Hi, everyone.

My name is Ms. Panchal, and I'm really excited and glad that you decided to join me on this science lesson.

So our lesson today is going to be focusing on fossil fuels, and this is part of our bigger units of learning on climate change and sustainability.

Now, some of you might already know a little bit about fossil fuels, but don't worry too much if you're not too sure because we're going to go through lots of examples and lots of learning to help you understand this.

Now, let's get started with the lesson because you've got lots of learning to do today.

So, the outcome for my lesson today is I can recognise that the remains of living things became fuels over millions of years ago and that fossil fuels are non-renewable.

So here, we've got some keywords that we're going to be using in our lesson today.

So we've got fossil fuel, burn, non-renewable, soot, and carbon dioxide.

So, what I'd like you to do is pause the video here.

Firstly, I'd like you to read the definitions to yourself, and then I'd like you to take in turns with your partner to read out the definitions to each other.

Once you've done that, click play, and we'll start with the lesson.

Off you go.

Great reading, everybody.

Well done.

So, our lesson today is split up into two parts.

So, the first part of the lesson, we're going to be looking at fossil fuels and looking at some examples, and then we're going to be moving on to learning about using fossil fuels.

So, let's get started with the first part of our lesson.

So Andeep, Jun, and Sofia have lots of questions about fossil fuels.

Andeep says, "What are fossil fuels?" Jun says, "Is it bad to use fossil fuels?" And Sofia says, "Are fossil fuels made of fossils?" Do you have any questions about fossil fuels? So what I'd like you to do is on a Post-it note on a whiteboard, I'd like you to write down any questions you have about fossil fuels and keep those to the side because hopefully, we'll be able to answer them throughout our lesson today.

So, jot down any questions you have about fossil fuels.

Great questions, everybody.

Well done.

Now remember, keep those to the side because hopefully, we'll be able to answer those during our lesson today.

So a fuel is a substance that can be burned to give out heat.

And for example, wood can be burned to heat up a room when it's very cold on a cold winter's day.

Fossil fuels are fuels formed from the remains of living things over millions of years.

Millions of years ago, the remains of dead plants and sea creatures settled on the sea bed, so right at the bottom of the sea.

And over time, many layers of rock built up over them.

So we can see right at the bottom of the sea there, we've got remains of different organisms, different plants, and different sea creatures, and we can see that over time, layers of rock have built up on top of them.

Pressure from the rock and heat from the centre of the Earth caused these remains to change into different substances.

So initially, they were remains of creatures and plants, but actually, from the pressure of the rock and the heat from the centre of the Earth caused those to change into different substances, such as coal, oil, and natural gas.

So we can see here the original remains and how it's been changed into different substances now.

These are fossil fuels.

We can see there the fossil fuels at the bottom of the sea bed.

Think about Sofia's question.

Sofia says, "Are fossil fuels made of fossils?" And we've got a picture of fossils here.

What do you think? So, pause the video here.

Have a discussion with your talk partner.

What do you think about Sofia's question? Are fossil fuels made of fossils? What do you think? Excellent.

So fossils are the remains or imprints of living things that are sometimes preserved in rock.

Fossil fuels are fuels that are formed from the remains of living things that have changed into different substances over millions of years.

So Sofia says, "So fossil fuels are made from the remains of living things, not fossils." Let's do a check of our learning.

What are fossil fuels? A, fuels made from ancient fossils, B, fuels formed from the remains of living things, or C, fuels that are very old and have become fossilised.

Which is the correct answer, A, B, or C? Brilliant.

The answer is B.

So, fossil fuels are fuels formed from the remains of living things.

Let's move on, shall we? So coal, natural gas, and crude oil are fossil fuels.

We've got coal here, natural gas burning, and we've got crude oil.

Now, the type of fossil fuel depends on the type of living thing it was formed from and the amount of heat and pressure it has undergone.

Let's do another check of our learning.

Different types of fossil fuel were formed from different amounts of heat and pressure and A, different types of living thing, B, different species of dinosaurs, or C, different years in history.

Which one do we think is the correct answer, A, B, or C? Brilliant.

The answer is A.

So, different types of fossil fuel were formed from different amounts of heat and pressure and different types of living thing.

Super job.

So coal is a solid fossil fuel formed in swamps from the remains of plants and algae.

We can see an example of algae here on the screen.

Over time, layers of mud and rock built up on top of the remains.

And over millions of years, pressure from the material and rock above and heat from the centre of the Earth caused these remains to form coal.

So we've got the pressure, but we've also got the heat from the centre of the Earth.

Those two things are causing the remains to then form coal.

Let's move on to crude oil now.

So crude oil is a liquid fossil fuel formed from the remains of microorganisms that lived under the sea.

And we've got an example here of crude oil and it's a liquid.

Over time, layers of mud and rock built up on top of the remains.

And over millions of years, pressure from the material and rock above and heat from the centre of the Earth caused these remains to form crude oil.

So again, we've got the pressure and we've also got the heat from the centre of the Earth, causing these remains to form crude oil.

So crude oil is a liquid, whereas coal, the example we just looked at before, is a solid.

Let's move on.

Natural gas is also formed from the remains of microorganisms that lived underwater.

It is formed in a similar way to crude oil but requires higher temperatures.

Let's do a check of our learning.

Which of these are fossil fuels? A, electricity, B, natural gas, C, crude oil, D, wood, E, coal.

Which of these are fossil fuels? If you need to, go back over the last few slides to go over our learning before you answer the question.

When you're confident with your answers, click play, and we'll go through the answers.

Great work, everyone.

So, the fossil fuels in this list here are natural gas, crude oil, and coal.

Well done, everyone.

So, let's go to the first task of this lesson.

Are these statements correct or incorrect? So we've got five different statements here and I want you to decide whether they're correct or incorrect.

So first, I'm going to read the statements to you.

A, fossil fuels are made of fossils, B, high pressure and high temperatures are needed for fossil fuels to form, C, fossil fuels take around 10 years to form, D, natural gas, crude oil, and coal are types of fossil fuels, and E, different types of fossil fuel are formed from different types of remains.

So we've got five different statements there.

So, if you'd like to, you can ask an adult to print this slide out for you and you can tick in the correct box or you can write out the statements yourself.

It's completely up to you.

So pause the video here, have a go at this task, and we'll go through the answers really soon.

Off you go.

Brilliant work, everybody.

Well done.

So, let's go through the answers.

So fossil fuels are formed of fossils and we know that is not correct.

High pressure and high temperatures are needed for fossil fuels to form, and we do know that is correct.

Fossil fuels take around 10 years to form.

We know that's incorrect 'cause it takes lots and lots of time and over millions of years for these to form.

Natural gas, crude oil, and coal are types of fossil fuels.

We know that's correct.

And we know that different types of fossil fuel are formed from different types of remains and we know that is true as well.

Well done by having a good go at this task, everybody.

Well done.

So we've finished the first part of our lesson, where we've learned about fossil fuels, and we're now going to be moving on to using fossil fuels.

Fossil fuels are used for many different things.

For example, generating electricity so fossil fuels are used in this power station here.

They're also used for cooking, so we cook with natural gas on our stove.

And they're also used for transport, putting petrol in a car.

Let's do a check of our learning.

Fossil fuels are used for A, heating, B, solar panels, C, transport, D, food sources, E, generating electricity.

So fossil fuels are used for? Which ones do you think? Brilliant.

So fossil fuels are used for A, heating, C, transport, and E, generating electricity.

Super job, everybody.

Well done.

So, the use of fossil fuels has increased greatly since the 1800s.

And Andeep is saying, "Why are we using more fossil fuels now than we did in the past?" What do you think? So, talk to your partner about what Andeep is asking.

Why do we think we're using more fossil fuels now than we did in the past? Brilliant effort, everybody, and great ideas.

So fossil fuel use has increased because there are more people now on the planet.

So, more people on the planet means that more electricity is needed for technology and more cars and transport are needed.

So because there are more people on the planet, the use of fossil fuels has actually increased quite a lot.

And obviously, the more people there are, the more technology is used, the more electronic devices are being used.

And often, one individual person might actually use multiple different electronic devices throughout their day, but also more people, meaning that there's more cars and transport are needed to get people from one place to another.

Let's do a check of our learning.

True or false? Fossil fuels have been used less and less since the 1800s.

Do we think that's true or false? Brilliant.

We know that this is false.

Can anyone tell me why this statement is false? And maybe you can change it so that the statement is now true.

Have a go.

Excellent.

So, we know that fossil fuels have actually been used increasingly since the 1800s as there are more people living on Earth than before.

So, actually, it's that fossil fuels have been used more since the 1800s, not less.

So, although fossil fuels are very useful, there are some disadvantages to using them.

So, fossil fuels are non-renewable, which means they cannot be replaced once they're used up.

So once fossil fuels have been used, we can't get them back again.

We can't use them again.

That's it.

Jun says, "There are plenty of living things alive now whose remains could become fossil fuels.

Doesn't that mean fossil fuels are renewable?" What do you think? Have a think with your talk partner.

So, although more fossil fuels may be formed in the future from the remains of organisms that are alive now, it will take millions of years.

It takes a long, long time for fossil fuels to be formed, and it's not going to be something that happens overnight.

So, humans are currently using fossil fuels at a much faster rate than they are being formed, meaning these resources will eventually run out.

So, the rates at which the fossil fuels are being formed to the rates at which humans are using them are not balanced.

So that means the fossil fuels are going to be used up, but what are we going to use instead? So fossil fuels release substances into the air when they are burnt, and some of these substances can be harmful to the environment, including carbon dioxide, which may contribute to global warming, which also carbon dioxide is known as CO2.

In addition to that, soot can be produced, which can coat buildings and actually cause breathing problems for humans and animals as well.

Let's do a check of our learning.

What substances are produced when fossil fuels are burned? A, carbon dioxide, B, oxygen, C, air, D, coal, E, soot.

So, what substances are produced when fossil fuels are burned? Have a go.

Great.

So the answer is A, carbon dioxide, and E, soot.

And these two can be very harmful to humans and to the environment as well.

Sofia says, "If fossil fuels can have a negative impact on the environment, and they are running out, why are they still used?" What do you think? Pause the video and have a little bit of thinking time on your own.

So if we know that fossil fuels are having a negative impact on the environment, and they're running out, why on Earth are we still using them? What do you think? Great ideas.

So, for many years, fossil fuels have been used to power many of the things we use every day.

Think about how your life would be different if you suddenly couldn't use any electrical devices like lights, televisions, or even your fridge.

Hospitals, schools, and factories, and shops are also full of technology that relies on electricity.

So fossil fuels have been used for so many years now that people have gotten used to it.

So, all these things that we use in our everyday life, for example, even putting the lights on in the bathroom when we're going to brush our teeth in the morning, okay? Something such as small as that may not be the case and imagining a life without that would be very, very different.

Think about our alarm clock going up in the morning, a phone call to make, a phone you're using, at school, maybe a whiteboard you're using or an iPad.

There are lots of different things that we use in our day that actually, if they were taken away, we couldn't use them, our lives would be very, very different.

If we stopped using all fossil fuels right now, we would not be able to power all of these devices.

So there are some other ways that we can power these devices, but right at this moment, we would not be able to power all of those devices.

Scientists and engineers are developing other ways to generate electricity, such as using wind or light from the sun.

One day, we may be able to generate all of our electricity without burning any fossil fuels, but in the meantime, we should be thoughtful about our use of vehicles and equipment that rely on the use of fossil fuels.

So it's really important that we make good choices about how we go from one place to another in terms of our transport.

And if you can walk or take your scooter or bike, then it's important that you do that.

And it's important we make good choices about our technology and making sure we're turning them off when we're not using them to save electricity to make sure we're not creating or causing any additional harm to our planet.

Let's do a check of our learning.

Why has the amount of fossil fuels we used increased greatly since the 1800s? Is it because A, burning fossil fuels has become better for the environment in modern times, B, there are more fossil fuels available now, or C, we use more equipment powered by fossil fuels now? Which do we think is the correct answer? A, B, or C? Brilliant.

The answer is C, we use more equipment powered by fossil fuels now.

Let's move on to the next task.

So what I'd like you to do is I'd like you to identify 10 things you use at home and/or at school that may be powered by burning fossil fuels.

So post the video here and write down your 10 different things.

Off you go.

Great work, everyone.

I can see you've thought really hard about identifying, writing down your different things.

So, let's look at an example.

So Andeep here has written, "Fridges, televisions, game consoles, kettles, lights, toasters, and computers all run on electricity, which may have been generated by burning fossil fuels.

My oven and boiler run on natural gas.

My mom's car runs on petrol, which comes from crude oil." So, did you get any similar ideas to Andeep, or did you get some different ones? Maybe you can compare your work with your partner.

Maybe you wrote down some similar ideas, or maybe you wrote down some different ones.

But a huge well done to you all for having a go at this task.

Let's move on to the next part of this task.

Who do you agree with? Explain why.

So Lucas says, "We should keep using fossil fuels as much as we want." Laura says, "We should use fossil fuels carefully and avoid it if we can." And Alex says, "We should stop using fossil fuels completely right now." So, who do you agree with and why? Maybe you can write down your answer as a paragraph or you can maybe record yourself and your partner talking to each other about who you agree with.

Off you go.

Great.

So Andeep says, "I agree with Laura because fossil fuels are non-renewable and burning them can damage the environment.

I don't think we should use as much as we want without thinking because then they might run out before we have found alternative sources to generate electricity.

I don't think we should stop right now because then there wouldn't be enough electricity to run our homes and important buildings like hospitals." So it's really important that we still actively are looking and researching into alternative ways to generate electricity, but we can't put a stop to fossil fuels at right this second because society would not run and our world would be a very, very different place.

So, let's do a summary of our learning 'cause we've come to the end of our lesson today.

So a fossil fuel is a natural fuel formed from the remains of living things over millions of years, such as coal, natural gas, and crude oil.

Fossil fuels are non-renewable, which means they cannot be replaced once they have been used up.

Fossil fuels are used to power a large number of devices and appliances we use every day.

And burning fossil fuels produces carbon dioxide and tiny pieces of solid matter, such as soot.

So we've learned lots of different things about fossil fuels today and hopefully, as we move on into the years as our world and planet, we work on researching lots of different alternatives to generate our different devices and how we can live in a more sustainable way, but actually, we can think about protecting our planet instead.

So, a huge well done to all of you.

You've worked incredibly hard in this lesson, and I've been so impressed with all of your learning.

I hope you have a great rest of the day and I'm sure I'll see you really soon in the next lesson.

Buh-bye.