Hello scientists.

My name is Mr Wilshire, and in this lesson we're going to be looking at where materials come from.

Hmm, let's dive in.

Our outcome for this lesson is to explain where different materials come from and how some materials are less harmful to planet Earth.

There are some key words to explain for our lesson here.

I'm gonna say them and I'd like you to repeat them after me.

The first word is Earth.

Very good, the next word, material.

Great, next, damage.

Now let's try, natural.

Well done, don't worry too much if you're not too sure what some of these words mean.

As we go through our slides, the definitions should become clear to you.

If you want to, you can pause the video here and have a read through some of the key words and have a think about what they mean.

Pause the video now, and continue when you're ready.

Let's jump into the first part of our lesson.

Harmful materials.

Now, this is the planet that all humans live on.

Do you know its name? Pause the video here and have a quick chat.

Restart when you've done it.

Hopefully you've had a good chance to discuss what you think this planet is called.

Well, it's the planet that we live on.

All humans live on a planet called Earth.

Great discussing everybody, well done.

So let's pause.

Which planet do humans live on? Is it England, Earth or Mars? Pause the video, have a quick discussion and restart when you're ready.

The correct answer here is Earth.

Planet Earth is the planet that all humans live on.

England is a country, and Mars is a planet in the solar system a little bit further from the sun than Earth.

So, I wonder if you know the names of any of these types of materials.

Pause the video and have a good look at those pictures.

What are the names of the materials? What do they look like? Pauses the video, have a discussion and restart when you're ready.

Excellent, hopefully your discussion there has had you thinking of the different types of materials that are here.

Let's go through them now.

The first one is wood.

Wood is quite a hard material, isn't it? We get it from trees.

Next up, we have some fabric.

Fabric can be very soft and wrinkly, and you can sew it together to make different things.

Paper, you might have been writing on some paper during a lesson previously today, or maybe you had to go at drawing something.

Next up is plastic.

You could be sitting on a plastic chair or maybe your pen is made of plastic.

Last up there is metal.

Maybe you got into a car that was made out of metal today.

These materials are all used to make many everyday items. Can you see anything in the room that you're in that's made of any materials that we've got here? Hmm, I'm gonna have a little look around as well.

While I'm doing that, you can pause the video, have a good look around your room and see if you can find anything made out of wood, fabric, paper, plastic, or metal.

Restart the video when you've done that, good luck.

Hmm.

Hopefully you've had a good chance at looking around your classroom or your home to see if there are any items that are made out of the materials that are here.

Let's delve into the rest of the lesson and have a look and see what other materials we can find.

Where do you think these materials come from? There's metal there, that's very shiny.

Some cotton fabric, that looks very soft.

Plastic is hard, but a little bit flexible, and glass.

It's a little bit fragile, so you need to be careful with glass that you don't drop it.

Have a quick discussion about where you think these materials come from, restart the video when you've done that.

Hmm, hopefully you've had a good discussion about these different materials and where they come from.

Do they all grow out of the ground? No, that doesn't sound right, does it? Do they all need to be made? Maybe, maybe some of them you can pick out of a tree.

I'm not sure, let's have a look through the next few slides and figure out where these materials come from.

Different materials come from different places on Earth.

There's a picture here of a great big machine, and this is mining for iron.

Many metals, like iron, are found in rocks and stones, and these are dug out of the ground in a mine.

Those metals have been under the ground for, could be millions of years, and slowly they work their way to the surface or they get dug out by big machines like this.

Here is a glass furnace.

Now glass is made by heating up a material called silica, and silica is found in sand, and when you mix it with other materials, you can start to make glass, but you need to be able to heat it to a very, very high temperature.

You can't just put it in the fire or the oven, oh, no.

To make glass, you need an incredibly hot temperature that will start to melt things.

Oh, I'm feeling hot already just thinking about it.

Now cotton is a fabric that's used to make lots of different things, including clothes and curtains.

In fact, I've got some fabric behind me that's made out of cotton that's making my backdrop.

Can you see it move? Cotton plants you can see in the picture here, help to make cotton fabric.

Cotton fabric is made from cotton plants.

This is all picked by people or sometimes a great big machine in a field.

Now the cotton will get taken to a factory where a lot of fuel and water is used to make it into a fabric.

You can see there, lots of different colours of things as well on the reels of cotton.

I wonder what they're going to go and make? Maybe they're gonna go and make a jumper.

Ah, some of this fabric is going to make a T-shirt instead.

Oh, cotton can be used to make lots of things, hats and scarves, some nice gloves as well.

Even this shirt that I'm wearing could be made out of cotton.

Cotton is nice and soft, so it's really useful to make into clothes.

True or false? All materials come from the same place.

The answer here is false.

Let's see if we can justify this answer.

Why do we think this? Pause the video and have a good think.

Do you think it's because there are lots of different materials in your classroom, or is it because cotton comes from cotton plants, but iron and glass don't come from plants? The answer here is B.

Cotton comes from cotton plants.

Iron and glass don't come from plants.

They need to be mined and made.

Stop and think again.

Which material is found in rocks and stones? Is it cotton, iron or glass? Pause the video and have a discussion.

Restart when you've done that.

The answer here is iron.

Iron is something that's mined out of rocks and stones.

Can you remember that cotton had to be picked out of the fields and glass needed to be made by heating up some different materials.

These objects are all made from plastic.

There's a yoghourt pot there, hmm, I love yoghourts.

There's a cup, there's a pool toy, and there's some cling film.

Do you know where plastic comes from? Have a quick discussion about where you think it comes from.

Is it picked? Is it dug out the ground? Maybe it just magics out of thin air.

Hmm, you have a think.

Hopefully you've all had a good discussion about where you think plastic comes from.

Now, most plastics are made from oil, natural gas or coal, which is all coming from underground.

These are heated up and can be used to make different types of plastic.

So again, another material that you can make by mining into the Earth.

Some scientists say that making plastic is harmful to planet Earth.

I've got Jun and Andeep here.

Let's see what they have to say.

Jun says, "Making plastic uses oil.

Drilling into Earth for oil can damage our planet." Andeep says, "Heating oil produces gas, and that can go into the air we breathe and can harm our planet." Hmm, I think they're both right, aren't they? Drilling into the Earth doesn't sound like a very good thing to do, and if you heat oil, that means everything else around you is gonna heat up.

What do you think? Do you think that this is a bad thing? Have a quick discussion with someone next to you.

Restart when you've done that.

Hopefully you've had a good discussion about the planet Earth and how we can protect it.

I wonder if you thought whether any of those suggestions there were the wrong thing to be doing.

Plastic can be harmful to our planet if it's not recycled.

I wonder if you know why this is.

Jun and Andeep were just talking about how making it can damage the environment, but also if it's left around it can damage the environment more.

Lots of plastic objects like straws and cups are thrown away as rubbish and can end up in a landfill.

A landfill, like in the picture there, is a great big hole that's dug in the ground and all of the rubbish gets thrown into it.

It then gets covered up again, but the thing is with plastic, it can take up to a thousand years or so for it to decompose and rot away.

That's longer than anyone can live.

Hmm, if they stay there for a thousand years, it could cause more damage to the Earth.

So, plastic can be harmful if it's not recycled.

Recycled means to use it again, doesn't it? Polyester is a type of fabric that's made from plastic.

It can be really cheap to make and it can be warm and comfortable, but it's not very easy to recycle.

When it's not used again it's often sent into a landfill, like in the last picture, the big hole that was in the ground.

It can stay there as rubbish for hundreds of years, which is not very helpful to planet Earth.

Again, that's longer than anyone can live.

Let's stop and think, which material is made from a type of plastic.

Is it cotton, polyester, or glass? The type of material made from a type of plastic, is polyester.

True or false? Some metals can cause harm to our planet.

The answer here is true.

Let's see if we can justify our answer.

Why do we think this? Is it because there are lots of different kinds of plastic, or is it because some materials are hard to recycle and spend hundreds of years in landfill? The answer here is B, some materials are hard to recycle and they can spend a very long time in the landfill.

So it's time for the first task in our lesson.

You need to match the material to where it comes from.

There's a list of materials there, metal, cotton, glass, and plastic.

Where does it come from? Is it made from silica, from rock, oil or cotton plants? Have a little read of those things there.

Pause the video, and have a go at that task.

Best of luck, see you in a moment.

Now, some of your answers could look a little something like this.

Metal comes out of rock dug in the ground.

Cotton is picked from cotton plants.

Glass comes from silica, which you can find in sand, and plastic is made from oil, natural gas or coal.

Hopefully you've had a chance to check some of your answers.

If you've got them a bit wrong, you can take some time to correct it now, and restart the video when you're ready to move on.

The next part of our lesson is called Earth-friendly materials.

Now, some materials can be found naturally or are grown in nature.

These materials can often cause less damage to our Earth.

Here is a picture of a toy car and a notebook.

Which materials are these objects made from, and where can we find these materials? Pause the video and have a discussion.

Restart when you've done that.

Hopefully you've had a good chance to think about what these two items are made from, and where we can find them.

Well, wood and paper come from trees, which can be grown.

The car was made out of wood and the paper was also made out of wood.

Wood is a natural material.

The only problem here though is that you have to cut down some trees in order to get it.

It's important then that you plant new trees each time a tree is cut down so that animals can have their homes again and shelter, and so we could use the trees all over again, so it's a naturally repeating item.

It can grow again as long as we look after it.

These objects are all made from bamboo.

Now, bamboo is also a natural material and it grows out of the ground.

There are some pots there made out of bamboo and a sofa made out of bamboo as well.

Bamboo can be very strong.

It's a type of grass and it grows very quickly.

You can see lots of bamboo plants there in that picture.

New bamboo should be planted to replace those that have been removed though, just like the trees that we saw.

These objects are all made from a plant called hemp.

Now, hemp is a natural material and it can be used to make objects like rope, clothes, paper, and even milk.

Hmm, milk from a natural material like that? Here you can see a picture of some rope, and it's all been twisted round, hasn't it? There's some milk in a jug and some paper, all made from hemp.

Hemp is a plant that grows quickly and its roots help to keep the soil healthy as well, so, it's helping soil and helping other plants grow too.

Let's stop and think.

Which of these materials is likely to cause little or no harm to planet Earth? Is it metal, glass, or bamboo? The material here is bamboo.

Glass and metal are both things that need to be forged and made out of things mined from the ground.

Bamboo can be replanted.

Which of these objects can be made from hemp? Milk, clothes or paper? Pause the video, have a chat, and restart when you've done that.

The answer here, oh, it's all of them.

Milk, clothes, and paper can all be made out of hemp.

That was a bit of a tricky one, wasn't it? Did you get them all right? Now some scientists develop and create new materials.

I can see a scientist looking through a microscope there, and a scientist investigating some natural materials there.

He's got his goggles on to keep his eyes safe and some gloves as well to keep his hands safe.

They want to find new materials that cause little or no damage to the planet Earth.

They research natural or recycled materials to find new ways to make different materials.

Did you know that leather can be made out of pineapples? Wow, I never knew that.

Pineapples can make leather? That means you can have a leather bag made out of pineapples, hmm.

Scientists have created a fabric that's made from natural pineapple leaves.

Usually, the leaves are something that we throw away, aren't they? It takes 480 leaves to make one square metre of fabric though.

You're gonna need a lot of pineapples to do that, aren't you? But the pineapples will grow again.

Scientists have also developed a new fabric that's made out of waste fabrics.

This means that they can be recycled, and it stops all going into the landfill.

Here you can see a big pile of waste fabric and another picture there with some recycled fabric.

It's really good to recycle, isn't it? Because then you can make sure that things get used all over again, and they're not just being thrown away.

Stop and think.

Why do scientists create new materials? Are they trying to harm the planet, protect the planet, or to recycle more? The answer here is to protect the planet and recycle more.

They definitely don't want to harm the planet.

So, here's the last task in our lesson.

Who do you agree with? Laura says, "Making objects from wood does not harm planet Earth because wood comes from trees, and trees grow in nature." Sam says, "Chopping down trees harms planet Earth because animals might lose their homes." There you can see a table made out of wood as well.

Who do you agree with then? Have a discussion, and restart the video when you've done that.

Sam is correct here, because when trees are chopped down, it's important that new trees are planted to replace them.

This is called being sustainable, and it helps to protect planet Earth from damage.

Even though those trees will grow again, chopping them down in the first place is going to damage the habitat that they're in.

So, we do need to be very careful and think hard about where we're going to chop trees down if we desperately need them for different materials.

Here's the second part of your task.

Use the fact files on the worksheet to help you here.

You need to compare where different materials come from.

You then need to explain to a partner how some materials can be less harmful to planet Earth than others.

You can see a fact file there, an example.

It says, plastic and most plastics are made from oil, natural gas, or coal.

So it's your task here to use the different fact files on the worksheet, and think about your answers.

When you've had your discussions, restart the video.

Now, some of your answers may have looked a little something like this.

Laura says, "I didn't know that metal was dug out of the ground.

That might cause damage to where animals live.

Chopping down trees for wood is only sustainable and Earth-friendly if new trees are planted too." Sam says, "I knew that wool is a natural material because it grows on sheep, but I didn't know that sheep can produce a gas that is harmful to Earth." So even though that some of these materials might come from natural places, it doesn't mean that our planet is still going to be safe.

We need to think really hard before we go digging or mining for any materials, or chopping down trees.

We don't want to damage the Earth until it can't be damaged anymore.

Let's summarise our lesson.

Different materials come from different places.

Some materials may cause harm to planet Earth when they're made or if they're not recycled.

Some materials can be found naturally, or they're grown, and these can cause less harm to planet Earth.

Scientists design and invent new materials that cause little or no harm to the Earth.

Hopefully you've had a good chance to think about the types of materials that you use, and think about another way that you could recycle things to make sure that they can be used all over again.

If you start looking after our planet, you'll create a much nicer place to live in the future.

We don't want to go around chopping down trees all the time because that disturbs the animals, and also affects the air that we breathe.

So maybe you can have a think about how you can be a bit more sustainable in your home or your school.

Whatever you do in the future, the best of luck to being the next Earth hero.

I've been Mr Wilshire, thank you very much for listening.