Hello, my name is Mrs. Maharin, and I'm so excited to learn more about the journey of food with you.

Let's begin.

Welcome to today's lesson from the unit introduction to the human digestive system.

Your learning outcome is I can describe the final part of the journey of food through the human digestive system.

Now I know that learning can sometimes be a little bit challenging, but that's okay 'cause it just means that we are going to work really hard together and we're going to learn lots of fabulous new things.

Let's begin.

So here are your keywords for today, and here all the definitions for those keywords as well.

Now I am going to be referring to all of these keywords and definitions throughout today's lesson.

However, if you find it helpful, you can pause the video here and jot these down.

Fabulous, well done.

So our lesson today is split into two parts.

Let's start with the first part from stomach to small intestine.

Now, Andeep says, "I know that we begin to digest food when we start to break it down with our teeth and it mixes with saliva." And Jacob says, "Then the partly digested food travels down our oesophagus into our stomach where the stomach acid helps to break it down and also kills the bacteria." And Sam says, "I wonder where it goes next? Do you know?" I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fabulous, well done.

So Aisha says, "I think it goes into your legs and fills them up, which makes you grow." And Lucas says, "I think it goes into your arms to make you strong." Laura says, "I think it travels from the stomach and comes out when we go to the toilet." What do you think? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fabulous, well done So the stomach has a ring of muscle that relaxes and releases the partly digested food a little bit at a time.

And the partly digested food passes into the small intestine, which is a long winding tube in the lower part of your body called the abdomen.

Now, where does the partially digested food go after the stomach? Is it A into the legs? B into the oesophagus, C into the small intestine, or D into the toilet? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fabulous, well done.

And the answer is into the small intestine.

Now the small intestine is where most digestion takes place.

Nutrients from the broken down food passed through the walls of the small intestine and our absorbed into our blood.

Now the blood vessels that carry the blood are tubes that travel around the body.

Your blood carries the nutrients from the food to the organs that need it.

Let's do a quick check-in of your learning.

The children are discussing what happens inside the small intestine.

Who do you agree with? Izzy says, "I think the liquid food turns into a solid." Jacob says, "I think all the liquid food goes into our legs." Sam says, "I think the nutrients are absorbed through the walls into the blood." And Alex says, "I think all the liquid food is absorbed into the abdomen." Who do you think is correct? Who do you agree with? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fabulous, well done.

It's Sam who is correct.

Now Andeep says, "This intestine must be very short to be called the small intestine.

I wonder how small it is." What do you think? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fabulous, well done.

Now the small intestine is actually not small at all.

In adults, the small intestine is five and a half metres long, which is the length of about five and a half cricket bats.

Now it's called the small intestine because it's quite narrow.

It's only about three centimetres wide.

It's very, very long, but narrow, which is why it's called a small intestine.

Andeep says, "How does all of that fit into my body?" Do you have any ideas? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fabulous, well done.

So your small intestine is a long narrow tube that falls over and over onto itself.

And it's found in your abdomen.

And this is the part you might call your belly.

Now, true or false, the small intestine is called small because it is very tiny.

Is that true or false? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fabulous, well done.

And the answer is false.

Now let's see if you can justify your answer.

Is it because the small intestine is called small because it's very narrow? Or is it because the small intestine is called small because it's very short? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fabulous well done.

And the answer is A.

Now Sam says, "I don't believe that the small intestine can fit in my body.

There isn't enough room in my abdomen to fit a five and a half metre length tube." Andeep says, "I have an idea.

We could use a model to see if it could fit.

I wonder what we could use to represent the small intestine?" So what do you think they could use for their model? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fabulous, well done.

Now Sofia decides to use some thick wall to represent her small intestine.

And she says, "I know that the small intestine is a tube, but I don't have any tubing.

I've chosen thick wall because it can be rolled out long and thin, and then folded over like the small intestine." So Sofia knows that the small intestine is five and a half metres long.

So she asks Andeep to help her measure out the right length of all for her model.

Sofia finds a small box to represent her abdomen.

She says, "I have chosen a small box for my model because it represents a space for containing different organs in the body." She then takes the length of wool and folds it back on itself many times and puts it in the box to show how it would fit into her abdomen.

Let's do a quick check-in of your learning.

Which of these things could represent the small intestine in a model? Could it be A, a ball, B, wool, or C, a small box? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fabulous, well done.

It would be B, the wool.

So your first task is to make a model to represent the small intestine.

Now you might use what like Sofia did in her model, or choose another suitable material.

Find something to represent your abdomen.

Then fold the small intestine inside the abdomen to model how the intestine fits inside the body despite its length.

And then after you've done that, after you've made the model, I want you to return to any diagrams that you have drawn and add any new learning about the human digestive system.

So think about any diagrams that you might have drawn in previous lesson.

Okay, I'd like you to pause the video here and have a go at doing that.

Off you go.

Fabulous, well done.

So the first one was to make a model to represent this small intestine.

This person says, "I used a five and a half metre skipping rope to represent the small intestine.

I folded it back on itself lots of times.

I put it in a sandwich bag to represent my abdomen." Another person says, "I used a five and a half metre long hose pipe as it was about three centimetres wide to represent the small intestine.

I coiled it in a shoebox to represent how it would fit inside my body." And you might have used other things in your model.

Well done.

So let's have a look at what we might have been able to add to any diagrams that we drew.

So you've got your mouth with your teeth, which was the start of the digestive system.

You had the small intestine where nutrients from food are absorbed, stomach and stomach acid, the muscle flap to block off airway and the oesophagus as well.

Now we are on to the second part of your learning, the final journey of food.

So Izzy says, "So this is the end of the food, end of the journey for the food." What do you think? And Jacob says, "I wonder if all the undigested food is absorbed through the small intestine wall or if it goes somewhere else now." So I want you to have a little think now.

I'm gonna give you five seconds and think about what you think happens next in the journey for food.

Off you go.

Fabulous, well done.

So from the small intestine, the undigested food and water that remains travels to the large intestine.

And at this stage in the human digestive system, most of the digestion has now taken place.

So let's do a quick check-in of your learning.

It says when the partly digested food leaves the small intestine, it moves through which of these organs? Is it A, the mouth, B, the large intestine, or C, the oesophagus? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fabulous, well done.

And the answer is B.

Now our intestines are divided into two sections, large and small.

So is the large intestine bigger than the small intestine? What do you think? So you've got the large intestine and you've got the small intestine.

So I'm going to give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fabulous, well done.

So the large intestine is actually only about one and a half metres long, which is about the same length as one and a half cricket bats.

So now do you remember how long the small intestine was? I'll give you five seconds to see if you can jog your memory.

Off you go.

Fabulous, well done.

So the small intestine was five and a half metres long.

So the large intestine is much shorter, but the large intestine is about six centimetres wide.

So it's twice as wide as the small intestine, which is why it's known as the large intestine.

Now, Lucas says, "I wonder what the function of the large intestine is." What do you think? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fabulous, well done.

So the function of the large intestine is to absorb any remaining water from undigested material, and this helps to form solid waste for our body to get rid of as faeces or poo.

Now the solid waste, the faeces is stored at the end of the large intestine in something called the rectum.

An opening called the anus is surrounded by muscles which help pass faeces out into the toilet.

Let's do a quick check-in of your learning.

It says which of these are the functions of the rectum? A, the rectum uses all the nutrients from food to help us grow, B, the rectum stores waste until we go to the toilet or C, the rectum absorbs water from food into the body.

I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fabulous, well done.

Then the answer is B, the rectum restores waste until we go to the toilet.

Who do you agree with? Izzy says, "I think the anus is a bone that squashes the faeces out of your body." Jacob says, "I think the anus is an organ that stores all the faeces." And Sam says, "I think the anus is an opening surrounded by muscles which help pass faeces out into the toilet." I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fabulous, well done.

It's Sam who is correct.

Izzy says, "Wow, that is an epic journey!" Jacob says, "I wonder how long it takes for my breakfast to end up in the toilet." What do you think? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fabulous, well done.

So in general, food can take anywhere between 24 to 72 hours to move through your digestive system system.

And the exact time depends on the amount and the types of food you've eaten.

So Sofia says, "I'm going to make a model to show what I've learned about the final part of my digestive system." And Andeep says, "We will need to think about what we could use to represent the small intestine, large intestine, including the rectum, anus, and the faeces." So what do you think they could use for their model? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Fabulous, well done.

So Sofia decides to make a model to demonstrate how the food from the stomach continues its journey.

So she's got mashed bananas in a bag, and that's going to represent mashed bananas in the stomach.

She's got a sieve, a plate, foam cups, paper towels.

Now can you guess which piece of equipment will represent each part of Sofia's digestion model? So I've given you one of them, which is the mashed banana in the stomach.

What do you think the other pieces of equipment are going to represent? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fabulous, well done.

So first, Sofia cuts one corner of the bag, which is the stomach to squeeze food into the sieve, which is the small and the large intestines.

Now the liquid, the nutrients and water from the food pass through the sieve onto the plate, which is the bloodstream.

The nutrients will be carried away to be used by the body.

And this leaves behind dryer waste, which is the food in the sieve, and that represents the intestines.

Sofia then passes the waste food to be stored in the cup, which is the rectum, which has a small hole cut into it, which represents the anus.

She puts the second cup into this cup and pushes down, which pushes the dry waste out of the hole, which is the faeces leaving the body.

And finally, the waste, the faeces leaves the body onto the kitchen towel, which is the toilet.

So true or false, using model in science lessons can be helpful.

Is that true or false? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fabulous, well done, and the answer is true.

Now let's see if you can justify your answer.

So A, models can be used to demonstrate and explain things we don't want to write about, or B, models can be used to demonstrate and explain things that we are not able to see or experience for ourselves.

Again, I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fabulous, well done, the answer is B.

Now, task B for you is to create a model or use Sofia's ideas to show what happens in the human digestive system from the stomach to toilet.

So you're going to need to include partly digested food from the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus, and faeces.

And I want you to demonstrate your model in action and explain what is happening at each stage from the small intestine to the toilet.

So I'd like you to pause the video here and have a go at doing this activity.

Off you go.

Fabulous, well done.

So in my model, I used this equipment to represent, so the sieve was the intestines, the plate is the blood in the body.

The cups was the rectum, and then the whole cutout represented the anus.

The paper towel was the toilet.

So this is how I used the equipment to model digestion.

I poured the banana mixture from the plastic bag into the sieve, which represented the food entering the small intestines and the nutrients and water being absorbed.

The plate represented the blood, which carried away the nutrients and water to the rest of my body.

The sieve with the dry banana mixture now represented the large intestine, which absorbs any remaining water before helping to form solid waste, I poured this dry banana mixture into the cup for the rectum with a small hole for the anus.

I pushed the second cup down inside of it to show the muscles of the rectum squeezing out faeces onto the kitchen towel, the toilet.

And so this is how I used the equipment to model digestion.

Now, when you return to the diagram that you drew in task A and make any changes or add any new information that you have learned about the human digestive system, I want you to pause the video now and have a go at doing this.

Off you go.

Fabulous, well done.

So we have the mouth with the teeth, the muscle flap to block off the airway, your oesophagus, the stomach, and the stomach acid, small intestine when nutrients are absorbed.

Large intestine where water is absorbed and waste is formed into faeces and the rectum and anus where faeces are stored and then passed out of the body.

So let's do a quick summary of your learning today.

From the stomach, food moves through the small intestine where nutrients are absorbed through the walls.

Undigested foods travel through the large intestine where water is removed.

Waste is stored as faeces in the rectum and leaves the body through the anus.

Models can be used to demonstrate and explain things that we are not able to see or experience for ourselves.

You have worked so hard today.

I'm so proud of your fantastic effort and you have learned so many new things.

Well done.