Hello, my name is Mrs. Mehrin and I am really looking forward to learning all about carbon capture with you.

Let's begin.

Welcome to today's lesson from the unit climate change and sustainability.

Your learning outcome is: I can describe how scientists and engineers are creating new ways to store carbon dioxide underground.

Now, I know that learning can sometimes be a little bit challenging, but that's okay because it just means that we are going to work really hard together and we're going to learn some fabulous new things.

Let's begin.

So here are your five keywords for today's lesson.

Now, alongside these keywords are your definitions as well.

Now I am going to be referring to these definitions throughout today's lesson.

However, if you find it helpful, you can pop the video on pause now and you can jot these down.

Off you go.

Fantastic.

Well done.

So our lesson today is split into two parts.

Let's begin with the first part, capturing carbon dioxide.

Now, Izzy says, "I know that plants need some carbon dioxide to survive, but I saw in the news that the air around earth is warming up because the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is rising.

Is there a way to change this?" And the scientist says, "Yes, scientists and engineers are trying different ways to remove some carbon dioxide from the atmosphere." Now, human activities release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere in many different ways.

So for example, electricity pollution is responsible for 25% of carbon dioxide being released into the atmosphere.

Food and agriculture is 24%, industry is 21%, transportation is 14%, buildings is 6%, and other at 10%.

Now, fossil fuels contain carbon.

When they are burned, the carbon from the fossil fuel reacts with the oxygen in the air to produce carbon dioxide, which is released into the atmosphere.

And coal and petrol are both forms of fossil fuels, and industry burns these fossil fuels.

Now, there are many ways that we are using low or no carbon energy sources as ways to reduce greenhouse gases.

So we have wind turbines, for example, solar panels or hydro dam, and you may have come across these before.

Now, while low or no carbon technologies are being developed, we are still using some fossil fuels.

So we rely on fossil fuels to heat our homes and for vehicle fuel.

We also use it for things like cooking as well.

And removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere does reduce greenhouse gases.

Now let's do a quick check-in of your learning so far.

And it says, removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere reduces what? Is it A, tidal waves, B, greenhouse gases, or C, oxygen? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic.

Well done.

The answer is B, greenhouse gases.

Now scientists and engineers are creating ways to capture some of the carbon dioxide we produce then store it underground.

And Izzy says, "How can scientists capture carbon dioxide?" What do you think? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic.

Well done.

So when we breathe in air, our body uses some of the oxygen and produces carbon dioxide as waste gas.

And blowing up a balloon allows us to trap carbon dioxide and other gases inside.

Now this scientist says, "In a similar way, scientists use special equipment to collect the carbon dioxide produced by industry.

This is called carbon capture." Now, Izzy says, "Is there space to store this carbon dioxide underground? Won't it change the shape of the ground we stand on?" Now in some areas, the ground contains salt and water is pumped in to dissolve the salt and remove it, leaving small spaces behind.

And here we've got a diagram to show that.

So this is the space that was left from the removal of salt.

Now scientists and engineers have investigated using these holes to store carbon dioxide.

Now, quick checking of your learning.

True or false, scientists and engineers are creating ways to store carbon dioxide underground? Is that true or false? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic.

Well done.

The answer is true.

Now, using spaces left behind after removing underground salt, scientists and engineers can store carbon dioxide underground, which I think is pretty cool.

Now here is your first activity.

It says, capture the carbon dioxide released from bicarbonate of soda when it's mixed with vinegar.

Now you are going to need vinegar, bicarbonate of soda, a balloon, a small bottle, a funnel, and a teaspoon.

And the method is, so step A is you're going to use a funnel to pour one teaspoon of bicarbonate of soda into the balloon.

Next, you are going to pour 50 millilitres of vinegar into the bottle and attach the balloon to the top of the bottle without tipping out the powder.

You're going to lift the balloon upright so the bicarbonate of soda falls into the bottle.

So what I'd like you to do now is just to pause the video here and have a go at doing this.

Remember, you can rewind the video as well.

Okay, off you go.

So now that you've done it, this is what should have happened when you were capturing that carbon dioxide and it should have blown up the balloon just like this.

Now the next step is to explain the model and why capturing carbon dioxide from industries that burn fossil fuels is a good idea.

So again, I'll give you some time now, I'd like you to pause the video and have a go.

Think about why capturing carbon dioxide from industries that are burning those fossil fuels is a good idea.

I'll give you some time now.

Off you go.

Fantastic.

Well done.

So when you mix bicarbonate of soda with vinegar, carbon dioxide is produced and the balloon traps the carbon dioxide inside.

Now capturing carbon dioxide before it enters the atmosphere reduces the amount of greenhouse gases being added to the atmosphere, which may help to stop global temperatures rising.

Now we are on to the second part of your learning, which is storing carbon dioxide.

So storing carbon dioxide comes with many challenges.

Gases take up more space than solids or liquids.

Andeep says, "I have learned about carbon dioxide in the gas state, but can it change state and become a solid or a liquid too?" Well, although we regularly learn about carbon dioxide in the gas state, it can exist in solid and liquid states too.

So in its solid state, it's commonly called dry ice.

And liquid carbon dioxide behaves like a runny oil and is what is used inside some fire extinguishers.

So for underground carbon storage, liquid carbon dioxide is the best option because it takes up less space.

Now, liquid carbon dioxide doesn't exist in our atmosphere, so scientists need to use equipment to compress and cool it.

Compressing basically means when you're squeezing to reduce the size of something.

Now, compressing carbon dioxide from the gas into a liquid decreases the space it takes up, meaning more of it can be placed into storage, just like this.

Now let's do a quick check-in of your learning so far.

So something carbon dioxide gas turns it into a liquid.

So is it A, releasing carbon dioxide turns it into a liquid, B, burning carbon dioxide gas turns it into a liquid, or C, compressing carbon dioxide gas turns it into a liquid? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic.

Well done.

The answer is C, compressing.

Now, using carbon dioxide in its liquid state does what? A, takes up less space for storage.

B, takes up more space for storage, or C, takes up the same amount of space for storage? Again, I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic.

Well done.

The answer is A, it takes up less space for storage.

Now, Andeep says, "Can carbon dioxide be stored anywhere under the ground?" Now, carbon dioxide can be stored in any underground rocks that have tiny holes in, like where salt has been taken out from the ground under the North of England.

And you can see the North of England here on this map of the UK.

Now, scientists have identified that the rocks under the North Sea are also a prime location for carbon dioxide storage.

Now, Andeep says, "I wonder why the ground under the North Sea has been identified as a good place to store carbon dioxide." Well, under the North Sea, natural gas has been taken out leaving tiny spaces between the rocks, which is where liquid carbon dioxide can be stored, just like this.

Now, carbon dioxide is not necessarily dangerous.

It is in the air that we breathe, but it can cause problems as levels in our atmosphere rise.

And capturing and storing carbon dioxide is being used to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

And this scientist says, "The process of removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere has been named carbon capture and storage or CCS for short by scientists and industry." Now let's do a quick check-in of your learning before we continue.

And it says, where are scientists and engineers planning to store carbon dioxide? Is it A, under the North Sea, B, under the Atlantic Ocean, or C, under the Mediterranean Sea? So I'd like to use the map on the right hand side and see if it helps you to remember.

Okay, I'll give you five seconds.

Off you go.

Fantastic.

Well done.

The answer is under the North Sea.

Now here is task B and it says Izzy and Andeep are discussing capturing and storing carbon dioxide.

Andeep says, "Because carbon dioxide can be captured and stored underground, we can continue to burn fossil fuels and drive everywhere in cars." Now, Izzy doesn't agree with Andeep.

Explain what Izzy might say as her response.

What do you think she might say? I'll give you some time now that you're to pause the video, have another read through if you need to, and then have a go at doing this activity.

Off you go.

Fantastic.

Well done.

So Izzy may say, "I think just because we can doesn't mean that we should.

The reason scientists are creating ways to capture carbon dioxide is because the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is rising.

And we should be making choices which help to reduce them, like switching to low or no carbon energy sources while industry is developing technologies for carbon capture and storage." Now, was your answer similar to Izzy's? So now we are on to the summary of your learning today and it says, removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere reduces greenhouse gases.

Scientists and engineers are creating new ways to store carbon dioxide underground, including under the North Sea.

Compressing carbon dioxide gas turns it into a liquid and takes up less space for storage.

You have worked so hard today.

I'm so proud of your fantastic work and your excellent critical thinking.

Well done.