- Hi everyone, my name is Miss Hummel, and together we'll be answering the question, what are medicinal drugs? In this lesson, we will learn what drugs are and therefore what medicinal drugs are.

We will learn about different examples of medicinal drugs including painkillers, antibiotics, and anaesthetics.

Finally, we will apply our knowledge on medicinal drugs to different scenarios.

This lesson covers medicinal drugs.

If this is a sensitive topic for your child, then please make sure that they're adequately supervised.

Our lesson will follow this structure.

First, we will recap our previous knowledge.

Then we will learn about what medicinal drugs are.

We will follow that with looking at different types of medicine.

Finally, we will complete some application questions.

In this lesson, you will need an exercise book or paper, a pencil or pen, a coloured pencil or pen, and a ruler.

If you haven't got these things, pause the video now and go get them.

Here are star words, which are the most important words of our lesson.

I'm going to say them and ask you to repeat them after me.

When I point it myself, it will be my turn, and when I point at you, it will be your turn.

Medicine, medicinal, drugs, chemical, painkillers, anaesthetic, antibiotics, bacteria, virus, well done.

We will begin by recapping our previous knowledge.

Let's begin by answering this question, what happens to the fibres in our muscles when they're used a lot or they need to create a large force? Pause the video to answer the question and get ready to mark your work when you resume.

When we use our muscles a lot or use them to create a large force, for example, by lifting a heavy weight, the fibres in the muscle tear a little bit.

You have two more questions to answer here.

First, how do muscles get energy to contract? And second, what happens to your heart rate during exercise? Why? Pause the video to complete them and you can resume when you're finished.

Get ready to mark your work, muscles get sugar and oxygen from the bloodstream to help them contract, heart rate increases during exercise as the muscles need more nutrients like sugar.

Now answer this question, why do you breathe more quickly when you exercise? Pause the video to answer the question and resume once you've finished.

Get ready to mark your work.

Breathing increases as muscles need more oxygen and produce more waste carbon dioxide.

You inhale to get more oxygen and exhale to let go of carbon dioxide waste.

Our final recap question is what are the seven essential nutrients? Pause the video and resume when you're ready to mark.

They were carbohydrates, protein, fat, fibre, vitamins, minerals, and water, well done, if you've got all seven.

Let's learn now about medicinal drugs.

First, we need to learn this definition.

A drug is a chemical that has an effect on the body.

Now repeat after me, a drug is a chemical that has an effect on the body.

Most drugs are used to treat illness, these drugs are called medicines.

Answer these questions to see if you remember, pause the video and resume when you're ready to mark.

So a drug is, and most drugs are used to? A drug is a chemical that has an effect on the body.

And most drugs are used to treat illness, these drugs are called medicines.

Medicines can be harmful if taken for the wrong illness or by the wrong person.

This is why doctors and pharmacists have an important job to make sure that people take medicine correctly.

Medicines can also be addictive.

You've probably heard of that word before.

Addictive means that you feel like you cannot stop using something, even when you know it's not good for you.

Now answer these questions.

First, when can medicines be harmful? Second, which professions have important jobs ensuring people take medicine correctly? And third, what does addictive mean? Get ready to mark your work after resuming video.

Medicines can be harmful if taken for the wrong illness or by the wrong person, doctors and pharmacists have an important job to make sure that people take medicine correctly.

Medicines can be addictive.

Addictive means that you feel like you can't stop using something, even when you know it's not good for you.

Now, let's discuss these different types of medicine.

First, I would like you to think, can you name any different types of medicine? Maybe you've taken some or maybe you know someone who has.

You may have been thinking about one of these three.

So there are a lot of different types of medicines.

These are three we're going to focus on painkillers, antibiotics, and anaesthetics.

Now it's important to note that pain killers and antibiotics look very similar because they're often taken in the form of a pill.

Anaesthetics can vary so people could get it as an injection.

Some people may inhale it or they may have an anaesthetic cream applied.

However, they do all serve the same function.

So let's go through them one by one.

First, we will learn about painkillers.

Painkillers are medicines that help the symptoms of an illness.

For example, a headache.

Painkillers do not cure the disease or illness, but may relieve the symptoms. Examples include paracetamol, ibuprofen, and aspirin.

Now answer these questions.

First, write two examples of painkillers.

And second, what do painkillers do? You can pause the video to complete those questions and you can resume when you've finished.

Now you could have given several examples.

However, you might have said one of the two of these paracetamol, ibuprofen, or aspirin.

Then we've got painkillers are medicines that help the symptoms of an illness.

For example, a headache.

However, they do not cure the disease or illness.

Let's move on to antibiotics.

Antibiotics are medicines that kill bacteria, which are tiny organisms that cause some illness.

We've got a picture there, a very zoomed in picture of what bacteria can look like.

Antibiotics can cure illnesses, however they cannot cure all illnesses and diseases.

For example, some colds are not caused by bacteria, and then antibiotics wouldn't work.

- [Instructor] Alexander Fleming was born in Scotland.

At the age of 20, he decided to go to medical school and become a doctor.

While studying influenza, Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin.

He was clearing away some old petri dishes, when he noticed the bacteria he had grown were being killed by a mould.

He called this mould, penicillin.

Two other scientists, Howard Flory and Ernst Chain works on how to produce penicillin as a drug.

In 1945, Fleming, Flory and Chain were awarded the Nobel prize for medicine.

Antibiotics are now available as tablets, capsules, medicine, creams, lotions, sprays, drops, and injections.

Penicillin juices and antibiotic has saved many lives.

It can be used to treat or prevent some types of bacterial infection by killing bacteria or preventing them from spreading.

Antibiotic resistance has become a big problem.

So doctors only prescribe them to treat bacterial infections that are unlikely to clear up on their own, could infect to others, could take too long to clear without treatment, or carry a risk of more serious complications.

Antibiotics do not work for everything.

They do not work for viral infections, such as colds and flu and most coughs and sore throats.

- I really enjoyed that video, I definitely learned a lot.

Now answer these questions.

First, how is an antibiotic different from a painkiller? And second, why don't antibiotics cure all diseases and illnesses? You can resume the video when you're ready to check your work.

Now painkillers cannot cure a disease, but antibiotics can, and also, antibiotics cannot cure all diseases because they only work for diseases caused by bacterias.

They do not work in viruses, for example.

Finally, the third type of medicine we're looking at are anaesthetics.

Anaesthetics are medicines used to give a temporary loss of sensations.

They are used when people have operations so that they're not in any pain, for example, often in dentistry, so when you go to the dentist, they may remove things like wisdom teeth or different teeth and they may put someone under anaesthetic.

Now answer these questions to show that you've got some understanding about anaesthetics.

First, when are anaesthetics useful and what is their effect on the body? Second, how are anaesthetics similar to painkillers? Third, how are they different? Now pause the video to write down your answers and you can resume the video once you're done.

Get ready to mark your work.

So, they are useful to have in operations because it gets rid of sensations, they numb all sensations.

Two, they are similar to painkillers because they both get rid of pain in some way or other.

How are they different though? Well aesthetics get rid of all feelings or sensations, not just pain.

So, it may be that you cannot feel a whole region of your body.

Finally, we're going to complete some application questions.

First, you should complete this table by ticking which medicine each patient should take.

You should do this based on the information that you have heard about painkillers, antibiotics, and anaesthetics.

The first patient is Anna, who has some food poisoning, it's caused by the bacteria, salmonella.

Should she use a painkiller, antibiotic, or anaesthetic? Then we've got Sami.

Sami has stomach cramps, the cause is unknown.

Should he use a painkiller, antibiotic, or anaesthetic? Amira has a broken bone, she needs an operation.

Should she use a painkiller, antibiotic, or anaesthetic? Now get ready to mark your work after resuming the video.

So Anna should use an antibiotic because antibiotics can target bacteria.

Sami can use a pain killer as it will help his pain.

Amira should be put under anaesthetic for her operation.

And Lucas will need to take pain killers, as antibiotic will not work on a virus.

Your final activity is to read the case study and write a paragraph deciding what the doctor should do for Ali.

Ali came to see the doctor with a headache.

Ali had travelled to a country where there was a bacteria causing lots of people to get bad headaches.

Ali's doctor does not know if Ali has the illness or not.

So that's a bit of a tricky one.

There are a few possibilities and things that you can mention.

We have now finished our lesson and it is time for you to complete your exit quiz.

You need to exit the video and complete the quiz to test your knowledge and understanding of this lesson.

I hope you enjoyed the lesson.

Bye.