Hi everyone, my name is Mrs. Mehrin and I'm really excited to be learning all about water as an energy source with you, let's begin.

Welcome to today's lesson from the unit, Climate Change and Sustainability.

Your learning outcome is, I can describe how we use moving water to generate renewable electricity.

Now, I know that learning can sometimes be a little bit challenging, but that's okay because it just means that we are going to work really hard together and we are going to learn some fabulous new things, let's begin.

So here are your five keywords for today's lesson, and alongside these keywords are your definitions.

Now, with these definitions, I am going to be going through your keywords and definitions throughout today's lesson.

However, if you find it helpful to have them written down next to you, that's absolutely fine.

You can pop the video on pause now and jot these down.

Fantastic, well done.

So let's begin with the first part of our learning, we've got two parts in total.

We're gonna start with the first part, water as an energy source.

Now, since the 1880s, humans have burned fossil fuels as energy sources for heating, lighting, and for generating electricity.

Now, can you name these energy sources? So I'll give you five seconds to have a really good think.

If you need longer, that's okay, you can pop the video and pause and you can have a go.

Come back once you have an answer, off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So we've got burning oil, coal, and natural gas.

Now, scientists investigate alternative energy sources to fossil fuels.

So the sun is an energy source, and the wind as an energy source.

Can you think of any other energy sources? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer, off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So before we go onto that, let's do a quick true or false.

So scientists are encouraging people to use more fossil fuels.

Do you think that's true or false? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer, off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

The answer is false, and that's because scientists investigate alternatives to fossil fuels.

This is because fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas may eventually run out, especially because we are using more than.

so much more than we ever have before.

So moving water can be used as an energy source.

So, "On holiday, we camped near "an artificial lake called a reservoir.

"My gran said it was used to generate electricity, "but I am not sure how." Now, do you know how moving water can be used to generate electricity? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer, off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So first of all, something called a dam is built across a river and the dam is this structure which blocks the flow of the river and raises the level of water on one side.

And this forms a reservoir behind the dam, which is similar to a lake, but made by humans to store large volumes of water.

And choosing the location of a reservoir is very important.

Now, deep and narrow valleys are ideal as they can hold large volumes of water, and only need relatively narrow dams. And here, we've got a river running through a valley, and then you've got a dam with a reservoir behind it.

Now, there are many dams in Scotland because it has big hills, and valleys, and a lot of rainfall.

Laura said, "You said that moving water "can be used to generate electricity, "but the water in a reservoir does not appear "to be moving anywhere." And Andeep says, "Ah, but when the control gate "in the dam is opened, the water in the reservoir "is released and flows downhill in a controlled way." Now, water turbines are positioned below dams. When the control gate at the top is opened, water from the reservoir flows down from a height and turns the turbine.

And this movement is used to generate electricity, just like this here.

So let's do a quick check-in of your learning.

And it says, "When generating electricity "from moving water stored in a reservoir, "where are water turbines built?" Is it a, in the reservoir, so they're surrounded by the water.

B, above dams, so they can empty water into reservoirs.

Or c, below dams so that the water from a height.

So that water flows from a height and turns them.

Which one do you think is correct? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer, off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

The answer is c, it's below dams, so that water flows from a height and turns them.

Now, Laura says, "I have heard of using "a wind turbine to generate electricity.

"Is a water turbine the same but using water?" Now, do you think a wind turbine and a water turbine are similar, what do you think? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer, off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So like a wind turbine, where moving wind turns the blades, a water turbine is turned by moving water.

Now, water turbines are often wheel shaped to catch water, which makes it turn.

Now, Laura says, "As water is released from the reservoir, "it moves the blades of the water turbine.

"causing it to turn.

"This turning movement is used to generate electricity," just like in a wind turbine.

Now, Andeep says, "Using water as an energy source "must be very dangerous because water "and electricity must never mix." What do you think? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer, off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So Laura says, "The water and electricity are kept separate.

"Water is used only to turn the turbines "without mixing with any electrical parts." Now, true or false, a turbine turns to make water flow.

Is that true or false? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer, off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

The answer is false.

A turbine turns to generate electricity.

So here's the fun activity that you are going to be doing, and it says, make your own model water turbine.

It says glue four recycled bottle lids to four lolly stick halves.

Glue the sticks to a cotton reel to make a water turbine.

Support the water turbine on a wooden rod suspended in the bottom half of a recycled milk carton.

And then, test your turbine by carefully pouring water onto the blade.

So I'd like you to pause the video here and have a go at doing this activity, off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So your turbine may have looked a bit like this and it says, "When we poured water onto the model blades, "the turbine turned, which made the shaft turn too.

"We tied a thread with a blob of sticky tack onto the shaft.

"As it turned, the thread was wound around "the shaft and the load was raised." So now we are on to the second part of your learning today, which is generating electricity from moving water.

So Andeep says, "Is using moving water "to generate electricity, an example of using "a non-renewable energy source?" What do you think? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer, off you go.

Fabulous, well done.

Well, Laura says, "No, moving water "is a renewable energy source, as the water "is likely to always be there." Now, scientists and engineers design and develop new ways to generate electricity from moving water.

Andeep says, "The word 'hydro' means water." These hydroelectric engineers consider where and how to build dams and reservoirs.

Let's do a quick check-in of your learning before we continue with the rest of today's lesson.

And it says, "Moving water is a something energy source." Is it a, reflective, b, rechargeable, c, renewable, or d, reproductive? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer, off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

The answer is c, renewable.

Now Andeep says, "Can electricity be generated "from water moving from reservoirs using dams?" What do you think? Again, I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer, off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

And Laura says, "Scientists are investigating "how moving water in oceans can be used "to generate electricity too." Now, scientists can use the natural rise and fall of ocean waves and tides to generate electricity.

So, moving water in the ocean turns the blades of water turbines placed in areas with strong currents.

This movement is used to generate electricity.

Andeep says, "Once the electricity is generated, "it's then sent safely to shore through underwater cables "for use in homes and businesses." Now, when wind turbine designs are still.

Water turbine designs are still in development.

Research carried out by scientists and engineers is important.

The ocean is always moving so could offer a reliable renewable energy source for future generations.

Now, let's do a quick check-in of your learning before we continue.

And it says, "Moving water in something "is being investigated by scientists "to generate electricity." Now, is it moving water in baths, moving water in swimming pools, or c, moving water in oceans? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer, off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

The answer is oceans, because the water in oceans is constantly moving.

So here is Task B, it says, "Create a quiz to check your partner's understanding "of how moving water can be used to generate electricity." I want you to think of at least three different questions and include suggestions for multiple choice answers.

So I'd like you to pause the video here and have a go at doing this, off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So, for example, it may have been similar to this.

Number one, which of these are renewable energy sources? And it would be solar and water.

In a dam, where is the water stored? In a reservoir? What does moving water turn to generate electricity? Water turbines.

And yours may have been similar to that.

So we are now onto the summary of our learning for today, and it says, "The water from a reservoir turns the blades "of the turbines, which generates electricity.

"Moving water is a renewable energy source "as there will always be water on Earth.

"Scientists are investigating how moving water "in oceans can be used to generate electricity." Now, you have worked incredibly hard today.

I'm so proud of your fantastic critical thinking, well done.