Hi everyone, it's Miss Panchow here.

I'm so glad you decided to join me on today's science lesson.

So our lesson today is part of our bigger unit of learning on human development.

And we're going to think today about how human population growth is impacting our world.

So we've got lots of learning to do today.

So let's get started.

So the outcome for our lesson today is I can describe the impact of a growing population on our planet and make predictions for the future.

So we're gonna talk through some keywords now that we're going to use in the lesson today.

We've got population, life expectancy, impact, prediction and greenhouse gases.

Now, some of these words and phrases you may have actually heard of or seen or used in your other lessons, for example, in geography.

So you may already have a good understanding, but don't worry too much if you're not too sure because we're going to talk through what these words will mean, but also use them in our lesson today.

So I'm going to put up some of the definitions here.

And what I would like you to do is pause the video here and have a think with your talk partner.

Do you already know the definitions? I would like you to also have a go at reading out these definitions.

Maybe you can take interns with your partner.

One person reads one sentence, the other person reads the next.

Once you're ready to continue with the lesson, click play.

Good job, everyone.

So our lesson today is split up into three parts.

So the first part is about changes in global population.

Then we'll be thinking about representing data about population growth.

And then we'll be thinking about the impacts of population growth.

So let's get started with the first part of the lesson.

So how many people do you think are alive on earth today? Can you give me a guess? Well done, everyone.

How about a thousand years ago? Do you think it was more people that lived on earth or less people? How many people do you think were alive on earth in the year 1 CE? Great job, everyone.

So the number of people living in a particular place is called its population and the population on earth is currently around 8 billion people.

This is an approximate number.

So around a thousand years ago, scientists estimate that there were approximately 2.

75 million people living on earth.

So this is a population almost 3000 times smaller than it is today.

So let's do a check of our learning.

Approximately how many people are there living on earth today? Is it A, around 800,000, B, around 8 million, C, around 80 million, D, around 8 billion or E, around 80 billion? Have a think.

Great job, the answer is around 8 billion people.

So has been doing some research about population size.

So this is what she has researched.

Here are her findings.

So you've got the years 1995 all the way up to 2020 and the approximate population size in billions.

What do you notice about her findings? Pause the video here, talk with your talk partner.

What do you notice about her findings? Great job, so you notice that actually it increases over time.

So Sam's data shows that there has been an increase in the number of humans on earth over time.

And this is called population growth.

Why do you think the world's population is growing? So what I would like you to do is pause the video here and in small groups I would like you to create a mind map of all the different reasons you think that the population has been growing.

Great job, so there's lots of different reasons as to why the population is growing.

So there are lots of factors which contribute to population growth, but increasing life expectancy is the factor which is having the most impact.

So people are living longer because of better diets, more access to healthcare, and healthier lifestyles.

So regular exercise can contribute to a longer life expectancy.

Now life expectancy has increased over time, causing population sizes to increase too.

So a long time ago people weren't living as long, but now people are living much longer, which means our population is growing.

Let's do a check of our learning.

What is population growth? Is it A, the increase in height of the average human over time? B, the increase in the number of humans on earth over time? Or C, the increase in homes being built on earth over time? Which one do you think is correct? Great job, the answer is B.

So population growth is the increase in the number of humans on earth over time.

Well done, our next question.

Why has the global population increased over time? Is it because A people are living longer on average, B, people are much taller on average, or C people are moving to different countries more often? So why do we think global population is increased over time? Great, the answer is A, people are living longer on average.

Super job, everyone.

So let's move on to the first task of today's lesson.

So Jacob has seen a post on social media about population growth with lots of different people's ideas, which are scientifically correct? Can you correct the ones that are not? So I'm going to read to you some of the things that Jacob has seen online and you need to think about which of these statements is correct and which is not correct.

The ones that are not correct, I would like you to correct them so that they are scientifically correct.

So the first one says, "I heard that there are around 10 billion people living on earth today." The next statement says, "There are lots more people on earth now than there were hundreds of years ago." The next statement says, "I think that the population is actually decreasing." Another statement says, "Longer life expectancy has meant that populations have grown greatly." Another statement says, "The main reason for population growth is that people are having more children now." So think about these statements, which ones are true? And if they are false, I would like you to correct them so that they become correct.

Have a go at this task and we'll talk through the answers really soon.

Super job everyone, well done.

So the first statement, "I heard that there are around 10 billion people living on the earth." That is incorrect.

There are approximately 8 billion people living on earth today.

The next statement is correct.

"There are lots more people on earth now than there were hundreds of years ago." The next statement was incorrect, "I think that the population is actually decreasing." The population is actually increasing and has been for hundreds of years.

The next statement, "Longer life expectancy has meant that populations have grown greatly." That's correct, the next statement, "The main reason for population growth is that people are having more children now," that's incorrect.

The main factor contributing to population growth is increased average life expectancy.

Well done for having a go at that task everyone, super job.

So we first looked at the changes in global population.

So we're now going to think about representing data about population growth.

So Izzy carried out some research using secondary sources to find out how much the global population has changed over time.

So these are her findings.

So she found out in the year 1400 that approximate population size was about 350 million and she's looked at the years all the way up to 1700.

And we can see here that the population size has increased.

What do you notice about her data? So we know here and we can see that it's increased, but do you notice anything else? Great job, so Izzy noticed that her data shows the global population is getting larger over time, but not by the same amount each year.

She wonders which time periods have the largest increases.

How could she represent her data visually to make it easier to analyse and understand? Maybe you can think of different options for Izzy to complete, but how do you think she could represent her data? Super job, everyone.

So if you could use a line graph to show how earth's population has changed over time.

Now these are a few examples of line graphs, so maybe you've drawn a line graph before.

Let's do a check of our learning so far.

Why is a line graph useful for showing population changes? Is it because A, they are good for finding similarities, and differences? Is it B, they are good for comparing quantities? Or C, they are good for showing how things change over time? So why is a line graph useful for showing population changes? What do you think? Great job, the reason line graphs are really useful for showing population changes is is because it's really good for showing how things change over time.

So in the year 1400, the population was around 3.

5 million people.

To plot her data, Izzy first finds the date on the X-axis.

So we found the date 1400 and then she moves up to the population size on the Y-axis and then she makes a mark to show each data point.

So how I remember this, we go along the corridor and up the stairs.

So we go along the X-axis to find the date and then we go up the stairs to find the population size.

You now must make sure you make a mark to show each data point and I would highly recommend to do a little cross just like on the screen there.

After plotting all of her data points, Izzy draws a line between each point should to join them up, just like this.

Let's do a check of our learning order.

What are steps to plot population data over time on a line graph? So there's four different stages here and you need to order them in how to plot population data over time on a line graph.

So let me read the different steps to you.

So move up to the population size on the Y-axis.

Make a mark to show each data point.

Draw a line to join up each point and find the date on the X-axis.

So can you order these statements for me please? Super job, so we're gonna start off with number one.

So we find the date on the X-axis and then we move up to the population size on the Y-axis.

So remember along the corridor which is the X-axis and up the stairs, which is the Y-axis.

Number three, make a mark to show each point and I would definitely recommend to do a little cross.

And number four, draw a line to join up each point.

Super job, everyone.

So Izzy can use her graph to see her population grew more between some years than it did between others.

So Izzy says here I can see that population growth was greatest from 1600 to 1700 because the line is steeper.

So this line graph here is really helping Izzy to analyse the data that she's collected.

She can also use it to make predictions about data she has not yet gathered by following the pattern of the data and estimating where the next point will be.

So I think in 1800 the global population would have been about 7.

5 to 8 million.

Let's do a check of our learning.

Which of these can easy do using her line graph? A, make predictions for further values.

B, Explain reasons for population increase.

See how population growth was fastest or slowest Or see the global population in 2023.

So which of these things can Izzy do using her line graph? Great job, so she can actually make predictions for further values and she can see when population growth was fastest or slowest.

Good job everyone, well done.

So we're now going to move on to the next task.

So Aisha has done some research about population size in different years.

I would like you to now plot Aisha's data on a line graph.

So what I'd like you to do is get some squared paper and draw a line graph.

And if you would like to go back to the earlier example in the lesson to use as a guide and remember follow the correct steps in order to plot Aisha's data on a line graph.

I will show you an example really soon, but I want you to have a go yourself first.

Off you go.

Super job everyone, well done.

I know plotting a line graph is quite tricky as there's lots of different numbers to get your head around but you've all done such a fantastic job.

So your graph might have looked a little bit like this.

So we've got on the X-axis we've got the year and on the Y-axis you've got the global population in billions.

Well done, everyone.

So the next part of this task is I would like you to use your line graph to answer these questions.

So we've got three different questions here.

Do you think global population will increase or decrease from 2020 to 2040? Is population growth speeding up or slowing down? And what do you predict global population to be in 2040? So there's three questions I would like you to have a go at answering and I would like you to use your line graph to help you answer these.

You may want to have these as subheadings and I would like you to write in full sentences if you can.

We'll talk through some of the answers really soon.

Off you go.

Great job, everyone, well done.

So let's go through some example answers.

So A was do you think global population will increase or decrease in 2020 to 2040? So an example answer might be, I think it will probably increase because it has increased more over time in previous years.

Question B was, is population growth speeding up or slowing down? So an example answer might be, population growth is speeding up.

I can tell because the line on my graph is getting steeper.

And our third question was what do you predict global population to be in 2040? And an example answer might be, I predict there will be around 9.

5 billion people.

Did you get similar answers or did you get slightly different ones? Maybe you can compare your answers with your partner.

Well done for having a great go at this task.

I know drawing the line graph initially was quite tricky, but well done for persevering and well done for completing the answers to these questions.

So we're now going to move on to the last part of our lesson today.

So we're going to think about finally the impact of population growth.

So while population is increasing and scientists estimate it'll continue growing until around 2090.

What impact do you think this is having on our environment? So if our population is increasing and increasing, there's more and more people on this planet, what impact do you think this is having? And do you think it's having a positive impact or it's having a negative impact? How I think with your talk partner.

Excellent, everybody well done.

So the more people there are, the more food is needed.

This has a negative impact on wildlife as more land is needed for farming animals and growing crops.

So many plants and animals can lose their habitats as land is cleared for food production.

So a lot more deforestation would be happening 'cause the more people there are, the more food that would be needed.

And when deforestation occurs, that is ruining lots of habitats of animals and lots of loss of plants as well.

Let's do a check of our learning.

Why does increased demand for food have an impact on wildlife? Is it because A people hunt animals for sport? B, more areas of land are being cleared for farming? Or C food that animals could eat is being taken by humans? Which one do we think is correct? Great job, the answer is B.

So more areas of land are being cleared for farming.

So the more people there are, the more waste is also generated.

This waste can end up in the environment, threatening habitats for wildlife.

One example of this is plastic ending up in the ocean where it can be accidentally eaten by animals and cause damage to habitats.

So unfortunately there's lots and lots of plastic and rubbish in the oceans and in the waters and that means that unfortunately some of these animals do get caught up.

Greenhouse gases are gases which contribute to climate change.

And climate change is a great threat to many animals and plants because it is causing their habitats to change in ways that make it difficult for them to survive.

Can you think how population growth could impact the amount of greenhouse gases being produced? Have a think with your talk partner.

Great job, everyone, so the more people there are, the more electricity is used and the electricity generation produces greenhouse gases.

Now exhaust fumes from vehicles such as cars and planes also produce greenhouse gases.

And population growth means there are a lot more people travelling and more food being transported from place to place.

This in turn means more greenhouse gases are being produced.

So our planet is being more and more harmed.

Let's do another check of our learning.

Which of these increase and which decrease as the population grows? A, land for wild animal habitats, B, greenhouse gas production, C, electricity use, or D waste production? So which of these increase and which decrease as population grows? If you need to go back to the first couple of slides we've just gone through now to check your understanding.

Super job, so a land for wild animal habitats would decrease.

B, greenhouse gas production, that would increase.

C, electricity use, that would increase.

D, waste production that would increase.

Good job, everyone.

So our line graph suggested that the global population will continue to grow in future years, but Lucas is thinking, "What impact do you predict this will have on the environment?" So we know the population is going to be increasing, but what impact do we think this will have on the environment? So Lucas says, "I think it'll have a really negative impact because we will need to grow more food for all the extra people." Andeep says, "I don't think it will have much impact at all because we have more environmentally friendly transport now like electric cars." And Aisha says, "I think it'll have a lot of impact, but humans can reduce that impact by working hard to reduce greenhouse gas production." What do you think? So as Andeep said there, there are lots more environmentally friendly transport now.

So there's lots of electric cars now which produce less greenhouse gases.

However, there will still be greenhouse gases produced in lots of other ways and lots of other forms. So what do you think would happen? Great work, everyone, well done.

So let's move on to the next task now.

So we've got a few questions that I would like you to answer.

So question one says, how does population growth impact on habitats for wildlife, explain why? Question two says, how does population growth impact on greenhouse gas production, explain why? And question number three, what do you predict the impact of population growth on the environment will be over the next 50 years, explain why? So I would like you to pause the video here and I would like you to write a mini paragraph to explain and answer all three of these questions.

If you need to pause the video here and go back to a couple of the slides that we've gone through earlier, just to help you answer some of these questions.

Have a go and we'll talk through some of the example answers really soon.

Off you go.

Well done, everyone, for having a go at that task.

I know it was quite tricky as there was a lot of content we've covered in today's lesson, but well done for having a go.

So our first question was, how does population growth impact on habitats for wildlife, explain why? So an example answer is population growth has a negative impact on habitats for wildlife.

More food is needed as populations grow, meaning more habitats are destroyed to make room for farming animals and crops.

Animals are also impacted by increased waste, making their habitats dangerous.

Was your answer similar or was it a little bit different? Question two, how does population growth impact on greenhouse gas production, explain why? So you may have written something like this, population growth causes more greenhouse gases to be produced because more electricity is generated and more exhaust fumes are created by vehicles for travel and transportation.

Was your answer to question two similar to that? Well done for having a go.

Question three was, what do you predict the impact of population growth on the environment will be over the next 50 years, explain why? This is an example answer.

I predict that population growth will continue to have an impact on the environment as more greenhouse gases will be produced, more waste will be created, and more habitats will be destroyed to make way for farming.

However, I think we can lessen the impact by using resources more carefully.

For example, by eating less meat or by choosing to walk for short journeys instead of taking the car.

What do you predict? Can you give any suggestions of things we can do? Well done for having a go everybody.

That was the quite tricky questions, but I'm really impressed with all of your sentences.

So we've come towards the end of today's lesson now.

So we're going to do a summary of our learning.

So population growth is the increase in the number of humans on earth over time.

It has been caused by many factors, but mainly the increase in human life expectancy.

And we can plot data on a line graph to look for patterns and make predictions about population growth in the future.

And population growth can lead to increased demand for food, loss of habitats for wildlife, and more production of greenhouse gases.

So we've covered lots of learning today, all about the impact of population growth, but also factors that would impact the population growth and how this would affect our whole world.

Well done for all of your work today.

You've worked incredibly hard and we've covered lots of content today.

Have a great rest of the day and I'm sure I'll see you in the next science lesson really soon, bye-bye.