Hello, scientists.

My name is Mr. Wilshire, and today, we are going to be looking at suitable and unsuitable materials.

So, let's jump straight into our lesson.

Our outcome for this lesson is, I can compare how suitable materials are for different uses based on their properties.

There are lots of keywords that we're going to introduce throughout our lesson.

Now I'm going to say them and I'd like you to repeat them after me.

So here's the first one.

Material.

Well done.

Next, suitable.

Great.

Now, properties.

Brilliant.

Unsuitable.

And the last one, compare.

Great job.

Now, don't worry if you're not too sure what these words mean.

As we go through the lesson, the meaning should become clear as we use them in the different slides.

The first part of our lesson is called suitable and unsuitable materials.

Sophia here is looking around her classroom.

She's looking at lots of different objects.

I wonder if you can do that as well.

Wherever you are right now, have a little look around.

Sophia can see a table, a window, and some toy building bricks.

There's the table, there's the window, and there's the toy building bricks.

I wonder if you've got any of these near where you are right now.

Have a little think here.

What do you observe about these different objects? Which materials do you think that they're made from? Pause the video and have a discussion.

Restart when you are ready.

Great job.

Hopefully you've had a chance to have a good think and a discussion about those different objects.

I wonder if the objects that are near you are similar to these.

The table I can see there is made out of wood, isn't it? It's dark brown, a little bit shiny in places.

I think that might be quite hard.

I can see the window there.

And the window in this picture looks like it has a plastic frame and a metal handle.

And what material is in the middle so you can see through it? Well, that's right glass.

Glass is a material that helps you to see through things.

Then the building bricks over there, they're made out of plastic, aren't they? You could get different types of building bricks to those.

Maybe they're a bit bigger or smaller, or maybe they might be made out of a different material.

Usually, those connecting blocks are all made out of plastic, aren't they? Now, different objects can be made from different materials.

I can see three objects there on the screen.

I can see a pair of scissors, I can see a teddy bear, and I can see a watering can.

Hmm, so what do you observe about all these objects? What do you think that they're made from? Pause the video here and have a quick discussion.

Restart when you are ready.

Hopefully you've had a good chance to discuss those different objects there.

There are some scissors, a teddy bear, and a watering can.

And they're all different objects.

The scissors, they're made out of metal, aren't they? Now I've got a pair of scissors, very similar just here.

Can you see them? I know that they're metal because they're shiny and they're quite hard.

If I tap them, yeah, they're definitely hard, aren't they? Do need to be careful with these scissors because they can be quite sharp.

I've also got the teddy bear, very similar to that one there.

Look, here he is.

I like to cuddle him at night.

Oh, this teddy bear is so soft and look a bit squishy as well.

I think inside there must be lots of bits of fluff, so he's nice and squishy and cuddly.

The outside is very furry and soft, and I bet it gets really warm.

I've also got a watering can.

Very similar to that one as well.

You can see my one is a little bit dirty and grubby because it's been outside.

Now this is made out of the material called plastic.

Let me give it a tap.

(watering can banging) Oh, it's quite hard, but also I know that I can bend it.

I can move the plastic around a little bit and bend the top of it there.

It's difficult to do it, but I can definitely squeeze it and move it around, whereas the metal, I couldn't really squeeze and move around very much.

I wonder if you think the same as me about some of those different items and the materials that they're made out of.

Hopefully, as we go through these slides, you'll have a chance to think about these materials yourself as well.

Now, these objects here are all mugs.

You can use them for hot drinks or cold drinks if you like, but usually I'd like to have a nice cup of tea inside a mug that I drink from.

They're all made out of different materials here.

I wonder if you can name the different materials they're made from just by looking at them.

Pause the video here and restart when you've had a discussion.

Excellent.

You've all had a brilliant discussion about the different mugs and the materials that you think that they're made from.

So I wonder if you can do something for me here.

I'm going to hold one of these mugs up to the microphone and give it a tap.

Just by listening to the noise, I wonder if you can tell the material that it's made from.

Here's the first one.

(mug tapping) What kind of material do you think that was? It's quite hard to think about it, just listening to the different sounds.

Well, this one was the end one there.

That green one.

My one's red.

This is a plastic mug.

(mug tapping) It's made out of plastic.

Let's have a look at another one.

I'm going to tap it onto the microphone and you have a think about what you think it's made out of.

Ready? (mug tapping) What do you think that material was, just by listening? That one was the glass mug.

My one looks a little bit different to the one that's on the slide there, but this (tapping) is made out of glass, isn't it? Excellent.

The final one is the one in the middle.

Have a listen to what it sounds like.

(mug tapping) The mug in the middle is a metal mug.

(mug tapping) Just like this one here.

All three materials are very, very different, and they all have different properties, but they can all be used to make mugs.

The first one there was the glass mug, then the metal mug, and finally, the plastic mug.

Hopefully you've just been introduced to the fact that these different materials, when they're tapped, they definitely sound very different, don't they? I wonder what other properties these types of materials have.

Well, Andeep and Sophia are finding out about materials just like you.

Andeep says, all objects are made from the same material.

Sophia says, that different objects can be made from different materials.

Who do you agree with here? Pause the video and have a discussion.

Restart when you are ready.

Hopefully you've had the chance to discuss and share what your ideas are.

Well, Sophia is correct here.

Different objects can be made from different materials, such as a frisbee, which could be made out of plastic, a little bit like our plastic mug.

And a spoon, which could be made from metal.

Hmm, a little bit like our metal mug here.

And remember, those different materials all sounded different to one another, didn't they? Let's stop and think.

True or false, all objects are made from plastic.

Pause the video and have a discussion.

Restart when you are ready.

The answer is false.

All objects are not made from plastic.

Objects are made from all sorts of different things.

We've seen that already in this lesson, just by looking at the mugs, the teddy bear, the scissors, and even the watering can.

Let's justify our answer.

Why do you think this is false? Is it because all objects are made from wood or is it because some objects are made from plastic? Pause the video and restart when you are ready.

The answer here is B.

Some objects are made from plastic, certainly not all of them.

I wonder if you can name these different objects here and say what material they're from.

Pause the video and have a discussion.

Restart when you are ready.

The first item there is a wooden spoon.

Next up, is a metal spoon.

Finally, there's a plastic spoon.

I've got some examples here on my camera.

There's a wooden spoon, look.

There's the metal spoon.

And there's also the plastic spoon.

These objects are spoons.

They can be made from wood, metal, or plastic.

These are all suitable materials for a spoon, just like the mugs that we just looked at.

The suitable materials for those were glass, plastic, and metal.

Izzy says, I've never seen a spoon made from glass.

Is glass a suitable material for a spoon? Hmm, that's a good point.

One of the mugs was made out of glass, isn't it? But I wonder if you get many glass spoons.

I wonder what you think here.

Pause the video and have a quick discussion.

Restart when you are ready.

So, is glass a suitable material to make a spoon? The material that an object is made from is usually the most suitable for its use.

You can see there a picture of a spoon and Jacob is saying something that is suitable for a particular use is right for it.

Hmm, so I wonder then if paper or fabric would be suitable materials to make a spoon and why? Pause the video and have a quick discussion.

Which of these materials is going to be suitable to make a spoon? Well, hopefully you've had a good chat, but I'm not sure that any of those materials there would be suitable for using a spoon.

A paper when it gets wet is well, rather useless, isn't it? It disintegrates.

And fabric lets the water drip straight through.

If I was stirring my tea or trying to eat my cereal, all the milk or the water inside would just drip straight through the fabric, wouldn't it? Hmm, let's pause and think.

Which of these materials is the most suitable for making a map, do you think? Pause the video and restart when you've had a think.

The one most suitable is paper.

Ah, so we wouldn't use paper to stir our tea or eat our cereal, but it is useful for making a map.

So which of these materials is the most suitable for making a table? Pause the video and have a chat.

Restart when you are ready.

The most suitable here is wood, isn't it? Wood is quite hard and you can lean on it, especially if you are eating.

That's very useful.

Well, the properties of materials make them suitable or unsuitable for particular use.

Properties are the describing words we use for a material.

Here, you can see some wood and Alex says, would the properties of wood make it a suitable material for a sunhat? And why? Well, Jun here says, a sunhat needs to be soft and bendy to fit on your head.

It must be opaque so it can shade you from the sunlight.

Hmm, Aisha says wood is opaque, but it's unsuitable for a sunhat because it's not soft or bendy.

It would not be comfortable to wear.

Oh yeah, that's right.

If you had a bit of wood and put it on your head, it would be very hard, wouldn't it? We need something soft.

So with that knowledge, which material would have suitable properties for a sunhat? It's fabric, isn't it? Fabric has the right properties and it's suitable for a sunhat.

It's opaque, which means you can't see through it.

It's soft and it can be bent.

So, that means we can say it's flexible.

Glass is a suitable material for lots of objects, like windows, bottles, and glasses that you wear on your face.

So what's the most unsuitable object you can think of that would be made from glass? Well, Jun and Sophia here have got some ideas.

Jun says, I think glass would be an unsuitable material for a cricket bat.

It would break when you hit the ball.

Yeah, I think he's right.

Sophia says, I think glass would be an unsuitable material for a secret diary.

It's transparent so everyone would be able to see your secrets.

I think she's right as well.

Hmm, what do you think here? Can you think of anything that's unsuitable to be made out of glass? Pause the video.

Restart when you've had a think.

I wonder what kind of items you said.

Hmm, maybe glass isn't a suitable thing to make a toy car out of either.

'Cause if I zoom it round and make it jump over things, it'll smash very quickly.

True or false here? The material that an object made from is usually the most suitable for its use.

Pause the video and tell me if it's true or false.

The answer here is true.

I wonder if we can justify our answer here.

Why do you think this? Well, it's because different materials have different properties that make them suitable to make different objects.

It's time for your first task.

Your first part here is to look all around your classroom or home and find three objects.

Each have got to be made out of a different material.

So, have a think here.

What is each object made from and what properties make it a suitable material for each object? You can see there's some objects in a classroom in the pictures there, and there's objects in a home as well.

Hmm, pause the video here and go hunting.

Find those three items and bring them back.

Restart when you've done that.

Good luck.

Okay, now, some of the items you might have found around the classroom could look something like this.

There's some toy bears here.

You might use these for counting.

These toy bears are made of plastic.

The plastic is a suitable material for a toy because it's hard and it doesn't break easily if it's dropped.

You remember earlier we looked at a watering can that was made out of plastic, and I said that it was a little bit bendy as well.

Hmm, so it's hard, but it can be bendy, but it doesn't break if dropped.

That's a really good quality for a toy, isn't it? There's a bottle there and that's made out of glass.

Now glass is a suitable material for a bottle because it's transparent.

You can see what you are drinking.

I wouldn't want to play with it though because it might break.

Another item that we found was a fork.

Now these are made out of metal.

Metal is a suitable material for a fork because it's strong and it's not gonna break when you're eating your food.

A little bit like those metal scissors that we saw earlier as well.

They were quite strong, weren't they? I couldn't bend them.

The second part of your task is to think about the properties that paper has.

Now, why is paper an unsuitable material for a table? And the third part here, ask you to think about the properties of cardboard.

Why is cardboard an unsuitable material for a drinks bottle? Hmm, I wonder.

Pause the video and have a think.

Restart when you've done that.

Let's look through some answers.

Your answers could have been similar to this.

Lucas says, paper bends very easily.

A table needs to be made out of stiff materials so that you can put things on it.

Oh yeah, he's right, isn't it? We can't put something on it and then for it to all fall through.

That would be useless.

Now, let's think about cardboard.

Lucas says cardboard doesn't change shape when it's dry, but it does when it's wet, oh yeah, so your drink would end up leaking.

If you left a cardboard box outside in the rain, it would all go mushy and weird and horrible, wouldn't it? So yeah, not a very good thing to use if you're trying to drink out of it.

The next part of our lesson is sorting suitable and unsuitable materials.

Now, Laura here wants to make a cuddly toy rabbit.

She wants to make it safe for her baby brother to cuddle.

She observes and compares some different materials.

Laura says, when we compare, we ask what's the same and what's different.

Hmm, I wonder if you can have a think about that as I show you these materials.

Have a think about what is the same and what's different.

The first one is some fabric.

Next up is metal.

Then, we have glass.

And finally, we've got some wood.

What are the properties of these different materials? Is one harder than the other? Is one softer than the other? Is one good for seeing through and one not good for seeing through? Hmm, let's delve into our lesson a little more and find out some more about properties of materials.

Now, Laura sorts all of her materials based on these properties.

She has decided to sort them into rough and smooth.

Laura says, this wood is rough, which might hurt my brother.

A smooth material would be more suitable.

Okay, so she's got two circles there.

One, she's labelled as rough and the other as smooth.

In the rough section, she's put the wood.

She's put fabric in the smooth.

Oh, and glass and metal, of course, all of those items can be quite smooth if you run your hand along them.

Glass is not suitable as it can break easily if it's dropped.

This property is called brittle.

The toy rabbit needs to be made from a material that is not brittle.

So again, she's got her two circles.

One, she's put brittle and the other, not brittle.

In brittle, she's put glass.

Of course the glass is going to break if you drop it.

And on the other side, she's put fabric.

She's put wood and metal.

Those items won't break as easily if you drop them.

Laura now has a feel of each material so that she can compare them and sort them into correct groups.

She says, I need to find a suitable material that is also soft.

She sorted her two circles again and one says soft and the other says hard.

In the soft section, she's put the fabric.

Oh yeah, of course.

Fabric is really soft, isn't it? And the other items, the wood, the glass, and the metal, they're all hard items. When I first showed you these different materials, I wonder if you thought of some of these ideas as well.

Maybe you thought that some were smooth and some were hard or rough or bendy.

Hmm, your thoughts may have been different to Laura's here.

There's one material that's in all three of these suitable groups.

Can you spot which one it is? So there's one that's smooth, there's one that's not brittle, and there's one that's soft.

Hmm, can you spot it? Pause the video and have a quick discussion.

Restart when you are ready.

Did you spot which item is the most suitable here? Hmm.

Let's stop and think.

What are two groups that materials can be compared on and sorted into? Is it hard and opaque, rough and smooth, or brittle and waterproof? Pause the video here and have a quick discussion.

Okay, rough and smooth are two groups that materials can be compared on and sorted into.

Laura checks her results to find that fabric is the only material that is smooth and not brittle and soft.

I wonder if you thought the same thing too.

She says fabric is the most suitable material to make a cuddly toy rabbit, but there are lots of different types of fabric.

So which one should I use? Hmm, I wonder if you know the names of any types of fabric and which fabric of these is suitable to make a cuddly toy rabbit? Pause the video here and have a quick discussion.

Restart when you are ready.

Andeep says, some fabrics like hessian and tweed are rough, so they're not suitable for a cuddly toy rabbit.

Other fabrics like wool, silk, or fleece are soft.

These are suitable materials for making a cuddly toy rabbit.

I wonder if you thought of any of the same.

Here's a picture of a cuddly toy rabbit made out of wool, and you can see a little baby cuddling up next to it.

True or false here? All materials are suitable for every use.

Pause the video and have a think.

That's false, isn't it? I wonder if we can justify our reasons for why that's false.

Well, it's because materials have different properties and that means that they're suitable for some uses and not suitable for other uses.

So here's the final task for your lesson.

Jun says, a chair needs to be rigid.

This is another word for stiff and not flexible.

So, your job here is to compare and sort materials to tell Jun, which are suitable and unsuitable for making a chair.

You can see there Jun is investigating materials for a chair.

He's got his magnifying glass out and he's taking a closer look.

Come up with a few ideas here and investigate.

Then you can maybe sort them out into materials that are suitable and materials that are unsuitable.

Pause the video.

Best of luck.

Restart when you've done that.

Okay, so maybe you had a go sorting the materials a little bit like we did earlier in the lesson.

The rigid materials here are wood and hard plastic.

The unrigid materials are tissue paper, hessian fabric, and soft plastic.

So using these results, Aisha and Jacob here have got some ideas.

Aisha says, I think that wood or hard plastic are the most suitable materials for making a chair.

They're rigid, which means that they're stiff and do not bend.

Jacob says, I think hessian fabric, tissue paper, and soft plastic are all unsuitable materials for making a chair.

They are not rigid, which means that they are flexible so they would bend when you sit on it.

They are both correct here, aren't they? I wonder if in your investigating you found the same thing.

Which ones were the best and which ones were the worst? Maybe you've got some ideas as to what some of the other materials could be used for.

So let's summarise our learning.

You can see there a picture of objects made from paper.

Different objects can be made from different materials.

The properties of materials make them suitable or unsuitable for particular uses and materials can be compared and sorted into suitable or unsuitable for different uses.

I wonder what it is that you've learned from this lesson.

I wonder if you've learned that cardboard isn't great to make a bottle and glass isn't a great material to use for a cuddly toy.

You could use that knowledge to go on and invent and create some of your own things.

Now that you know those things, you might be able to become a toy inventor of the future that make some amazing things using the correct type of materials.

Whatever you go on to do, the best of luck.

I've been Mr. Wilshire, thank you for listening.