Hello, my name is Mrs. Mehrin, and I'm really excited to be learning all about thermal insulators with you.

And we are going to be doing and reviewing today.

Welcome to today's lesson from the unit, properties, changes, and separating materials.

Your learning outcome is I can carry out a comparative test and explain which cup is more suitable for keeping warm water warm.

Now, I know that learning can be a little bit challenging, but that's okay, because it just means that we are going to work really hard together and we're going to learn lots of fabulous new things.

Now, we are going to be touching upon your learning from the previous lesson all about thermal insulators.

So, here are your keywords for today's lesson.

I am going to be referring to the definitions and the keywords throughout today's lesson.

However, if you feel that you find it helpful to have these words and definitions written down, you can pause the video here and have a go at doing that.

Off you go.

Fabulous.

Well done.

So, our lesson today is split into two parts.

Let's begin with the first part, investigating thermal insulators.

Laura and Alex are putting on woolly hats because it's very cold outside and they want to keep their heads warm.

The woolly hats keep their heads warm, because they don't allow heat to pass through them easily.

They are good thermal insulators.

Now, a thermal insulator is material that does not allow heat to pass through easily, and scientists carry out different types of inquiries to answer questions.

Laura and Alex have decided to carry out a comparative test investigation to answer their inquiry question, which cup is most suitable for keeping warm water warm? Now, here is Laura and Alex's plan.

And you may have a plan as well if you did this, if you did the previous lesson.

So, Laura and Alex's plan was to pour 100 millilitres of warm water into three different types of cup.

As soon as the water is in each cup, measure the temperature of the water using a thermometer.

Record this as the temperature at zero minutes.

Time 10 minutes using a timer, and then measure and record the temperature of the water in each cup again.

And lastly, calculate the difference in temperature for the water in each cup.

So, Laura and Alex have drawn a diagram to show how they plan to set up their comparative test investigations.

So, they have their thermometers, they're 100 millilitres of warm water, the different cups that they are going to be testing out, and a timer.

Now, let's do a quick check-in of your learning before we continue.

Why do scientists carry out different types of inquiries? Is it, A, to help them sell products? B, to answer questions? Or, C, to win competitions? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic.

Well done.

The answer is B, to answer questions.

Now, Laura and Alex collect the equipment they will need to carry out their comparative test investigation.

So, Laura says, in our plan, we have said that we will use a timer to time for 10 minutes and a thermometer to measure the temperature of the water.

And Alex says, we will need to take accurate measurements when we carry out our investigation.

Now, scientists take accurate measurements using a range of scientific equipment.

For example, using a pipette or using a force metre.

Which scientific equipment have you used in your science lessons? I'll give you five seconds to have a quick think about it.

Off you go.

Fabulous.

Well done.

Now, Laura says, I can't remember exactly how to use a thermometer.

Can you help? What can Laura do to accurately use a thermometer? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic.

Well done.

So, Alex says, when a thermometer gets hotter, the coloured liquid inside it expands and fills up more of the tube.

And the number next to the top of the coloured liquid is the temperature.

Now, when you take the reading, there are some things you should do.

So, number one, have your eye level with the height of the liquid in the thermometer.

So, for example, in this first picture here, so that might mean that you might need to bend down, for example, to get in line with the height of the liquid in the thermometer.

What you don't want to do is look at the thermometer whilst you stood up and from above, because you're not going to get an accurate reading, and it will often look like the temperature is higher or lower if you do this.

Keep the thermometer in the water while it's taking the temperature reading, and don't lift it out to read it, because as soon as you lift it out of that warm water, the temperature is going to go down.

So, you need to keep it in the water, get down to eye level, and have a look at what the temperature is saying and take a reading whilst you are eye level and the thermometer is still in the liquid.

Now, which of these objects can be used to take accurate measurements? Is it, A, a hand lens, B, a magnet, C, a sieve, or, D, a thermometer? So, thinking about which of these objects can be used to take accurate measurements.

Okay, I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Well done.

The answer is D, a thermometer.

Now, here is your first task for today.

It says, carry out a comparative test investigation to answer the inquiry question, which cup is most suitable for keeping warm water warm? And remember, you're going to use your own plan from the last lesson that you did or Laura and Alex's plan.

Either one is fine.

And you're going to record your results in a table, and I'm going to show you what that looks like.

So, this could be a table that you use, so you could record your results in a table like this one here.

And you might not use a ceramic plastic and metal cup.

You might use different cups to these.

They don't have to be exactly the same.

So, what I'd like you to do now is to pause the video.

Remember you can rewind to have a look at the table and have a look at some examples of cups that are being used.

But you can choose your own material of cups as well.

So, I'd like you to pause the video here and have a go at doing this activity.

Off you go.

Wonderful.

Well done.

So, your results may be similar to this depending on which cups you used.

So, we can see here (clears throat) that the ceramic cup, the temperature at zero minutes for all of the cups were all exactly the same, which is exactly what we need.

After 10 minutes, I can see the ceramic cup is 42 degrees, the plastic cup is 46 degrees, and the metal cup is 44 degrees, and the difference in temperature is six, two, and four.

But yours may be different depending on which kinds of cups you use.

So, now, we are on to the second part of our learning today, which is scientists make conclusions.

Now, the findings from an investigation can be summarised into a conclusion.

And to do this, scientists need to make sense of their findings and answer their inquiry question.

They also try to explain why the results show what they do by linking them to existing scientific ideas.

Now, it says, do you agree with Alex's conclusion based on their results? So, he's put the water in the ceramic cup had the lowest end temperature.

So, this cup was most suitable for keeping the warm water warm.

So, have a look at Alex's statement.

Is he correct or is he incorrect? What do you think? Okay, I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fabulous.

Well done.

So, thermal insulators helps keep warm things warm and cold things cold.

Alex was wrong, because the cup, the ceramic cup, actually made the warm water colder by the end of the 10 minutes.

So, actually, it wasn't the best cup to keep his warm water warm.

Now, the best thermal insulator is the cup where the temperature of warm water will have changed the least.

So, here, we can see the temperature changes in the different cup.

So, there was a six-degree difference in the ceramic cup, which meant that it got six degrees colder after 10 minutes in the ceramic cup.

It got two degrees colder in the plastic cup and four degrees colder in the metal cup.

So, Laura says, we need to look at the difference in water temperature at the start and end of our test.

The most suitable cup for keeping warm water warm will have the smallest temperature difference.

So, we can see here the temperature changes in the different cups.

Now, the children discussed thermal insulators further, and Alex says, my conclusion is the plastic cup was the most suitable cup for keeping warm water warm.

And Laura says, our results suggest that the plastic cup is the best thermal insulator of all the cups we tested.

Now, what do the results of your investigation suggest? So, remember, you may have chosen to use different material cups.

So, have a look at yours.

What do your results, what are the results of your investigation suggest? Fantastic.

Well done.

So, let's do a quick check-in of your learning.

It says, the findings from an investigation can be summarised into a what? A method, prediction, conclusion, or diagram.

I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Wonderful, well done.

The answer is C, the findings from an investigation can be summarised into a conclusion.

Now, here is task B.

It says, use your results from task A to write your own conclusion to the inquiry question, which cup is the most suitable for keeping warm water warm? I want you to use your understanding of thermal insulators to help explain your results.

So, I'd like you to pause the video here and have a go at doing this activity.

Off you go.

Wonderful.

Well done.

So, you may have a similar response to Laura's.

She put, the plastic cup kept the water the warmest, because it had the smallest change in water temperature two degrees.

The ceramic and metal cups were not as good at keeping the warm water warm, because the change in water temperature was greater than in the plastic cup.

Thermal insulators slow down the speed of temperature change, so this would suggest the plastic cup was the most suitable thermal insulator.

So, Laura has given a fantastic conclusion here.

She's explained which one had the smallest change in temperature and what that was.

She's explained why the other two cups weren't as good.

And then, she's also explained what thermal insulators do to the speed of temperature.

So, really fantastic, fantastic conclusion from Laura here.

Now, we are onto the summary of your learning today.

Scientists carry out different types of inquiries to answer questions.

Scientists take accurate measurements using a range of scientific equipment.

The findings from an investigation can be summarised into a conclusion.

Now, I am so proud of your fantastic work today.

You have tried really hard, you've done a fantastic investigation, and written a brilliant conclusion.

Well done.