Hello, my name is Mrs. Mehrin and I'm so excited to be learning all about musical instruments and pitch with you.

Let's begin.

Welcome to today's lesson from the unit introduction to sound.

Your lesson outcome is I can explain how the pitch of sounds can be changed on a variety of musical instruments.

And we are going to be building on your learning all about pitch.

Now, I know that learning can sometimes be a little bit challenging, but that's okay because it just means that we are going to work really hard together to learn lots of fabulous new things.

Let's begin.

Here, are your keywords for today's lesson, along with the definitions.

So your keywords are the words in bold.

Now I am going to be referring to these throughout today's lesson.

However, if you feel that it's helpful for you to jot these down, you can pause the video and do that now.

Off you go.

Fantastic.

Well done.

Now your lesson is split into two parts today.

Let's begin with the first part.

Musical instruments and pitch.

The musicians in this orchestra play different types of musical instruments.

How many musical instruments can you name? I'll give you five seconds to have a quick look.

See how many you can spot in this picture.

Off you go.

Fabulous.

Well done.

So when I'm looking at this, I can see some drums. I can see some cellos and violins.

I wonder if you managed to spot any that I didn't.

Now, musical instruments produce different musical sounds.

They are often classified by the way they produce sounds.

So for example, percussion is a hit shake or a scrape in order to create that sound, strings need to be plucked or bowed.

Keyboards, you need to press the keys.

Woodwind is to blow air, and brass is vibrate your lips by buzzing.

Now, many musical instruments can make different pitched sounds.

So the piano, organ, and electronic keyboard are classified as keyboard instruments and pressing different keys produces a range of sounds from a very low pitch to a very high pitch.

Now let's do a quick check-in of your learning so far.

So true or false, all musical instruments make one pitch of sound.

Is that true or false? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fabulous.

Well done.

The answer is false.

Now let's see if you can justify your answer.

Is it because some musical instruments make different pitched sounds or be only keyboard instruments make different pitched sounds? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fabulous.

Well done.

The answer is A, some musical instruments make different pitched sounds.

Now Izzy and Sam are thinking about how musical instruments can produce different pitched sounds.

And Izzy says, "I learned that the length of the vibrating object affects the pitch of the sound." And Sam says, "Yes, but all the white keys on a piano are the same length.

So how does it produce high and low pitched sounds?" Do you have any ideas? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fabulous.

Well done.

So the length of the vibrating strings inside of a piano make the pitch higher or lower.

At the left side of the piano, the strings are longer and thicker.

These produce lower pitched notes when they vibrate.

And at the right side of the piano, the strings are shorter and thinner to produce higher pitched notes.

So when you press a piano key, a tiny hammer inside the piano strikes string and the string vibrates to make a musical sound.

Sometimes the strings are attached diagonally.

Now, Sam thinks about other musical instruments that make a sound when their strings are vibrating and she says, "I can tighten or loosen the strings on my guitar by tuning the tuning pegs.

As the strings get tighter, the pitch becomes higher." And we can see the tuning pegs here on this guitar.

Now Sam's teacher explains that there is a way to change the length of the guitar string vibrating to affect the pitch of sound.

Now, do you know how to do this? I'll give you five seconds to think about it.

Off you go.

Fantastic.

Well done.

So you can position your fingers lower down on the fingerboard, and this makes the vibrating part of the string shorter and the pitch is higher.

Now, Sam plays her guitar.

She uses a sound metre to measure pitch as she moves her finger down the fingerboard to make the vibrating part of the string shorter.

So here we have the length of the vibrating guitar string in centimetres.

She's got 65 and 60, 55 and 50, and the pitch of the sound, which is measured in hertz.

So we have 82, 87, 98, and 110.

Now what pattern do you find in Sam's results? I'll give you five seconds to have a look through her results.

However, if you need longer, you can pause the video here.

Off you go.

Fantastic.

Well done.

So the shorter the vibrating string, the higher the pitch was.

Now let's do a quick check-in of your learning, which of these affect the pitch of a sound? Is it A changing the colour of a vibrating object.

B, changing the length of a vibrating object.

or C, changing the volume of the vibrating object.

I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fabulous.

Well done.

The answer is the changing the length of vibrating object will affect the pitch of a sound.

Now, here is your first task for today.

It says, do you agree with Izzy and can you explain why? So Izzy says, "The longest bar of the xylophone will produce the lowest pitched sound." Now, I want you to try this using a xylophone, a glockenspiel or chime bars if you can.

So I'd like you to pause the video here and have a go at this activity.

Off you go.

Fabulous.

Well done.

So Izzy is correct because the longer the length of the vibrating object, the lower the pitch will be.

Now here is task two.

It says, Izzy has wooden sticks called claves.

She taps them together to make a sound.

Will shorter or longer claves produce the highest pitched sound, and I want you to try it using different length caves or boom whackers if you can.

So again, I'd like you to pause the video here and have a go at doing this.

Off you go.

Fabulous.

Well done.

So shorter sticks will produce a higher pitch sound because the shorter the length of the vibrating object, the higher the pitch will be.

Now that takes us on to the second part of our learning for today, which is exploring pitch.

So Jacob is learning to play the recorder, and he says, "I can make different pitch to notes when I blow, but I am not changing the length of my recorder.

So how does that work?" Let's have a listen to this audio of a recorder playing.

(recorder mellowing) Fabulous.

Well done.

So do you have any ideas in regards to Jacob's question there where he said, "I can make different pitch to notes when I blow, but I am not changing the length of my recorder.

So how does that work?" I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fabulous.

Well done.

So Jacob is using his fingers to cover up holes in the recorder, and this changes how much air is vibrating inside of it.

So when Jacob covers all the holes, air cannot escape outta them when he blows.

So this means there is a longer column of air vibrating inside the recorder, which makes a lower pitched sound.

Now, when Jacob covers only one hole of the recorder and blows air into it, air can escape outta the other holes.

Just like this.

There is now a shorter column of air vibrating inside the recorder, which makes a higher pitched sound.

There are different sized recorders.

Which size recorder will make the lowest pitch sound? Which one do you think will make the lowest pitch sound? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fabulous.

Well done.

So it would be A.

Now let's have a look at this question here.

It says, when blowing into a flute, how can you make the highest pitched sound? So when you're blowing into a flute, how can you make the highest pitched sound? Is A, covering four holes with your fingers, B, covering two holes with your fingers, or C, covering all the holes with your finger? So remember, we're looking to see which one would make the highest pitched sound.

So I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fabulous.

Well done.

The answer is B.

Jacob continues to ask questions about pitch, and he says, "I know that longer musical instruments produce lower pitched sounds, but I wonder, do larger musical instruments produce lower pitched sounds too?" Sam says, "I think larger objects produce louder sounds but not lower pitched sounds." What do you think? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fabulous.

Well done.

So at band practise, Jacob hits different sized cymbals and drums. So here we have a large cymbal and a small cymbal, and we have a large drum and a small drum.

Now, what do you think will happen to the pitch of the sounds produced? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fabulous.

Well done.

So let's have a listen to a small cymbal compared to a large cymbal.

So I'm going to play the small cymbal first.

Let's listen to that.

(cymbal gongs) Fabulous.

Now, let's listen to the large cymbal.

(cymbal gongs) Brilliant.

What do you notice about the pitch of those sounds? Was the small cymbal a higher pitch or a lower pitch? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Fantastic.

Well done.

Now let's listen to the small drum and then the large drum.

So I'm going to play the SMD drum for you now.

(drum beats) Fabulous.

And now the large drum.

(drum beats) Fantastic.

So what did you notice about the pitch of these sounds? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Fantastic.

Well done.

So Jacob says, "The small cymbal and drum produced a higher pitched sound and the large cymbal in the drum produced a lower pitch sound." Now, Jacob plays musical instruments to explore how their size can affect the pitch of sound they produce.

The largest triangle has the lowest pitch, the smallest hand bell has the highest pitch.

Now, larger vibrating objects produce lower pitched sounds and smaller vibrating objects produce higher pitched sounds.

So Sam and Jacob discuss how size affects pitch.

And Sam says, "Smaller vibrating objects produce higher pitched sounds, whereas as larger vibrating objects produce a lower pitched sound." And Jacob says, "Now I understand why the biggest musical instruments in the orchestra produce the lowest pitched sounds." Let's do a quick check-in of your learning, which of these musical instruments produce the lowest pitched sounds? Is it A, the violin, B, the cello, or C, the double bass? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

So the answer is, C, the double bass.

Well done.

Now, a ukulele makes a higher pitched sound than a guitar because, A, a ukulele has shorter strings than a guitar, B, a ukulele is smaller than a guitar, or C, A ukulele is larger than a guitar? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic.

Well done.

The answer is A and B.

Now here is task B.

It says, explore making musical sounds in different ways.

So you could use different musical instruments or everyday objects to hit shake and scrape.

And you are going to test out Sam's findings for yourself.

So Sam said, "Larger and longer vibrating objects produce lower pitched sounds." So I'd like you to pause the video here and have a go at this activity.

Off you go.

Fabulous.

Well done.

So Izzy says, "I stretched a different thickness, rubber bands over tissue box and plucked them.

The widest band produced the lowest pitch sound." Jacob says, "I hit different sized crisp tubes together.

I found the longest tubes, made, the lowest pitch sound." And Alex says, "I played the lowest note on my trombone by pushing the sliding piece out to the longest length." Now we are on to the summary of your learning today.

So many musical instruments can make different pitch sounds.

Changing the length of the vibrating object can affect the pitch of the sound It produces.

Larger vibrating objects, make lower pitched sounds, and smaller vibrating objects make higher pitched sounds.

Well done for today.

I'm so proud of you for all of your hard work.

You have learned so much and you've worked really well.