels of something can help to make our enamel stronger to prevent decay.

Can you tell the person next to you or have a think to yourself what words you think go in the gaps? Well done if you say that the first sentence should say, what we eat and drink can impact our dental health.

Next, you should have said that foods with high levels of acid can break down the enamel on our teeth and increases the risks of cavities.

And finally, foods with high levels of calcium can help to make our enamel stronger to prevent decay.

Well done if you got this right.

We're now moving on to your second practise task.

For this task, I'd like you to sort these foods into the correct columns of the table.

We have orange, yoghourt, spinach, cheese, nuts, sweets, grapefruit, lemonade, salmon, lemon, kale, chard, jam, biscuits, garlic, and milk.

I'd like you to sort these into foods that can improve dental health and foods with higher levels of acid that could damage our teeth.

Okay, let's see what your completed table should look like.

In the column that says, foods that can improve our dental health, you should have yoghourt, spinach, cheese, nuts, salmon, kale, chard, garlic and milk.

And for the foods with higher levels of acid that could damage our teeth, you should have orange, sweets, grapefruit, lemonade, lemon, jam, and biscuits.

Well done if you put the correct foods and drinks in the right place.

We are now moving on to your final learning cycle and you've done a brilliant job so far.

This learning cycle is called, how do regular checkups maintain dental health? It's important that everyone attends regular dental checkups throughout their lives.

If there are no dental problems, this should be once a year for children, and once every two years for adults.

Dentist Haru says, "That these are only guidelines for people "that don't have any issues with their teeth.

"If you have any pain in your mouth "or worries about the health of your teeth, "you should schedule an appointment "with the dentist sooner." Going to the dentist up to the age of 18, dentist appointments are free, or up to the age of 19 if you are in full-time education, for example, if you go to university or college.

Appointments are also free for adults if they receive certain benefits.

And up to the age of 16, it's important to remember, that you need to see a dentist with an adult with you.

To register with a dentist, if you are not already registered, it's important to have proof of your identification, so who you are, and your address.

Let's do a check for understanding.

For this statement, I'd like you to decide if it's true or false.

Children under the age of 18 have to pay for their dental appointments.

What do you think? Is this true or false? Pause the video, tell the person next to you or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you say that this is false.

But why? You might have said that up to the age of 18, dentist appointments are free, or up to the age of 19 if you're in full-time education.

Well done if you got this right.

Sometimes the idea of going to the dentist can be a little bit worrying.

However, it's really important to attend regular appointments at the dentist.

You'll quickly get used to the procedures and realise that there's nothing to worry about.

Regular dental checkups can help to identify any dental issues, prevent any issues from getting worse, check on general dental health.

If you are worried about attending a checkup, it's important to speak to a trusted adult or tell the dentist at the start of the appointment so that they can help to reassure you.

When you go to visit the dentist, you'll lie flat on the chair.

You'll be given glasses to protect your eyes from the light.

You'll be asked to open your mouth nice and wide, and you'll have the dentist use a light and a small mirror to count and check your teeth.

Sometimes you might experience a small stream of air to dry your mouth out so that they can see your teeth more clearly.

Dentist Haru says that, "Although most of our baby teeth will fall out "when we're young, "we might still be growing adult teeth "up to the age of 13 or 14.

"A dentist will check the amount of teeth that you have "and whether any new teeth are growing underneath." Izzy says, "I've learned that we have 20 teeth "as babies and children, but 32 teeth as adults." If a small crack or cavity is found in a tooth, then the dentist might give you a filling.

A filling is when the dentist repairs or fills the space to prevent any further decay and breakdown of the enamel.

And this also stops the cavity reaching the nerve, which can be quite painful.

Although the feeling of having a filling might seem a bit strange, but it's not a painful experience and it prevents any serious dental work having to be done later on.

Let's do another check for understanding.

If there are no problems, children should go to dental checkups, A, twice a year, B, once a year, or C once every two years.

What do you think? Pause the video, tell the person next to you or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said that B is correct.

If there's no problems, children should aim to go for dental checkups once a year to make sure that their teeth are healthy.

Let's move on to your final practise task.

Well done for your hard work so far and keep this up.

Jacob is feeling nervous about going to the dentist for a check-up.

He isn't sure why he needs to go and he isn't sure what to expect.

Can you write one paragraph to explain to Jacob how regularly he should attend check-ups, what happens at the appointment and why it's important to attend dentist check-ups? Pause the video and we'll go through some potential answers in a few minutes.

Okay, let's see what your completed paragraph might have said.

Children under the age of 18 need to see a dentist once a year, unless they have specific concerns with their teeth and dental health.

When you attend a checkup, you will lay flat on the dentist's chair and open your mouth so that they can see inside your mouth.

They may use a light and a mirror to get a better view of your teeth, and a small stream of air to dry your mouth slightly.

It's important to attend these checkups because they help to identify any dental issues, prevent any issues from getting worse, and they can check your general dental health, and this helps you to maintain healthy oral hygiene.

Well done if you had this or something similar.

We're now going to summarise the key learning from today's lesson.

In today's lesson, we've learned that having good dental hygiene is important because it prevents tooth decay.

A crucial part of this is brushing and flossing to remove plaque.

If we don't remove plaque, this can result in cavities or cracks in the enamel of our teeth.

A diet low in sugar and high in calcium supports dental hygiene and helps to strengthen the enamel on our teeth.

Eating less acidic foods or brushing and drinking still water after eating all help to reduce damage to our teeth.

Attending regular check-ups helps to identify any dental issues, prevent any issues from getting worse and checks your general dental health.

Children under the age of 18 should see a dentist every year unless there are specific issues with their teeth, which might mean that they need to go to the dentist sooner.

In today's lesson, you might have found that you've got some worries or some questions, and it's really important to speak to a trusted adult about how you feel.

There's also some resources on the screen who are there to help you too.

Well done for your hard work in today's lesson.

I hope to see you in another lesson soon.