Hello, scientists.

My name is Mr. Wilshire, and in this lesson we're going to be looking at changing shape.

We're gonna be planning and then doing.

Let's jump in.

The outcome for our lesson today is to plan and carry out a test to try to change the shape of different materials in different ways.

There are some keywords for our lesson here.

Now, I'm going to say them and I'd like you to repeat them after me.

The first one, squash.

Excellent.

The next one, bend.

Great job! Now, twist.

Brilliant.

Let's try this one, stretch.

And finally, material.

Well done, everybody.

Great reading of those keywords.

Now, don't worry if you're not too sure what some of those keywords mean.

All these words are going to be used throughout our lesson, so have a little think now about what you think they could be.

Maybe you've heard some of these words before, or maybe you've heard them but you're not too sure what they mean.

Pause the video here and have a quick think.

Do you know any of these words? Or maybe you're going to learn some new ones as we go.

Let's jump into the first part of our lesson, materials that change shape.

Now, Lucas is in the cafe role play area at his school.

He is making a pretend breakfast for his friends.

He decides to make a pancake from some dough.

He rolls the dough into a sphere and then he presses it flat with his hand.

You can see there a picture of a dough sphere and a picture of the dough when it has all been pressed flat.

There's Lucas there, looking very proud of his collection.

So what has happened to the sphere here? What do we call it when we press or we squeeze something like this? Pause the video and have a think or have a discussion.

Restart when you've done that.

Hopefully you've had a good discussion about what has happened to the sphere here.

Hmm.

What do we call it where we press or squeeze something like this? Well, Lucas has squashed the dough to make the pancake.

When we squash something, we squeeze it or we press it.

Have a little go at squeezing and pressing now with your hands.

Get your hands and put them together.

Can you squeeze your hands? Hold your hand flat.

Put another hand on top and press.

Can you press your hand? Hmm.

I wonder what other things that we squash and press in our lives.

Here you can see in one picture, there's an example of somebody who is pressing on the dough.

So they're pressing from the top down to the bottom, pressing on the dough.

And there you can see a picture of the squashed dough pancake.

And there is a picture of some real pancakes as well.

Mm, very yummy.

They do need to be nice and squashed, don't they? Because I don't think they'd be very nice if they were all rolled up in a ball like that.

You won't be able to put any toppings on them.

Let's stop and think.

What do we do when we squash something? Do we make it not straight, do we press on it or squeeze it, or do we make it taller? The answer here is press on it or squeeze it, and that's what happens when we squash something.

Next, Lucas decides to make a croissant.

He rolls out a very long piece of dough.

He notices that a croissant is, well, it's not straight, is it? So what does he need to do here to make it look like a real croissant? Pause the video here and have a think.

What do you think he's going to need to do to make it look like a croissant? Hopefully you've had a good think about what he needs to do here.

You can see there the straight dough cylinder and you can see a croissant.

Well, Lucas is going to need to bend the dough to make it look like a real croissant.

So what do we do when we bend something? Hmm.

Pause the video and have a think.

What do we do? When we bend something, we need to curve it so that it's not straight.

Have a little go with your fingers now.

Hold your fingers nice and straight.

And now can you bend them? Ah, look, my fingers are not straight anymore, are they? They're now bent.

Straight, and bend.

Straight, and bend.

Hmm.

You can see there in the picture someone is bending the dough.

They're having to squeeze it a little bit to bend it into shape.

Ah, and now there's a picture of the dough with a bend in it.

So let's stop and think here.

Which of these photos shows playdough that has been bent? Is it A, B, or C? The answer here is C.

That playdough has been bent, hasn't it? It looks a little bit like a boomerang there.

A looks like it has been squashed into a flat pancake.

B looks like, wow, it's been mixed up there, hasn't it? It's been twisted into a shape with another colour.

Mm, I wonder if that previous picture is going to help us here.

Lucas wants to make some chocolate twists to go with his breakfast, so he rolls the dough into a cylinder shape.

What are you going to need to do next? You can see a chocolate twist there.

So the chocolate has been mixed in with two bits of dough and they've been twisted together.

(gasps) I wonder.

Have a think now, what is he going to need to do next? Pause the video, discuss, restart when you've done that.

So with his dough cylinders, Lucas is going to need to twist the dough to make it look like a real chocolate twist.

So what do we need to do when we twist something? Hmm.

See if you can demonstrate that now.

Pretend that you've got some dough in your hand, and with your partner or with somebody else, have a go at pretending to twist it.

Restart the video when you've done that.

Did you have a go at twisting? You're going to need to get either end and you're going to need to twist in opposite directions, aren't you? One hand can go that way and the other hand can go this way.

Twist, twist, twist.

You can even have a go twisting your body as well, couldn't you? You can twist in your chair if you're sitting down.

So when we twist something, we need to hold each end and turn them in opposite directions.

Usually you have to do this many times.

I wonder if you've done this with anything other than playdough.

Maybe you've got some grass from the garden outside and you've twisted the bits of grass together.

So have a think.

Who do you agree with here? Jun says, "When we twist something, we pull it to make it longer." Andeep says, "When we twist something, we hold each end of it and turn them in opposite directions, usually lots of times." Alex says, "When we twist something, we squeeze on or we press on it." Hmm, what do you think? Who's correct? Pause the video and have a discussion.

Restart when you've done that.

The person who's correct here is Andeep, isn't it? When you need to twist something, you need to grab both ends and twist it in opposite directions.

Usually you need to do it lots of times.

So let's stop and think.

Which of these photos shows playdough that has been twisted? The answer here is B.

A is a pancake.

C, oh, it looks like a bit of a bendy boomerang.

So Lucas decides to make a plate to put all of his breakfast food on.

So he rolls a ball of playdough and then squashes it to make the shape of a plate, but oh no, it's too small.

What should he do? Pause the video and have a think.

Hopefully you've had a chance to have a think about what he's going to do.

Well, Lucas decides to gently stretch the playdough to make it into a bigger plate.

Look, you can see there on the left-hand side is a plate before stretching, and on the right is the plate being stretched.

Hmm.

What do we do when we stretch something? Pause the video and have a think.

So what do we do when we stretch something? Well, when we stretch something, we are going to pull on it to change its shape.

Hmm.

I can't really do that with my hand.

I wonder if there's anything that you know that you need to stretch.

Oh, maybe your shirt or your jumper.

Can you stretch on it to change its shape? Sometimes with your jumper though, it'll bounce back into place, won't it? Finally, Lucas pretends that his breakfast is ready, so he decides to serve it up to his friend.

Can you remember how he changed the shape of each object here? Pause the video and have a quick discussion.

How did he change the shape of everything? Let's see if you remembered.

He needed to bend the croissant, he needed to squash the pancake, and he needed to stretch the plate and twist the chocolate twist.

Stop and think.

When we pull on something to change its shape, what are we doing? Are we stretching, twisting, or squashing? We are stretching it.

If we pull on it to change its shape, we need to stretch.

So here is the first task for your lesson.

Squash, bend, twist, and stretch the dough into different shapes.

I wonder if you can make your own meal out of dough.

Then you've got to explain what you did to the dough each time to change its shape.

So it's your chance to get creative here.

Make up your own delicious meal and have a go squashing, bending, and twisting and stretching to make your own plate.

Pause the video here.

Best of luck.

See you in a moment.

Hopefully you've had a chance to have a go creating your own meal.

I wonder what you made and if you used any different colours to what they would normally look like.

Here is a meal made out of dough that Sofia has done, and she says, "I've made a meal of a burger in a bun with tomatoes, lettuce, chips, peas, and some tomato ketchup, all made out of dough.

I squashed the lettuce and the ketchup to get the right shape.

I stretched the burger and the bun to make them bigger." Wow, great job, Sofia.

I wonder if any of you have created a delicious plate like this.

Let's squash, squeeze, stretch, and twist our way into the next part of the lesson, testing materials that change shape.

Scientists plan and carry out simple tests.

They can find out which materials are best for different jobs.

There you can see a picture of a scientist planning and a scientist testing.

Here are three children.

Aisha says, "I think all materials change shape when they're squashed, bent, twisted, or stretched." Sam says, "Only some materials can change shape." Laura says, "Some materials can be bent, but they can't be stretched." How could we find out? Pause the video and discuss.

Restart when you've done that.

Hmm.

So how could we find out? What did we think? Maybe we could test each one.

We could get lots of different types of materials and put them all together to test them, couldn't we? We could twist them all, bend them all, squash them all, and stretch them all.

Jacob says, "How can we test different materials to find out which ones can change shape when we squash, bend, twist, and stretch them?" So what are your ideas here? Talk to a partner about your plan.

Brilliant.

I wonder what your plans are.

Let's go through a few more ideas.

Sofia's idea is this.

"We could use our hands like we did with the dough to try to squash, bend, twist, and stretch each material." Oh yeah.

There, look, you can see squashing and bending going on.

So they can use their hands for each type of material.

I wonder what you think here.

Are they going to be able to use their hands for every type of material? Jun says, "If we're testing lots of different materials, how will we remember all of our results?" I wonder.

Is there a good way to help them remember their results? When scientists carry out tests, they need to write down or record what happens so that they can remember it for later on.

You can see here someone recording some test results themselves.

Andeep says, "When I investigate things, I write down the results of my tests." Now, the results could look something like this.

Here, tests can be recorded in a table like this, just like Andeep said.

There's a material and can it be squashed, can it be bent, can it be twisted, and can it be stretched headings.

So they can write the materials down one side and then put their answers for each material in the next.

So stop and think here.

When scientists investigate whether they can make materials change shape, where do they record their results? In a plan, in a chair, or in a table? The answer here is in a table.

They're gonna write out all of their ideas onto a table.

So here's the final task for your lesson.

Use your own plan here, or Sofia's idea, to test some different materials and find out which can be squashed, bent, twisted, or stretched.

Izzy says, "Remember, you are finding out which material can change its shape in different ways." So here's your chance to put your ideas into practise.

I wonder if any of your ideas matched up to what the children came up with when they were deciding what to do.

Did you decide to store your results in a table too? You could record your results in a table like this here.

Well, decide which materials you're going to investigate and have a go.

You can start recording them when you squash, bend, twist, or stretch.

Best of luck.

Restart the video when you've done that.

Well, I hope you all had fun squashing, bending, twisting, and stretching.

Here is an example of some things that you could have done.

Now, different materials that we tried were dough, some rock, hard plastic, some denim fabric, paper, a rubber band, and a sponge.

You can see there that the dough could be squashed, bent, twisted, and stretched, and so could lots of the other things like the rubber band as well.

The rock and the hard plastic, none of that happened at all.

We couldn't squash, bend, twist it, or stretch it.

The other results there are on the screen for you to see.

I wonder if you can see any of the results where something couldn't be stretched.

I wonder which ones show you which ones can't be squashed, which ones could be bent.

If you want to have a look further at these results, you can pause the video, and continue when you're ready.

So let's summarise our lesson.

Squashing, bending, twisting, and stretching are different ways of changing the shape of some materials.

Scientists can plan and test how squashing bending, twisting, and stretching can change the shape of some materials.

There you can see a chocolate twist.

It's important that people have a go at these different things, isn't it? Or otherwise, we wouldn't have the yummy things like chocolate twists to eat, or any croissants.

We need to investigate and explore ourselves in order to make things more interesting and certainly make things more delicious.

Who knows, if you keep on testing out different materials, you could test out items for the next toy that could be coming out, or you could be in charge of testing different foods.

Whatever you get up to, I hope that you squash, bend, twist, and stretch your way to victory! My name's been Mr. Wilshire.

Thank you very much for listening.