Hello, my name is Mrs. Mehrin and I am really looking forward to learning all about looking after our teeth and we are going to be doing a review today.

Let's begin.

Welcome to today's lesson from the unit Introduction to the Human Digestive System.

Your lesson outcome today is, I can present information about how sugar in drinks can damage teeth.

Now we're going to be looking at some of your previous learning in today's lesson all about different drinks and how they can affect our teeth.

Now I know that learning can sometimes be a little bit challenging, but that's okay because we are going to work together and we are going to learn lots of fabulous new things.

Now here are your five key words for today's lesson.

You don't need to jot these down because I am going to refer to them throughout today's video.

However, if it helps you, you can jot these down by pausing the video now.

Fantastic.

Well done.

And here are the definitions for those words.

Again, you don't have to write these down because I am going to refer to them throughout today's video.

However, if it makes it useful for you and you find it easier to have them written down next to you, you can pause the video here and do that now.

Fabulous.

Well done.

So we have three parts to our learning today.

Let's begin with the first part, drawing conclusions from data.

Now Izzy and Jacob have carried out their own investigation into tooth decay, which you may also have done if you had done the previous lesson.

So Jacob says, "We use clean eggshells to represent teeth.

"We left them in different drinks for a week.

"We will use them to find out "which drinks are most harmful to teeth." Izzy says, "I have carefully taken the eggshells "out of the drinks." Jacob says, "Wow, they look different "from when we put them into the drinks.

"What do we do with them now?" So what do you think they can do with these eggshells now? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic.

Well done.

So what they're going to do is make observations because scientists make careful observations to investigate which drinks are harmful to teeth and observing something is looking at it really closely.

So here we have the eggshell from the black currant juice drink.

What observations can you make about the eggshell in the black currant juice drink? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic.

Well done.

So you may have said that the eggshell has gone a dark purple, but actually the shell itself is still quite hard and it stayed in one piece.

Now Izzy and Jacob make careful observations of each of the eggshells used in their investigation.

And here we have the eggshell from the fresh orange drink.

Now what observations can you make about the eggshell in the fresh orange drink? Again, I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic.

Well done.

So you may have said that the eggshell has gone soft and some parts are broken into small pieces and it looks like it's got a white powdery coating on top.

Which questions will you hope to answer by observing eggshells left in different drinks? A, which is your favourite drink? B, which eggshell comes from the local farm? Or C, which drinks are the most harmful to teeth? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic.

Well done.

The answer is C, which drinks are the most harmful to teeth? Now true or false, scientists make careful observations to investigate the effect of different drinks on teeth.

Is that true or false? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic.

Well done.

The answer is true.

Is it because A, scientists carefully observe how the drink changes to find out which harmful to teeth? Or is it B, scientists carefully observe how the eggshell changes to find out which drinks are harmful to teeth? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic.

Well done.

The answer is B, scientists carefully observe how the eggshell changes to find out which drinks are harmful to teeth? Now, scientists review data collected from observations.

This means they look back over the information they've collected and examine it again.

Once they have completed their review, scientists explain what the results show or mean by writing something called a conclusion.

So, true or false, scientists don't need to review data they get from investigations.

Is that true or false? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

The answer is false.

Let's see if you can justify your answers because A, scientists review data to help them decide what their conclusion should say, or B, scientists review data to help them decide what to write in a table.

Again, I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

The answer is A, scientists review data to help them decide what their conclusion should say.

Now, in a conclusion, scientists often look back at any predictions they made to see if what they thought was going to happen actually did happen or not.

So Jacob says, "I predicted that the eggshell "in the fresh orange juice would have the least decay." And Izzy said, "I predicted that the eggshell "in the diet cola would decay a lot "because any kind of fizzy drink is bad for you." Now, I want you to look at the eggshells now.

Were Jacob and Izzy correct with their early predictions? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So we're going to have a look at Izzy and Jacob's predictions again in a moment, but before we do, let's do a quick check-in of your learning.

Which of these things do scientists do once they have carried out an investigation to find out if their prediction was correct? Is it A, they need to review their data, B, they need to collect their resources, C, they need to look at their plan, or D, they need to write a conclusion.

So which of those things do they need to do once they've carried out an investigation to find out if their prediction was correct? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

The answers are A and D.

Now, I want you to observe the eggshells from your own investigations or the ones used by Izzy and Lucas, and I want you to describe any changes to each eggshell.

Order the eggshells from the least decay to the most decay.

So I'd like you to pause the video now and have a go at doing that.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So the eggshell in the water, this eggshell is still hard and has stayed the same colour.

The eggshell in the fresh orange juice, however, has crumbled and gone really soft.

The eggshell in the diet cola is still hard and is almost the same colour, and it has browned a little bit.

The eggshell in the cola, this eggshell has cracked and has gone a darker brown colour.

So I observed which eggshells were most cracked and crumbled and put them in this order from least to most decay.

Now, if you think about what Lucas and Izzy said, Lucas said that he thought the fresh orange juice would not affect the egg as much as the others because he said it was fresh orange juice, and he probably thought it's quite healthy, so it's probably not going to affect it, but we can see that actually the fresh orange juice was the worst thing for the teeth.

And Izzy said that she thought the diet cola would be the worst for your teeth because it's fizzy, but actually the diet cola wasn't as bad.

So now I want you to write a conclusion to explain what you found out to answer the enquiry question, which drinks are most harmful to teeth? I want you to refer back to any predictions you made to see if your ideas were correct or not.

So I'd like you to pause the video now and have a go at doing that.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So you may have written, "The drinks that caused the most decay "made the eggshells go very soft "and either break up or crack and fall into little bits.

"The eggshells represented the enamel on teeth, "so if these had been real teeth, "drinking fresh fruit juice and cola would have caused decay.

"The blackcurrant juice and diet cola "would have stained the teeth.

"Drinking water would have been the best drink "to prevent tooth decay.

"My prediction that water does not cause tooth decay "was correct.

"However, I was not correct in predicting "what would happen with diet cola and blackcurrant drink.

"I was very surprised to see the decay "caused by fresh orange juice." Now we are on to the second part of your learning, finding out about sugar in drinks.

Now Laura says, "I read Izzy and Jacob's conclusions "about which drinks are most harmful to teeth.

"I wonder why certain drinks cause more decay than others.

"Do you have any ideas? "I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

"Off you go." Fantastic, well done.

So Jun says, "My mum is a dentist "and she says too much sugar in food or drink "can damage teeth.

"I wonder if it's got something to do with sugar." So Jun says, "We could ask my mum "how much sugar is in different drinks, "but she's very busy." Laura says, "We could find out ourselves "by looking at the labels on different drinks "to see how much sugar they have in them." Now let's do a quick check-in of your learning before we continue.

Which drink contains a lot of sugar which can cause tooth decay? A, water, B, fizzy water, or C, cola? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

The answer is C, cola.

Now information about sugar content in food and drink can be found on labels and packaging.

And you might have seen labels like these.

So the data on this label shows there is 8.

6 grammes of sugar in this carton of fruit juice per 100 mils that you drink.

Now if you think about a regular glass, that's anywhere between 200 to 250 millilitres.

So usually if we're drinking orange juice, we would have 200 millilitres.

We would probably have a glass full.

Now that's quite a lot of sugar in that fruit juice.

And fruit juices have something called natural sugars in them that come from the fruit that the drink was made from.

Now some drinks contain more sugar than others.

So let's look at these drink labels here.

We've got a can of fizzy drink and cordial.

Now in the can of fizzy drink, each can, so a can holds 330 millilitres, 15.

4 grammes of sugar in the Coke.

In 100 millilitres of pop, there's 4.

7 grammes of sugar.

Now in 100 millilitres of cordial, there's 1.

87 grammes of sugar, which is less than the can of fizzy drink.

Now Laura and Jun wonder if the drinks that cause the most decay to their eggshells contain the most sugar.

They wrote the drinks tested in order from most to least decay.

So here we have their table.

They've got cola, diet cola, fresh orange juice, blackcurrant juice and water.

Now they looked at the labels on the drinks used in their investigation and they entered the amount of sugar per 100 grammes of drink to their table of results.

So cola had 16 grammes per 100 mil, fresh orange juice was eight, blackcurrant juice had four, diet cola had zero and water had zero.

Now what conclusion do you think they can make from this data? So if you need to, you can pause the video here, otherwise I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fabulous, well done.

So Jun says, "I thought the fresh orange juice "would have contained the most sugar "as this eggshell was the most damaged.

"However, there was eight grammes of sugar "in 100 millilitres of this drink." And Laura says, "The eggshell from the cola drink "was cracked and crumbled into little pieces.

"And this was because the cola drink "contained 16 grammes of sugar in 100 millilitres." So where could you look to find information about sugar content in drinks? Would you look on a shopping list? Would you look on the packaging? Or would you look on the till receipt? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

The answer is on the packaging.

So here is task B.

It says, "Find information about the sugar content "in drinks on packaging.

"Look at labels on the drinks "that you've used in your investigation.

"Does the sugar content match up "with the amount of decay on each of your eggshells "from task A? "And what conclusions can you make?" So I'd like you to pause the video here and have a go at that activity.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So your conclusion may have said, "The drinks that have the highest sugar content "are the ones that cause the most damage to our teeth.

"Drinking drinks with low or no sugar content "like sugar-free cordials and water "can help prevent tooth decay." Now we are on to the third part of our learning for today, presenting information about sugar in drinks.

So scientists often present data in a graph to help explain their conclusions to other people.

And pictograms use pictures to show the data.

Biographs use blocks or bars to show the data.

And Laura and Jun decided to make a graph to help them share their conclusion that too much sugar in drinks can cause tooth decay.

They've discovered that one sugar cube contains four grammes of sugar.

So they're going to stack the right amount of sugar in cubes to represent how much sugar is found in different types of drinks.

So here is a graph to show the amount of sugar in drinks.

One sugar cube is equal to four grammes of sugar.

Now other people can use the graph to work out how much sugar is in each drink.

So you've got 12 grammes in cola, none in diet cola, eight in fresh cola, four in juice and zero in water.

Now using their graph, Laura and Jun can explain their conclusions to other people.

Drinks like cola and fresh fruit juice contain a lot of sugar, so they can damage teeth and cause tooth decay.

And Jun says diet drinks do not contain sugar, but they contain other ingredients that can discolour teeth, weaken the enamel and cause tooth decay.

Now let's do a quick checking of your learning.

It says, which of these conclusions could be explained by presenting data in a graph? Is it A, you should visit a dentist twice a year, B, too much sugar in drinks can cause damage to teeth, or C, teeth have a strong outer layer called enamel.

I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

The answer is B, too much sugar in drinks can cause damage to teeth.

Now here is your final task for today.

I want you to use the data you've collected from your own eggshell investigations or from Lauren and Jun's investigation.

And I want you to create a graph using sugar cubes to help explain your conclusions to other people.

So what I'd like you to do now is to pause the video here and have a go at the activity.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So yours may have looked something like this.

Now water is the best drink to prevent tooth decay as it has no sugar in it.

Cordial would be the next best as it only has a small amount of sugar in it compared to the energy drink and cola, which are the most damaging as they have the highest sugar content of all the drinks I tested.

Although my graph shows that diet lemonade has no sugar in it, I know that diet drinks have other ingredients that cause tooth decay.

The fruit juice has quite a lot of natural sugar in it and this can still damage teeth.

Now we are on to the summary of our learning today.

Scientists make careful observations to investigate which drinks are harmful to teeth.

Scientists review data and write their conclusions.

Too much sugar in food or drink can damage teeth.

Information about sugar content in drinks can be found on packaging and displayed in a graph.

Well done for today.

You have worked really hard.

You've used your critical thinking skills and you have done brilliantly.

Well done.