Hello and welcome to today's lesson.

My name is Mrs. Mehrin and I'm so excited to be learning with you all today.

Today we are going to be learning all about muscle strength and we are going to be doing an investigation and reviewing it.

Welcome to today's lesson from the unit Introduction to the Human Skeleton and Muscles.

Your learning outcome for today is: I can carry out and review an investigation into muscle strength.

Now, I know that learning can sometimes be a bit challenging, but that's okay because we're going to learn together and we're going to learn lots of fabulous new things.

Today's lesson is going to be building on some of the knowledge from previous lessons, such as what muscles are and how we can use them.

Here are your keywords for today.

Now, you don't need to pause the video and jot them down because I will be going over these keywords throughout the lesson.

However, if you would feel more comfortable writing them down, that's absolutely fine.

You can pause the video here and do that now.

Fantastic, well done.

And here are the definitions for the keywords.

Again, I will be going over these definitions throughout the lesson, but if you'd like, you can pause the video here and write them down, or you can come back to it as well later on in the lesson.

So our lesson today is split into two parts.

Let's begin with the first one, which is carrying out a muscle strength investigation.

Sports scientists may ask questions about muscle strength, then make a plan so that they can carry out an investigation to find answers.

Here is a scientist making a plan, and the scientist says, "I wonder, do the biggest arm muscles lift the heaviest mass?" What do you think? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer, but if you need longer, you can pause the video here.

Off you go.

Fantastic.

Really good thinking.

Well done.

So scientists carry out the investigations that they have planned to find out answers to their questions.

To carry out an investigation to answer a question about muscle strength, scientists will need to follow their plan, use equipment safely, and record data.

So they have a question.

They write down the equipment, the method, the safety, and the results.

So a quick check-in of your learning.

True or false? Scientists make a plan before they carry out an investigation.

Is that true or is that false? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic.

The answer is true.

Now let's see if you can justify your answer.

Is it A, because a plan is important as it shows what the scientists will do, the equipment needed, and what data to collect.

Or B, a scientist is clever, they don't need a plan, they just know what to do when carrying out an investigation.

Which of those things do you think will justify your answer to the first part of our question? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Or if you'd like, you can pause the video here.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

It's A, a plan is important as it shows what the scientists will do, the equipment needed, and what data to collect.

So you are helping Lucas to investigate his question, do people with stronger arm muscles throw further? So Lucas has planned to find out and record who can hold a three-kilogram mass for the longest time.

Then he will measure and record how far each person can safely throw a small beanbag.

How have you planned to answer Lucas' question? I'll give you some time to think about it.

If you'd like, you can pause the video here.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So scientists always think about safety when carrying out an investigation.

What might Lucas need to be careful about when using equipment to carry out his muscle strength investigation? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer, but if you need longer, you can pause the video here.

Off you go.

Well done.

So Lucas says, "Be careful to hold the masses above a cushion or a table and keep your feet out of the way." Find a large empty space to throw the beanbag towards.

So let's do a quick check of your learning.

Which measuring equipment might Lucas plan to use to answer his question about muscle strength? Is it A, a measuring jug; B, stopwatch; or C, tape measure? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

If you need longer, you can pause the video here.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

The answer is B, a stopwatch and C, a tape measure.

Let's have a look at another question.

It says, which safety rules should Lucas include in the plan for his investigation? Is it A, wearing safety goggles to avoid the beanbag going into his eyes? B, hold the kilogramme mass above a table or cushion to protect your feet.

Or C, find an empty space to throw the beanbag.

So remember, there may be more than one answer for this question.

I'll give you some time to think about it now.

I'll give you five seconds, but if you're going to need longer, you can just pause the video here.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

Let's see what the answers are.

It's B and C, to hold the kilogramme mass above a table or cushion to protect your feet so that if you drop them, you're not hurting your feet, and find an empty space to throw the beanbag so you're not throwing it at anything or at anyone.

Now, scientists, they collect measurements during their investigations and often record this data in a table.

Can you think of what headings and units of measurement Lucas could use here? I'll give you some time to think about it.

You may like to pause the video and then come back once you've got an answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So you may have thought he needs to put the name, the muscle strength and the distance along the top, and also include the unit of measure as well.

So here we've got seconds and how long that person can hold the three-kilogram mass to measure muscle strength and also the distance.

So he's using centimetres to measure the distance the beanbag is thrown.

Fantastic learning so far.

Well done.

So Lucas plans to record the results of his muscle strength investigation in this table.

Can you spot his mistakes? So he's put age, muscle strength in centimetres, and distance in grammes.

Have a little think.

I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer, but if you think you might need longer, just pause the video here.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So he needs to add his friends' names, not their ages, because they could all be the same age and he will have no way of being able to go back to his results and checking whether or not he was correct and being able to read his results as well.

Lucas will need to measure the muscle strength in time.

So that would be seconds there, because he's measuring how long they can hold that three-kilogram mass above their head.

And the distance should be measured in length, and that should be centimetres.

Grammes is a measurement of mass, isn't it? So here is your task.

It says to carry out your investigation to answer the question, do people with stronger arm muscles throw further? So Lucas says to read and follow your plan.

Safely use equipment to gather your measurements and making sure that you're listening to Lucas' instructions on how to be safe.

And then record the data that you collect in your table.

Now, I'd like you to pause the video here, because this is going to take you some time to do, and then come back once you've completed the investigation.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So if you help Lucas carry out his investigation, your table may look similar to this here, and your investigation will have used different people based on who you asked to help you with your investigation.

Now, Lucas chose these people and these are the results that he had.

Now let's move on to the second part of our learning, which is reviewing a muscle strength investigation.

Now, when scientists review an investigation, they look for patterns in the data that they've recorded and they use this information to try answer their question.

So sometimes the data shows a clear pattern and sometimes the data can be really unexpected.

So Lucas says, "I wonder if there is a pattern in my data." So Lucas wants to review his muscle strength investigation and look for patterns in data.

So we're going to look at the column in the table that shows muscle strength.

Who held the kilogramme mass for the longest time? So I'll give you five seconds to have a quick look through.

See if you can spot who held that kilogramme mass for the longest time.

Remember, this is measured in seconds.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So we can see that the longest time recorded was 270 seconds, which means that Lucas has the most muscle strength.

Now we're going to look at the column that shows the distance the beanbag was thrown.

So we can see that here highlighted.

Who threw the beanbag the furthest? So I'll give you five seconds to quickly have a look and see if you can find out who threw that beanbag the furthest.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So we can see that it was Sofia who threw the beanbag the furthest, and her distance was recorded at 320 centimetres.

So can you see any patterns in this data? I'd like you to pause the video here and have a really good look at this table.

Are there any patterns that you can spot? Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So to help us to look for patterns, Lucas rewrites his results in order from greatest to least muscle strength.

So Lucas says, "There is a pattern that shows people with stronger arm muscles throw further because the distance results decrease as muscle strength decreases." Is Lucas correct? Have a good look at his results table.

Is what Lucas said correct, or can you spot something unusual in this data? I'll give you five seconds to have a think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So Lucas isn't correct because Lucas says the distance results decrease as muscle strength decreases.

Now, if Lucas has correctly identified a pattern in the data, the recorded distances would also decrease as the muscle strength decreases.

But they don't, because we start with 280 and then this jumps down to 190, so it decreases to 190, then it increases to 320.

So if Lucas was correct, you would've seen that the distance in centimetres that the beanbag was thrown would have been decreasing each time and it wouldn't have gone back up and increased again.

So let's do a quick check of your learning.

True or false? Scientists look for patterns in the data that they collect.

Is that true or is that false? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic.

Let's see if you are correct.

The answer is true.

Let's see if you can justify your answer here.

So the statement said, scientists look for patterns in the data that they collect, which is true.

Is it because A, they look for patterns to show that they've carried out an investigation, or B, they look for patterns to help them find out the answer to their question? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer, but if you need longer, you can pause the video here.

Off you go.

The answer is B.

They look for patterns to help them find out the answer to their question.

So sometimes the results of an investigation are not what was expected, and scientists need to explain what they found out in a conclusion.

So a conclusion tells us what the results show or mean.

Lucas says, "My conclusion is that people with stronger arm muscles do not throw further, but I'm not sure why.

Can you help?" So true or false? Sometimes the results of an investigation are not what was expected.

Is that true or is that false? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer, but if you need longer, you can pause the video here.

Off you go.

Fantastic.

The answer is true.

Now, is that because A, when you do an investigation correctly, the data always gives you the answer you expected, or is it B, there are lots of different things that can affect the results of an investigation which you may not have thought of? Again, I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer, but if you need longer, you can pause the video here.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

The answer is B.

There are lots of different things that can affect the results of an investigation which you may not have thought of.

So here is task B.

It says, look at the data you recorded from your investigation into muscle strength.

Can you see a pattern? So was there a pattern between muscle strength, so how long they were able to hold that three-kilogram mass for, and how far they were able to throw a beanbag.

Were your results what you expected them to be? I want you to write a conclusion to answer your question and try to explain why your results did or did not show a pattern.

Now think really carefully about Lucas' conclusion.

Think about his data.

What patterns did he notice? Did it follow a pattern or was there no pattern? So think really carefully about those things before you start writing your conclusion.

I'll give you some time now.

I want you to pause the video here because this is going to take you some time, and I'd like you to come back and carry on with the lesson once you're done.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So this may be what you wrote.

I did not see a pattern between muscle strength and throwing distance.

I wonder if the length of the arm affects the distance thrown.

Sofia has very long arms, and she threw the furthest.

I did not see a pattern between muscle strength and throwing distance.

I wonder if some people have had more practise at throwing.

Sofia is good at netball and scores lots of goals.

I did see a pattern, as the person with the strongest muscle strength threw the beanbag the longest distance.

The stronger the muscle, the more power you have and the further distance you can throw a beanbag.

So those are all examples of what you may have put into your conclusion.

So you may have seen a pattern, you may not have seen a pattern.

Now if you didn't see a pattern, why do you think that is? So all of that has been included.

So let's go through our summary.

Scientists carry out the investigations they have planned to find answers to their questions.

Scientists look for patterns in the data they've collected and make conclusions.

And scientists review their investigations.

Sometimes the data they collect are unexpected.

Fantastic learning today.

I know there's been lots of new information and lots of things for you to learn, but you have done brilliantly, well done.