Hi everyone.

It's Ms. Pantel here.

I hope that you are well and that you have had a great day so far.

I'm really excited and glad that you've decided to join me on today's science lesson.

Now our lesson is going to be all about animal skeletons and this is part of our unit of learning on the introduction to the human skeleton and muscles.

Now, some of you may already know things about animal skeletons and some of you may not be so sure, but please don't worry because we're going to do all the learning together.

Let's get started with today's lesson.

So the outcome for today's lesson is "I can compare and group vertebrate from animals based on their skeleton." So we're going to go through some key words now that we'll be looking at in today's lesson, and we're going to practise saying these words.

So I will say as my turn and that I will let you have your turn saying the words.

My turn, skeleton, your turn, fantastic job.

Well done.

My turn, compare, your turn.

Super job, well done.

My turn, endoskeleton, your turn.

Superstar, well done.

My turn, vertebrate, your turn.

Fantastic work, well done.

My turn, spine, your turn.

Amazing job everyone.

Well done, you've worked incredibly hard to practise saying these key words.

Now some of these key keywords you may have seen before and some of them you may not be so sure, but please don't worry because we are going to talk through all of these keywords and what they mean throughout today's lesson.

So we've got lots of fantastic learning to get done today.

So let's start the lesson.

So the lesson today is split up into two sections.

So the first part of the lesson we're going to be comparing skeletons and the second parts of the lesson we're going to be looking at vertebrate animals.

So let's get started with the first part of today's lesson.

So humans are animals that have a skeleton for support and protection and we've got a picture here of a human skeleton.

We have different shaped bones that grow as we grow into adulthood.

So different bones in our body grow as we grow into an adult.

Alex here says, my dog is an animal.

So does my dog have a skeleton like mine? Do other animals have skeletons like humans? I would like you to talk with your talk partner about this question.

So what do you think? Do you think other animals have skeletons like humans? Have a little think and then click play when you're ready to continue the lesson.

Super job everyone, well done.

So some other animals have skeletons like humans.

So we've got an image there of an X-ray of a dog skeleton.

Alex here says I can compare my dog's skeleton to mine.

Some of its bones are the same shape as mine.

Can you see the dog's skull? So have a look at that X-ray image.

Can you put your finger on where the dog's skull is? Amazing.

It's right there.

Can you see the dog's spine? I want you to point at it for me.

Amazing, well done.

That's where the spine is.

And can you see the dog's rib cage point at the screen where you can see it? Amazing work well done.

That's where the dog's rib cage is.

Animal skeletons have different numbers of bones and Alex here says, I wonder if my dog has more or less bones than a human.

We can compare the number of bones in different skeletons.

An adult human skeleton has 206 bones, but a dog skeleton has 321 bones.

So think about that relationship.

An adult human could obviously be a lot larger than a dog.

A human skeleton only has 206 bones, but actually a dog skeleton has 321 bones.

So we're going to do a quick check of our understanding now just to ensure that everyone's happy with the learning we've done so far.

So our question is what do you know about animal skeletons? So we've got two statements here and I want you to have a think about.

I am sure that this statement is right.

I think this statement is right, but I'm not 100% sure or I think this is wrong or I am sure this is wrong.

So let's have a look at the first statement.

A says, some human bones are the same shape as other animal bones.

So have a think.

Do you think I'm sure this is right? I think this is right.

I think this is wrong, or I'm sure this is wrong.

Have a little think.

Well done everyone.

This is correct, now let's have a look at statement B.

All animal skeletons have the same number of bones.

So have a think back to what we just discussed about the adult human skeleton and also the dog skeleton.

So do you think, I'm sure this statement is right.

I think it is right, I think it is wrong or I am sure it is wrong.

Have a little think and then we'll go through the answer shortly.

Fantastic work everyone, this is actually incorrect.

So let's have a go at another question now.

Animals have bones of different shapes and sizes.

Which of these animals would have the longest spine? Is it A, a rabbit, B, a giraffe, or C, a cow? So have a look and think about the shapes of the bodies of these animals.

Have a think about the answer to this question and we'll go through the answer very shortly.

Amazing work everyone well done, the answer is B, giraffe.

So let's move on.

Mammals, reptiles, amphibians and fish have bones that are solid to support the weight of the animal and protect its organs.

One group of animals have bones that are hollow as their bones need to be lighter.

Which group of animals do you think have hollow bones? Have a talk with your talk partner about what you think the answer to this question is.

Amazing work, well done.

So bird bones are all hollow, which makes their skeleton lighter so that they can fly.

So let's have a quick recap of what we've just looked at so far.

So let's look at the question.

Which of these statements explains why bird bones are different to other animals' bones? Is it A, bird bones are hollow, which makes them stronger so they can fly? Is it B bird bones are hollow, which makes them heavier so they can fly? Or is it C, bird bones are hollow, which makes them lighter so they can fly? Have a think back to all the learning we've just done and think about the answer to this question and then we will go through the answer shortly.

Super work, everyone well done, the answer is C.

So bird bones are hollow, which makes them lighter so that they can fly.

So skeletons that are inside a animal's body are called endoskeletons.

Now the word endo here means within.

When we use the word endoskeleton to describe an animal skeleton, it means that their skeleton is within their body, so that means inside.

So let's have a quick check of the learning we've just done.

True or false, an animal with an endoskeleton has a skeleton inside its body.

Do we think that's true, true or false? Have a think.

super work everyone well done.

The answer is true.

Now I want you to have a think about why it is true.

Is it because A, endo means within, therefore endoskeleton means the skeleton is within the body of an animal or is it B, endo means outside, therefore endoskeleton means the skeleton is outside the body of an animal.

So have a think about which you think is the correct answer.

You're a superstar, well done.

The answer is A.

So we said here that endo means within, that means inside.

Therefore endoskeleton means the skeleton is within the body of an animal.

Super job everyone, well done.

You're doing such a great job so far in today's lesson.

So we're now going to move onto the first task.

So we're going to be comparing these two animal endoskeletons.

So we've got a fish skeleton here and we've also got a turtle skeleton.

So what I would like you to do is describe three differences between the skeletons.

So when you are having a think about differences, have a look at the different skeletons, what do you notice? Jot down your ideas on a piece of paper and then we will go through some suggestions and answers shortly.

Have a go.

Amazing work everyone, well done.

I can see you've tried really hard to compare these two animal skeletons, so let's go through some of the answers.

So we can see here the fish has a lot more ribs than the turtle.

You can see on the fish skeleton there, there's lots more ribs than on the turtle.

We can also see here that the turtle has lots of bones in its arms and legs.

The fish has just one bone for each fin.

And we can also see here that the fish has a large skull bone and the turtle has a small skull bone.

So we can see here that both of these animals have endoskeletons, so their skeletons are within the animal and there are things that are very different between these two animals.

Did you notice any other differences? Maybe you noticed the ones we've just gone through or maybe you've noticed a few different ones.

So we're now going to move onto the next task.

So Alex wants to be a zookeeper.

He wonders if all animals with endoskeletons have the same size and shape of bones.

So we've got a hippopotamus skeleton here and we've got a frog skeleton.

So what I would like you to do is compare and describe the two animal skeletons.

Do they have the same size and shape of bones? Pause the video here and have a go at comparing and describing the two animal skeletons.

Click play on the video when you're ready to continue.

Super work everyone well done.

So we're looking here at the question, do they have the same size and shape of bone? So we can see here a hippopotamus is a very large animal, so it's bones are much thicker than a frog's bones to support its weight.

So as we you know that hippopotamus is a lot bigger than a frog.

The spine of the hippopotamus is also much longer and thicker than the frog's spine.

And the frog's skull is much smaller and flutter than the skull of the hippopotamus and the frog has a short tailbone compared to the hippopotamus.

Super work everyone well done.

So you may have got some of these sentences as well, but you may have got a few different ones as well.

So a super job everyone so far, you've done such great work in the first part of the lesson, we're now going to move on to the second part of the lesson for today.

And we're going to be thinking about vertebrate animals.

So animals that have an endoskeleton all have one thing in common.

Do you know what that is? They all have a spine.

A spine is a column of bones in the animal's back that support its body and protects the spinal cord.

So we've got an elephant here, which is my favourite animal, and we can see that that box there shows us where the spine of the elephant is and we've got a human here and I want everyone to have a go at that.

So if you put your head down like this, okay? And if you feel at the back, you should be able to feel some of your bones in your spine.

Animals with a spine are called vertebrates.

All vertebrate animals have an endoskeleton.

Which of these animals are vertebrates? So we've got a horse, a shark, a hawk and a crocodile.

So pause the video here, have a talk with your talk partner about which of these animals do you think are vertebrates.

The actual answer is all of these animals are vertebrates.

So let's have a quick check for understanding based on the learning we've done so far.

Animals with endoskeletons all have a, which is a column of bones that protects the spinal cord.

An animal with a spine is called a.

So have a think back to the learning we've just done and think about what words could fill those gaps.

Have a think and we'll go through the answer in a few moments.

Super work everyone, well done, that first missing word is spine and the second missing word is vertebrate.

So let's read those two sentences now that we have the missing words.

Animals with endoskeletons all have a spine, which is a column of bones that protects the spinal cord.

An animal with a spine is called a vertebrate.

Now let's have a look at our next question.

Which of these animals are vertebrates? We've got A, a mouse, B, a jellyfish, or C, a thrush, which is a type of bird.

So have a think and we'll go through the answer soon.

Fantastic work everyone, well done.

The answer is A, a mouse and C, a thrush.

So in these three animals here, the mouse and the thrush are both vertebrates.

So Aisha here is saying, "I wonder how many animals are vertebrates." And Aisha's had a really interesting thought here.

So what do you think? How many animals do you think are vertebrates? Have a talk with your talk partner.

So only about 10% of all the animals in the whole world are vertebrates.

It's interesting fact for you there.

These are different types of mammals, birds, fish, reptiles and amphibians.

So lots of different types of animals.

Can you think of a vertebrate animal for each group? So pause the video here and I would like you with your talk partner to think of a vertebrate animal for each group.

So one for a mammal, one for a bird, one for a fish, one for a reptile and one for an amphibian.

Great work everyone, well done.

So we're going to look at these images now and we're going to think about where the spine is on each one.

So you might need to get closer to the screen for this one.

So the first one is the lynx.

Have a think about where the spine is and I want you to point at it.

Super job everyone, well done.

You can see that box there highlights where the spine is.

Now the next animal here is the sucker fish.

So I want you to point at where you think the spine is.

Super job, well done.

The spine there is at the top of the fish.

So the next animal here is a fire salamander.

Where do you think the spine is? Can you point at it for me? Super job, well done.

It's right on the top there.

Let's look at the next animal, the thrush.

Can you point for me where the spine is? Amazing job, children, well done.

And the last one, the lizard.

Can you point at the screen there where you think the spine of the lizard is? Super job everyone, well done.

You've worked really hard to find out where the spine is on each of these different animals.

So Sofia here says, I have a pet snake called Slinky.

I know he's a reptile but his body is very bendy and wiggly.

I don't think he has a spine.

Jun here says, snakes are reptiles, all reptiles have an endoskeleton.

So your snake must have a spine.

Who do you agree with and why? So actually Jun is correct.

Snakes have an internal skeleton including a spine and they are vertebrates.

So a snake is a vertebrate with a long spine through the length of its body.

It is like the human spine, made up of lots of smaller bones called vertebrae.

An eel's spine is the same.

So what I want you to do now is find a space and curl up into a ball and notice how your spine has been able to bend even though it is long and hard.

So we are able to bend over, bend down, bend to the side.

Okay, and that tells us actually our spine can bend.

And it's not that we have to say sitting upright or standing upright all of the time.

So we've got a coiled snake here.

Vertebrae are small bones of the spine that fit together, allowing the spine to bend.

So we can see there the snake skeleton, all of those tiny bones allows the snake to bend.

So let's have a quick check of the learning we've done so far in this section.

True or false, reptiles, mammals, fish, amphibians and birds are all have a spine.

Do we think that is true or false? Have a think.

Amazing work everyone, well done.

The answer is true.

I want you to have a think about why that is true.

Is it because A, all these groups of animals have an endoskeleton and are vertebrates, which means they have a spine or is it B, reptiles, mammals, fish, amphibians, and birds are animals and all animals have a spine.

So have a think back to the learning we've just done and think about which answer you think is correct.

Amazing work everyone well done, the answer is A.

So all these groups of animals have an endoskeleton and are vertebrates, which means they have a spine.

And remember endoskeleton means a skeleton is within the animal.

So let's move on to the next task now.

So Jacob wants to know more about these animals.

Can you name them, so pause the video here and I want you to have a think with your talk partner.

Can you name these five animals? Super job, everyone.

We are going to name them now together.

So we've got an ostrich, we've got a snail, we've got a toad, we've got a butterfly fish and we've got a chameleon.

And you may have seen some of these animals before.

Think about and then research which animals are vertebrates.

You can use a book or you can use the internet to help you.

So I want you to have a think about these five animals and research which animals are vertebrates.

Off you go, I would then like you to write a sentence for each animal to explain if it is a vertebrate or not, and explain how you know.

Pause the video here and have a go at this task.

Amazing work, everyone, well done.

You've worked really hard to research all of these animals.

So the ostrich is a bird, the toad is an amphibian, the butterfly fish is a fish, and the chameleon is a reptile.

So all of these animals are vertebrates, which means they have a spine, whereas the snail belongs to a different animal group.

It does not have a spine so it is not a vertebrate animal.

So we've come towards the end of today's lesson now.

So we are going to do a summary of all of our learning.

So we've been comparing various animals and it shows their skeletons are all not the same.

They have different sizes, shapes, and number of bones.

Animals with an endoskeleton have a skeleton inside their body and many animals are classified as vertebrates because they have bones, including a spine inside, their bodies.

So we've done lots of comparing and describing in today's lesson, and you've all done such an amazing job at looking at skeletons really carefully and noticing things that are similar, but also things that are different.

So well done for all of your hard work today, you've worked incredibly hard.

I hope you have a great rest of the day and I'm sure I will see you very soon in the next lesson.

Bye-bye.