Hello, my name is Mrs. Mehrin and I am so excited to be learning all about muscles for movement with you today.

We've got a lot of learning to do and we are going to do brilliantly.

Welcome to today's lesson from the unit, Introduction to the Human Skeleton and Muscles.

Your lesson outcome today is I can explain why humans have muscles.

And by the end of today's lesson you will have learned all about how muscles help with our movement and why humans have them.

Now I know learning can be a little bit challenging sometimes, but that's okay because we're here to learn together.

And although you may find it challenging, it means that we are going to do lots of new learning and we are going to do brilliantly.

Now, I'm going to go through the keywords on the screen.

If you'd like, you can pause the video once I've gone through the keywords and you can jot them down.

But don't worry because I am going to be referring to these throughout the video.

So those are our keywords for today.

If you'd like, you can pause the video here and jot them down, however that is not necessary.

And if you'd like, you can continue the video.

Now I have some of the meanings to go with our keywords today.

Again, you can pause the video here if you'd like, and you can read through the meanings or you can jot them down.

However, I will be referring to these throughout today's lesson.

Fantastic.

Let's move on to our lesson.

Now, our lesson is broken into two parts.

Let's begin with the first one, what are muscles? So inside our bodies is a frame of bones called a skeleton.

So here we have a picture of a human skeleton.

When we move, do our bones move by themselves or does something help our bones to move? I want you to discuss this question with someone sitting next to you.

I'll give you five seconds.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So humans and most other animals have muscles throughout their bodies, which help them with movement and balance.

Our skeletons cannot move without muscles, which are attached to our bones.

Can you think of something you use your muscles to do? I'll give you some time to think about your answer.

If you'd like, you can pause the video here.

Off you go.

Fantastic thinking, well done.

So we use our muscles when we chew food or lift things.

Now you would be unable to move at all without muscles.

We need our muscles for movement and balance.

So here we have some pictures.

We have a picture of a horse running.

And the horse needs its muscles in its legs to help it to run.

We have a pigeon flying, a tiger grooming and a koi swimming.

Now many animals are not able to walk or even balance to stand up without muscles.

Now here we have a picture of a human standing and humans need muscles to balance to stand up.

And without our muscles we wouldn't be able to do that.

Let's do a quick check-in of your learning.

True or false? Our skeleton moves by itself.

I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer, but if you think you need longer, you can pause the video here.

Off you go.

Fantastic.

Well done.

The answer is false.

Our skeleton does not move by itself.

Let's see if you can justify your answer.

Is it false because A, our bones are able to move our skeleton? Or is it B, our muscles are needed to move our skeleton? Again, I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer, but if you think you need longer, you can pause the video here.

Off you go.

Brilliant learning.

Well done.

The answer is, B, our muscles are needed to move our skeleton.

Now different muscles move different parts of the body, and here we have human skeleton and muscles.

Muscles are different lengths and shapes.

Can you see which muscles join onto different parts of the skeleton? You may like to pause the video here so you can really have a good go at observing this picture and seeing whether or not you can spot, which muscles join onto different parts of our skeleton.

Off you go.

Fantastic.

Really good observations.

Well done.

So you may have noticed that there were many muscles in our head and neck and they help us to move our head in lots of different directions.

So we're going to do this step by step.

First I'd like you to put your hands on the back of your neck.

Have you done that? Next I want you to slowly move your head to look to the right and then to the left.

Off you go.

Fantastic.

Well done.

Now I want you to slowly look up to the ceiling and then down to the floor.

Off you go.

Fantastic.

Now have a think about this question.

Can you feel the muscles in your neck moving your head in different directions? If you want to, you can pause the video here and have another go and think really carefully about that question.

Off you go.

Brilliant work.

Well done.

So let's do a quick check of our learning so far.

Which statement is true about muscles? Is it A, our body has one large muscle that moves our bones? B, our body has different muscles that move different bones? Or C, our body only has muscles to move our arm and leg bones? Which statement do you think is true? If you'd like, you can pause the video here and have a go.

Otherwise I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

The answer is B.

Our body has different muscles that move different bones.

So let's do another check.

Which muscles are used to complete these tasks? It says match the muscles to the part of the body it moves.

So what I'd like you to do is you can see three statements along the top.

It says, holding a cup, kicking a ball, stargazing.

So which muscles do you need to do those three activities? I'd like you to pause the video here and have a go.

Off you go.

Fabulous work, well done.

So to hold a cup, we need to use our hand muscles.

To kick a ball, we need our leg muscles.

And finally to do some stargazing and looking up at the stars, we need to use our neck muscles.

Fantastic learning, well done.

Here is your first task.

Muscles support our body and help us to balance.

So we have some pictures here.

We have a picture of a dancer and a gymnast.

I'd like you to carefully stand up in a space and see if you can balance on one leg.

Can you feel your muscles helping you to balance? I want you to then move different parts of your body and talk about which muscles you are using.

I'd like you to pause the video here and have a go at that task.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So we've got Andeep, Lucas, and Laura who did that activity.

Let's see what they had to say.

Andeep says, "When I danced, I moved the muscles in my arms and legs." Laura says, "I used my back muscles to curl up like a cat." And Lucas says, "I used my leg and feet muscles to jump." Now we're onto the second part of our learning today, which is how muscles work.

Our bones are hard and strong.

They do not bend.

A joint is the part of the body where two or more bones meet to allow movement.

So we have the knee joint and joints in our hand.

And you can see in our hand there are many joints to help us to move our hand.

I want you now to bend your knee or your wrist.

Can you feel the joints between the bones? You may even like to wiggle your fingers and close your hand and make a fist and see whether or not you can feel those joints.

I'd like you to pause the video here and have a go at that.

Off you go.

Fantastic work.

Well done.

Let's do a quick check of our learning so far.

Which of these statements explain what a joint in the body is? Is it A, a joint is a bend in a bone? B, a joint is a piece of meat? Or C, a joint is where two or more bones meet? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer, but if you do need longer you can pause the video here.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

The answer is C.

A joint is where two or more bones meet.

Well done.

So muscles work together in pairs around our joints to help us move.

Biceps muscle is on the front of your upper arm and the triceps muscle is on the back of your upper arm.

So here we have pairs of muscles around the joint to help us to move our arm.

So to bend your arm, your bicep needs to pull and your tricep relaxes.

To straighten your arm, your tricep pulls and your bicep relaxes.

Give that a go.

I'd like you to pause the video here and have a try.

Can you describe what's happening to your bicep and your tricep as you're bending your arm and straightening your arm? Off you go.

Fantastic.

Well done.

Muscles can only pull and cannot push.

One muscle pulls in one direction and another pulls it in the opposite direction to make it move.

When you bend your arm, your elbow joint moves as your biceps and triceps work together as a pair.

Andeep asks the question, "Do I have pairs of muscles in other parts of my body?" I'd like you to think about Andeep's question.

See if you can work out whether or not we have pairs of muscles in other parts of our bodies.

I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer, but if you're going to need longer, you can pause the video here.

Off you go.

Fantastic work, well done.

So the muscles in other parts of your body work in the same way.

So in your leg, one muscle pulls at the knee joint to make it bend and another muscle pulls at the knee joint in the opposite direction to straighten the leg.

So let's do a quick check of our learning so far.

It says, what do you think about these statements? So you have three statements and then you have four options along the top.

So your three statements are, A, muscles around joints work in pairs.

B, when muscles work in pairs, one muscle pushes and the other pulls.

And C, muscles move bones around our joints.

So you've got some options along the top.

You've got, I am sure this is right.

I think this is right.

I think this is wrong.

I am sure this is wrong.

So I'd like you to pause the video here and have a go at that task.

Off you go.

Fantastic.

Well done.

Let's see if you were correct.

So A, muscles around joints work in pairs.

And the answer to that is, I am sure this is right because that is correct.

B, when muscles work in pairs, one muscle pushes and the other pulls.

I am sure this is wrong.

And C, muscles move bones around our joints.

I am sure that this is right.

Fantastic learning.

Well done.

So here is your second task for today.

I'd like you to make a model to show how arm muscles work in pairs to move our joints.

So the first step is to fasten two lollipop sticks together to represent the bones in your arm.

Then you're going to loop an elastic band to represent a muscle and secure it with tape.

And number three, you're going to loop an elastic band over the sticks to represent another muscle and secure this with tape.

So I'd like you to pause the video here and have a go at that.

Off you go.

Fantastic.

Well done.

Now the second part of your activity is to write an explanation of how the muscles are working together to move the bones at the elbow joint.

And I'd like you to use the words muscle, joint pull, pairs, opposite, move and direction.

So I'd like you to pause the video here and I'd like you to have a go at the second part of your activity.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So for your explanation, you may have written something like this.

The muscles work in pairs to move the bones at the elbow joint of the arm.

When I pull one of the elastic bands, which represents one muscle, it causes the bone to move upwards and the arm to bend.

When I pull the other elastic band, which represents the other muscle in the pair, it moves the bone in the opposite direction and straightens the arm.

So let's go through the summary of our learning today.

Humans and most other animals have muscles throughout their bodies, which help them to move and balance.

Different muscles move different parts of the body.

Muscles work in pairs around our joints.

One muscle pulls in one direction and another muscle pulls in the opposite direction.

Well done.

You have worked so hard today.

There's been so many new things for us to learn, but you have worked really, really hard.

I am so proud of you.

I'm so proud of the hard work that you have done today.

Well done.