Hello, scientists.

My name is Mr. Wilshire, and in this lesson we'll be looking at changing shape.

This lesson is the review stage.

The outcome for our lesson today is to find out how the shapes of solid objects made from some materials can be changed.

There are some key words to remember for our lesson here.

Let's go through them now.

I'm going to say them and I'd like you to repeat them after me.

The first word is material.

Very good.

Next up, change.

Well done.

Now, shape.

Great.

Then we have results.

And finally we have original.

That was very good.

Well done.

Now, don't worry if you're not too sure what some of these keywords mean.

You may have heard them before in other lessons, you may have an idea as to what they could mean.

Pause the video now if you would like to and have a quick think about what these words are and what they mean.

The meaning should become clear as we work through our lesson.

The first part of our lesson is called reviewing an investigation.

Now, Sofia has been finding out about what happens to materials when you squash, twist, stretch or bend them.

You can see an example of a purple thing being squashed.

Some pink and light blue dough being twisted.

There's some light blue dough being stretched and some darker blue dough being bent.

Can you explain to a partner what these words mean? Hmm.

Pause the video here and have a go.

Restart when you've done that.

I remember enjoying using play dough when I was younger as well.

By squashing something, you are flattening it into the ground.

When you're twisting something, you need to grab either end and you need to twist in different directions.

When you stretch something, you are making it longer.

And by bending something, well, you can make it into funny, different shapes, can't you? So Sofia has tested some different materials to see if they would change shape when she tries to squash, bend, twist, or stretch them, and then recorded the results in a table.

There you can see an example of some dough that's been bent.

There you can see an example of someone stretching a rubber glove.

And finally, there's some twisted bits of paper.

Did you test some materials in a similar way to Sofia? If you didn't, have a little think about what materials you might like to stretch, and if you can, you can have a little practise now with some of them.

So let's stop and think.

Which of these are ways of changing the shape of materials? Is it sphere and cylinder? Is it bending and twisting? Or is it dough and plate? The answer here is bending and twisting.

So Laura and Jacob are talking about which materials that can change shape.

Laura says, you can only change the shape of soft materials.

Jacob says, well, I think some hard materials can change shape two.

What would help Laura and Jacob to find out who is correct here? Hmm.

What's going to help? Pause the video and have a discussion.

Restart when you've done that.

Hmm.

What's going to help Laura and Jacob find out who is correct, I wonder? Can you only change the shape of soft materials or can hard materials change shape too? Laura and Jacob look at Sofia's table of results and they look for the hard materials that were tested.

Before we move on, can you spot any of the materials that you think are hard? Pause the video and have a discussion.

Restart when you've done that.

Hmm.

So there's dough and rock, hard plastic, denim, paper, a rubber band, and a sponge.

The only two there are, well, a rock and hard plastic.

They're the only two that actually sound like they're going to be hard materials.

I know that dough could be stretchy and paper you can scrunch up.

So I think the only two there that we can get are the rock and the hard plastic.

So rock and hard plastics are the hard materials that are tested here.

Here, they've taken the results outta the table and they've just left the rock and the hard plastic results to help.

Laura says, the results show that the hard materials cannot be squashed, bent, twisted, or stretched.

Jacob says, "You are correct, Laura.

We can only change the shape of the soft materials." Yeah, I can see that as well.

The rock is a no in all sections.

You can't do it at all, and so is the hard plastic.

So the children record their results in a table.

Which of these is a table? Is it A, B, or C? The answer here is C.

That's a table of results.

There's material and can it be squashed at the top? B is, well, it's the start of a Venn diagram, isn't it? With transparent and opaque written up and A is a bar graph.

So here's the first task for your lesson.

Use the results that you've collected here, or you could use Sofia's results if you like.

You're going to need to answer some questions.

So you're going to need to get your thinking caps on and get ready to get answering.

Question one says, which materials do not change shape? Hmm.

Which ones out of Sofia's test results didn't change shape at all? Two says, which materials can be changed in all ways by squashing, bending, twisting, and stretching? And three says, which materials can be bent but not stretched? Hmm.

I wonder if there were any of those materials there that could be bent but not stretched.

And four, which materials can be twisted and stretched? Oh, what a bunch of very tricky questions.

I wonder just by looking at the results that Sofia has, or if you've got some of your own, whether you are going to be able to find answers to all of these questions.

Don't worry if one of the results that you've found is a no, because not all of these questions are going to have a correct answer.

It will depend on your results and what you've done in your investigating.

Just in case, here is Sofia's table of results.

You can pause the video now and restart when you've had your discussions and gone through those questions.

Best of luck.

Now, your answers may be similar to these, but if you've tested some different materials, they might be a little bit different.

So that's okay.

You can have a discussion or share some of your ideas with someone else in the classroom or someone else that you know.

Then you can find out which items could answer each question.

Using Sofia's answers and results, we've got here some answers to those different questions.

Number one is rock and hard plastic do not change shape.

Number two is dough and a rubber band can be changed by squashing, bending, twisting, and stretching.

Three, the denim, fabric, paper and sponge can be bent, but it can't be stretched.

Oh, yes, of course, you can't stretch paper.

It would rip.

The sponge can also not be stretched 'cause that would tear as well.

And the fabric, if you kept on pulling that, it wouldn't stretch.

It would rip.

Number four there, dough and a rubber band can be twisted and stretched.

Oh yes, of course, you can twist them.

You can stretch them.

Hmm.

They were definitely the correct answers for that question.

So as we said before, your answers may be a little bit different here if you tested different materials.

So take the time now to compare some of your results and show them off to someone that you know.

The final part of our lesson is called changing shape.

Let's squash, twist, bend, and stretch our way into the next part of this lesson.

So some materials can't change shape at all, even when we squash, twist, stretch or bend them.

Here you can see a picture of different colour bears all made up from some very hard plastic.

You may have some of these similar in your school, or maybe there's some items that you play with.

Now, I know that with these are used for counting with and sorting, and they are very hard.

So Sofia looks at her results and she observes that rock cannot be squashed, bent, twisted, or stretched.

You can see a picture of some rock there.

Wow, I wonder where she got that rock from.

That looks a very interesting piece of rock with lots of different speckles on it.

Sofia says, rock is a material that does not change shape when you try to squash, bend, twist, or stretch it.

So what other materials don't change shape when you try to squash, bend, twist, or stretch them? I know that there was one other from the results table from the slides before.

Have a little think if there are any others that you know of.

Maybe you've had a go at this before or maybe you did your own investigating and have your own answers.

Now's your chance to have a think.

If there are any other materials that are like that, just like this rock here, pause the video and have a discussion.

Restart when you've done that.

I wonder which objects that you chose to look through.

Well, Sofia starts to look around the room for some objects made from other materials.

She's got a chair that's been made out of wood.

Sofia says, "I can't change the shape of this chair by squashing, bending, twisting, or stretching it." She's right, isn't she? I think if anything, if you were to try and do that yourself, you might end up breaking the chair or maybe even hurting yourself.

Hmm.

A chair is one of those types of things that's very hard to do anything else too is made out of wood, which is a very hard material.

Let's stop and think.

True or false.

Some objects are made from materials whose shape cannot be changed when squashed, bent, twisted, or stretched.

Pause the video and have a discussion.

Is that true or false? The answer here is true.

Some objects are made from materials whose shape cannot be changed.

Why do we think this? Let's justify our answer.

Is it because some objects are hard and don't change shape? Or is it because some objects are soft and do not change shape? The answer here is because some objects are hard, they do not change shape.

How interesting.

Here's Sofia's results table again.

Now, Sofia's results show that lots of the materials she tested can actually be twisted.

So have a think here.

Which materials can be twisted? There they are in that column there.

Have a little look and discuss.

Hopefully, you've had a good chance to discuss which ones can be twisted.

Well, the dough, the fabric, the paper, the rubber band and the sponge could all be twisted, whereas the rock and the hard plastic could not.

Sofia looks at the materials that she twisted earlier.

She observes that the dough, denim, fabric and paper are still twisted.

Oh yes.

You can see a picture of the dough, the denim fabric and the paper there.

They've all been left as she left them.

These materials have not changed back into their original starting shape on their own.

To do that, you would need to untwist them yourself.

However, she observes that the rubber band and the sponge, well, they're no longer twisted.

There's a rubber band and the sponge, and they're not twisted like the other ones.

So Sofia twists a sponge again and then puts it down.

Here's a picture of the sponge during twisting, and here's a picture of the sponge after twisting.

Hmm.

Sofia says, "I observed that some materials only change shape when I'm testing them.

They go back to their original shape after I've tested them." She's correct, isn't she? We've just seen that some evidence of our own.

The sponge and the rubber band both sprung back into their original form.

Hmm.

So even though it's been twisted, doesn't mean it's going to stay like that forever.

So let's stop and think.

Which object does not change back to its original shape on its own after being twisted? Is it a sponge, an elastic band or paper? The answer here is paper.

Paper was the only object which didn't change back.

Sofia's results show that the dough and the rubber band can be stretched.

Here they are.

There's the results there.

So I wonder if you think that they will both stay stretched or will they return to their original shape when she stops pulling them? And why do you think this is? Pause the video now and have a discussion.

Restart when you've done that.

Hmm.

Let's have a go ourselves then.

Here's the dough during stretching, there's the dough after stretching.

Sofia says, "The dough is still stretched so it's not changed back to its original shape on its own." Here's the rubber band during stretching.

And here's the rubber band after stretching.

Hmm.

Sofia says, "The rubber band has changed back to its original shape after being stretched." How interesting.

So again, there's another example of a shape being moved around, but then transforming itself back to its normal shape.

Stop and think.

Which object does not change back to its original shape on its own after being stretched? Was it the elastic hair bubble, woollen tights, play dough or a rubber balloon? The answer here is play dough.

That was the only object that didn't change back to its original shape.

So which of these materials has changed back to its original shape on its own after being twisted? Was it paper, sponge, or the denim fabric? The answer here is the sponge.

Now, it can be useful for some materials to change shape and then change back to their original shape.

You might need to stretch your socks, for example, to get them onto your feet.

But you don't want them to stay stretched because they'll fall off.

Hmm.

That's a very good point.

I wouldn't want my socks flapping around inside my shoe.

It can also be useful for some materials to change shape and stay that way.

This paper here has been bent and folded to make a bird called a crane.

Oh yes.

You can also use some paper to make your own paper aeroplane, couldn't you? Who do you agree with here then? Aisha says, "All materials change shape if they're squashed, twisted, bent, or stretched." Lucas says, "All materials change shape and stay changed if they're squashed, twisted, bent, or stretched." Jun says, "Some materials change back to their original shape after they are squashed, twisted, bent, or stretched." So who do you agree with? Pause the video and have a discussion.

Restart when you've done that.

Did you agree with Jun? He's right.

Some materials change back to their original shape.

Here is the final task for your lesson.

This is part one.

Bend and twist each material again to find out if it can change back to its original shape on its own.

Then record your results in a table.

All the different materials there and have a go.

Can it be bent? Can it be twisted? Does it change back to its original shape all by itself? Or does it need a bit of help? Have a go doing that task.

Have fun.

See you in a moment.

So here are some of the examples there.

Can they all be changed back to its original shape? You could see the dough was a no, it didn't change back at all.

The rock, well, it couldn't be bent or twisted and neither could the hard plastic.

The denim fabric was a no, as was the paper.

They don't change back on their own.

Whereas the rubber band and the sponge could both change back on their own.

Hopefully now you've seen with your own eyes what happens.

Here's part two of this task.

A glove goes back to its original shape after being stretched.

Why is this useful? Dough stays changed when it is squashed, bent, twisted, or stretched.

Why is this useful? Discuss these two statements.

Why are they useful? Pause the video.

Restart when you've done that.

Excellent work.

Well, Sam says, that it's useful for a rubber glove because as the nurse can put it on, she can put the gloves on quickly in an emergency.

They're not gonna fall off again, are they? Because they go back to their original shape.

Andeep says, that it's useful for the dough to stay as it is because then it can be made into lots of different types of shapes like cakes and pastries.

Oh yes, I'm getting very hungry just in the thought of it.

A pastry.

You would want to stay twisted and stretched, wouldn't you? So let's summarise our lesson.

Some materials can change shape by being squashed, bent, twisted, or stretched.

Scientists can test materials to find out if they change shape.

Some objects are made from materials that cannot change shape just by being squashed, bent, twisted, or stretched.

Some materials do not change back to their original shape on their own after being squashed, bent, twisted, or stretched.

You can see there a picture of somebody squashing a soft plastic bottle.

It's very useful for things to be able to pop back into their original shapes.

Whereas for other things, it's not as useful, is it? Hopefully, by knowing a lot of this information, you'll be able to go on to explore how you can research the materials at different properties and think about how you can then use that in your own life as well.

Maybe you can go on to create some of your own things that will pop back into shape.

Whatever you get up to with your knowledge, all the best to you.

My name is Mr. Wilshire.

Thank you very much for listening.