Hi, everyone.

My name is Miss Pancho and I'm really excited and glad that you've decided to join me on this lesson.

Now, during today's lesson, it's going to be split up into two parts.

The first part, we're going to think about different metals and how it links to the topic of magnets.

And then the second part of our lesson, we're going to look at two different stories to learn about how magnetism was discovered.

Let's get started.

So this lesson is part of our unit on magnetic force.

And so our outcome today is going to be I can explain how magnetic force was discovered by people throughout history.

Now, some of the learning might be new to you today and you may find it a little bit challenging, but please don't worry because I'm here to help you and I'll talk you through all of the learning and the whole of the lessons.

So we're going to work together to have a really successful great lesson.

Going to think about some keywords and some of these words you may have heard before and know the meaning of, and some of the words you may not know, but that's okay because we're going to learn them throughout the lesson.

So I'm going to say the word and I would like you to repeat it back.

So my turn.

Magnet.

Your turn.

Excellent.

Well done.

My turn.

Metal.

Your turn.

Great job.

My turn.

Attract.

Your turn.

Super job.

My turn.

Magnetic force.

Your turn.

Excellent.

Well done.

And lastly, my turn, lodestone.

Your turn.

Fantastic, well done.

You've done such an amazing job at practising saying these words and these words we will see throughout the lesson today.

So we're going to think a little bit about the meanings of these words.

So magnets are metals that attract some other metals.

To attract something is to make it move closer.

Metals are types of material.

Lodestone is a type of rock, which is a natural magnet.

And magnetic forces are forces caused by magnets.

So you may have recognised some of these words from other lessons in this unit and we're going to think about some of these words during today's lesson.

So we're going to focus on two aspects in our lesson today.

So the first one is what are magnets? And the second one is learning about the history of the magnetic force.

So let's get started with the first part.

So my first question to you for today's session is do you have any magnets in your classroom or at home? What do they look like and what are they made from? So I want you to pause the video here and either look in your classroom or look around your home.

Can you find any magnets? And I want you to have a look at them really carefully to think about what they look like and also what they might be made from.

Great, I hope you've found a few magnets around your classroom or your home.

So you may have found a fridge magnet.

I know that I really enjoy collecting fridge magnets and all the holidays I go on, one thing I always have to buy is a fridge magnet.

And in a classroom, you may see magnets on a whiteboard.

Your teacher may help you this with your learning.

So all magnets are made of metal.

Sometimes the metal is covered so you don't see it.

So sometimes with magnets, fridge magnets, for example, on top may be plastic to show a design maybe, and then on the back of that will be the magnet.

So there are lots of different types of metal and I was wondering could you name any? So maybe have a pause of the video and have a chat with your learning partner and think about what are the different types of metals? Great, I hope you had an excellent discussion with your talk partner.

So aluminium foil is a type of metal and you may see this in your kitchen sometimes if you've made something hot, then you want to keep it warm, then you can wrap some aluminium foil around it.

So it keeps nice and warm.

A stainless steel fork you may see in your school canteen, you may see at home in the kitchen that you would eat with.

And iron nails.

This is something you may not have seen before, but iron nails are very strong and they can be used to keep very strong materials together.

It might be wood or they might be leather as well.

So there's lots of different types of metals that we can see and may have seen before.

Different metals have different properties.

Some metals are suitable for magnets, but not all metals are magnets.

So a magnet is a metal that attracts some other metals.

To attract means to bring closer.

So let's have a look at this diagram here.

So we've got our magnet here and we've got our stainless steel fork, which we spoke about on the previous slide.

So the stainless steel fork attracted to the magnet and we can see in the diagram here that the is fork touching, is attracted to the magnet.

So we would say here that the magnet attracts the stainless steel fork.

So we're going to do a quick check now just to make sure that you're confident with the learning that we've done so far.

So we've got a sentence here, and I would like you to have a think about what word goes at the end.

All magnets are made of? Excellent, well done.

Great job, everyone.

The answer is metal.

All magnets are made of metal.

So we've got another question here that's a little bit different.

True or false? If something is attracted to a magnet, it appears to stick to the magnet.

So we have either true or we have false.

So I'll give you a few moments to have a think about whether the statement is true or it is false.

Good job, everyone if you said true.

Now, I want you to have a little think about why this statement is true.

So the statement is saying that something is attracted to a magnet, it appears to stick to the magnet.

So I want you to have a think about why this is true.

So we've got two options here.

A, attract means to get closer to something or B, attract means to move further away from something.

So have a little think about which one you think is correct.

Amazing work, everybody.

The correct answer is A.

So attract means to get closer to something.

So we have our next question here just to check our understanding.

Which statement below is true? So we've got three options here.

A, all metals are magnets.

B, all magnets are metal.

Or C, only some magnets are made of metal.

So I'm going to give you a few moments now to have a little think about which statement you think is true.

Fantastic work, everyone if you selected B, all magnets are metal.

So we're going to move on to our task now.

And so I would like you to use a magnet to explore objects in your classroom.

You can test whether objects are attracted to a magnet by holding them next to one and observing whether they appear to stick.

Looking at this diagram, for example, we've got a magnet, as we saw earlier in the slide with the fork, and we've got a toy building brick.

And so we're going to be testing whether a building brick is attracted to a magnet.

Then I would like you to have a go at sorting them into two groups: objects attracted to magnets and objects not attracted to magnets.

And then I would also like you to have a little think about what is the same and what is different about the objects in your groups? So you'll notice some things that are the same between those objects in the groups and you'll also notice a few things that are different as well.

So I want you to keep those things in your mind.

So here are some examples and answers that another group of children got.

You may get similar ones or you may have slightly different ones.

So your results may have looked like this.

So for the objects attracted to the magnet, you may have had a teaspoon, a paperclip, a toy car, and in your group of objects not attracted to a magnet, you may have had a ruler, a rubber, and a teddy.

So you may have got answers similar to this or you may have tested objects similar to this or you may have also tested some objects that are a little bit different.

So your observations may have been similar to these or a little bit different.

So Andeep has said, "I noticed that all the objects that weren't attracted to a magnet were colourful, but they were not all made of the same material." Whereas Sofia here has said, "I think all the things that were attracted to the magnet had metal on them." A magnet is a metal that attracts some other metals.

So we're going to move on to the next part of our lesson now.

And the second part of our lesson today is going to be thinking about the history of magnetic force.

So magnetic forces are forces caused by magnets and metals attracted to magnets are pulled towards them by the magnetic force.

So we've got another diagram here similar to the one before.

So we've got a magnet here and we've got our stainless steel fork and there is a magnetic pull attracting the stainless steel fork to the magnet.

So the stainless steel fork here is attracted to the magnet by the magnetic pull.

Now, magnetic forces were discovered many, many years ago in ancient times and we're going to learn a little bit more about how they were discovered.

Now, one famous story tells of a Greek shepherd called Magnes who used iron nails on the bottom of his shoes for grip.

Now, I'll tell you a little bit more about Magnes.

So he was a shepherd in northern Greece in an area called Magnesia.

And his name in Latin actually means great.

So he was a great person.

He noticed something really interesting when he was a shepherd and he noticed that his shoes stuck to the rocks, something very strange and he couldn't figure out the reason.

Why do we think that happened? So we know here that Magnes, the Greek shepherd, he used iron nails on the bottom of his shoes for grip, but he noticed that the shoes got stuck to the rocks.

So have a little think now with your talking partner about why we think that may have been the case using the learning that we've done earlier in this lesson.

So have a pause of the video now and have a talk with your learning partner about why his shoes may have stuck to the rock.

Excellent discussion, everyone.

Well done.

So Magnes was walking on a rock called lodestone.

And if you remember, we spoke about this word at the beginning of the session.

Now lodestone, you can see a picture of it here on the right-hand side, lodestone contains metal and attracts objects made of iron.

It acts like a natural magnet.

So something natural mean it's occurring in the Earth already and humans haven't got involved and it hasn't meant that humans have created it.

So we say that lodestone is a natural magnet because it's occurring on the Earth already.

Some people say the rock was also named magnetite after the shepherd Magnes.

So some people have thought that maybe the stone was called that because Magnes realised that his shoes were sticking to the stone.

Another story, a little bit different, but still about magnetic force tells the story of a Chinese emperor who built his castle gates from lodestone for protection.

So the word protection tells us that it's there to keep us safe.

So the emperor, who was very, very powerful, knew that lodestone was a natural magnet and that some metals would be attracted to it.

Now, enemies, so that's people that were on the other side, were wearing metal armour and carrying metal weapons would become stuck to the gate due to the magnetic forces.

So we're thinking about our learning before about how the magnetic pool would attract objects.

And so the enemies here were wearing the metal armour and carrying their metal weapons.

And the gates were made of lodestone, which we've just learned is a natural magnet, which means that the armour and the weapons are going to be attracted to the lodestone gates.

We can see a picture here of exactly that.

So we've got the enemies there and they've been attracted to the lodestone gates because the stone gates are attracting the armour and the metal weapons.

So we can see the Chinese emperor's palace gates there.

So a quick check just to make sure that everyone understands what we've been learning so far in this section of the lesson.

So in the story, the nails in the shepherd's shoes were pulled towards the lodestone by force.

So pause the video, have a little think about what we think that missing word might be.

Well done, everyone if you said magnetic.

So we saw in the shepherd story that the pull towards the lodestone was a magnetic force.

Good job, everyone.

Now our next question to recap on the learning we've just done, and I want you to have a think about what the answer may be to finish off the sentence.

Materials which are attracted to a magnet would? A, be damaged by lodestone.

B, not be attracted to lodestone.

Or C, be attracted to lodestone.

So have a little think about what we've just learned about lodestone, about magnets and them being attracted one another and have a think about which one you think is the answer, A, B or C.

Fantastic job, everyone if you said C.

So materials which are attracted to a magnet would be attracted to lodestone because again, we learned in our session that lodestone is a natural magnet.

But I want you to have a little think now with your talk partner as to why this might be the case.

Super job, everyone.

Lodestone is a type of rock, which is a natural magnet, which means it's naturally occurring on the Earth and humans haven't created it, humans haven't interfered, it's naturally occurring on our Earth.

Well done, everyone.

So our next question is we've got two children here sharing what they think and we're going to have a little think about who we agree with and why.

So we've got Laura here.

She says, "Magnets are fun to play with, but magnetic force is not helpful to us in our lives." Whereas Jacob here is saying that "people have used a magnetic force to design, invent, and build things that help us." So pause the video here and maybe have a read over Laura and Jacob's thoughts again and have a little think about who we agree with and why.

Have a think back to the shepherd story.

Have a think back to the Chinese emperor story and think about who do we agree with, Laura or Jacob? Brilliant work, everyone if you said Jacob.

So Jacob had said that people have used magnetic force to design, invent, build, and lots of those different things have been used to actually help us today in our everyday lives.

So we're going to have a little think now about our next task.

So what I would like you to do is choose one of the two stories about magnetic forces in ancient times, and I would then like you to draw a labelled diagram to show where the magnetic force was acting in that story.

And once you've drawn your diagram, I would like you to have a go at adding a few notes or talking to your talk partner to explain what your picture shows.

So you can either write some notes about your diagram or you can talk to somebody about your diagram to show them your excellent understanding.

So just a quick recap, we had two stories in today's lesson.

We had the shepherd Magnes in Greece, in northern Greece where he was in Magnesia, the area in northern Greece.

And he was a shepherd and he noticed that his shoes were sticking to the ground and were attracted to the ground.

And we had our second story where the Chinese emperor had used lodestone, which is a natural magnet to make his gates.

So his enemies, their armour was made of metal and so were their weapons, so they got stuck to the gate.

So I want you to use one of those stories to draw a diagram and then add some notes or have a talk with someone about what your picture shows.

So pause the video here and have a go at the task.

Super work, everyone.

I can see that you've really put a lot of effort into your diagrams and that's really, really fantastic.

Good job, everyone.

So this is an example of someone else's work.

They have chosen the shepherd story.

You have also may have chosen the shepherd story or you may have chosen the Chinese emperor story.

So is your diagram similar or different to this one? So we've got the shepherd diagram here.

So the magnetic force pulled the nails towards the lodestone.

So we've got some excellent annotations and labels to this diagram here.

So we've got the shepherd's legs, so we can see that it's part of his leg and the foot is on there.

We've got the iron nails in the sole of the sandal.

So the sole of the sandal is at the bottom of your shoe.

So if you turn your shoes around, you'll have a sole at the bottom.

That helps us to make sure our shoes are comfortable.

And we've got a leather sandal there so we know what type of material it's made out of.

And we can see at the bottom there we've got all of those iron nails at the bottom of the sole there of the sandal.

And there is a magnetic pull happening to the lodestone rock that is on the floor.

And we mentioned that that's a natural magnet.

So if you chose the shepherd story, your diagram might be a little bit similar to this one.

Now, we've come to the end of our learning today, so we're going to have a summary of what we have learned so far.

So we have learned in this lesson that a magnet is a metal that attracts some other metals.

We have also learned that not all metals are magnets, but all magnets are metals.

We've also learned that magnetic force was first discovered by people in ancient times when they observed a mineral called lodestone.

And the word observed means that they've seen something with their eyes.

So with the shepherd, he realised with his eye, and he noticed that his shoes were sticking to the ground.

And with the Chinese emperor, he realised that the lodestone gates, he observed this, that the enemies, because of their armour being in metal and because of their weapons being in metal, they were attracted to the lodestone gates.

So if we're saying someone observes some things, that means they're looking with their eye and they've noticed something with their eye.

And something else we've learned today is that magnetic force has been used for many years to invent and build useful things.

And we still use magnets in our day-to-day lives.

Lots of different things and places in our home, in our classroom, in supermarkets, in shops, everywhere in our day-to-day life, we see lots of magnets and sometimes we might not realise that a magnet is being used, and magnets can be very, very powerful, very strong, and lift and attract very heavy things.

But also, we can have magnets that are not as strong and can only attract a very small and light object.

Now, we've come to the end of the lesson and I just want to say I'm so impressed with all the amazing work you've done today.

We've learned some tricky things today in our lesson but you've all worked incredibly hard and had a really fantastic go at all of the activities, and I really hope that you've learned something new about magnets, about attraction, but also learning about those two really interesting stories about the emperor, but also about the shepherd as well.

And I'm sure you will use all of this excellent learning in your next sessions, but also next time you see a magnet, you can understand the reason why that is the case and why it was discovered.

So thank you so much for taking part in this lesson and I've had such a great lesson with you.

And as I said, I've been so impressed with all of your learning.

I hope that you have wonderful day and take care and I'm sure I'll see you very soon.

Bye-bye.