Hello, my name is Mrs. Mehrin, and I'm so excited to be learning with you today.

Today we are going to be learning about offspring, and we're going to be learning about how they are similar but not identical.

Let's begin.

Welcome to today's lesson from the unit, "Evolution and Inheritance." Your learning outcome today is I can describe how offspring of different animals are similar but not identical to their parents.

Now, I know that learning can sometimes be a little bit challenging, but that's okay, because it means that we are going to work really hard together and we're going to learn lots of fabulous new things.

Let's begin.

So we're going to start off today with your keywords.

Now, I don't expect you to write these down, because I am going to go through these as we go through the lesson today.

However, if you feel that it does help you, you can pause the video now, and jot them down.

Fantastic, well done.

And here are the definitions for those keywords.

Again, I am going to be going through these throughout today's lesson.

However, if it helps you, you may pause the video now, and jot the definitions down.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

Now our lesson today is split into two parts.

Let's begin with the first one, offspring.

Now, Andeep has been visiting a farm, and notice that lots of the animals had produced offspring.

Can you explain what offspring are? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Fantastic, well done.

Let's find out.

So all animals reproduce, and when they reproduce, they make offspring.

They make more offspring of the same kind.

So offspring are the children of that animal.

Now let's have a look at this question.

It says, what are offspring? Are they A, the parents of a living thing, B, the children or young of a living thing, or C, nests that are built by animals? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

The answer is B, the children or young of a living thing.

Well done.

Now, which of these statements is correct? A, animals produce offspring of the same kind, B, only mammals produce offspring, not birds, or C, offspring are sometimes a completely different type to the parent organism? Again, I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

The answer is A, animals produce offspring of the same kind.

Well done.

Now, the offspring of a living thing share characteristics of the organism that produce them.

So this means they usually look similar to their parents.

Now, can you see the similarities between this parent and its offspring? Have a really good look at the picture.

If you need to, you can pause the video here, so that you can have a really good look.

Otherwise I'll give you five seconds.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So we can see that the offspring have a similar eye shape, a similar face shape, similar in terms of the shape of the overall body.

It's got four legs, however, there are some differences.

For example, the horns are not fully developed on the kids, and also the fur is slightly different as well.

Well done.

Now, sometimes animals look quite different to their parents when they are young.

So for example, we have a duck here with her young offspring, and we can see that the offspring are much fluffier, and a different colour as well.

Now the similarities are sometimes much clearer when the animals have reached adulthood like in the second picture here.

Now, normally offspring vary, and are not identical to their parents, so they're not exactly the same, but they do have some similarities.

So they look similar, but they're not exactly the same.

Now, can you see any differences between this parent and its offspring? So think really carefully here.

I've given you some examples of differences in other animals.

Can you spot the differences here? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So the differences here are not as obvious as some other animals because when you look at this picture, you pretty much think they look exactly the same.

However, the offspring is much shorter than the adult.

I can also see that its neck is much shorter as well.

Now let's have a look at what Andeep says.

Andeep says, "I can see they have slightly different markings.

The patterns are similar, but they're not identical." So if you look just below the neck of the offspring there, we can see there is a pattern in between that looks a bit like a circle, but on the adult there isn't that.

So that's just one of the slight differences between the offspring and the adult, but one of the more obvious ones.

Now, the difference between parents and their offspring is called variation.

Now have you ever been told that you look like one of your parents? I know I have.

I always get told that I look just like my dad.

Now you are their offspring, so you share many characteristics with them.

Aisha says, "People always tell me I look like my dad." So Aisha is exactly like me and Sophia says, "Lots of people say I have my mother's eyes." Let's do a quick check-in of your learning so far.

True or false, offspring are always identical to their parents, is that true or false? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

The answer is false.

And let's see if you can justify your answer.

Is that because offspring are completely different to their parents or because offspring are usually similar to their parents but not exactly the same? Again, I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

The answer is B.

Offspring are usually similar to their parents, but not exactly the same.

Now let's have a look at your first task here.

It says, compare yourself and a parent, or use the pictures of Alex and Izzy with their parents to identify shared characteristics.

So I'd like you to pause the video here, and I'd like you to have a go at this activity.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

Now Alex says, "I have freckles like my mum, and I get my ginger hair from her.

My skin is a very similar, but not identical, pale colour.

And Izzy says, "My skin colour is the same as my dad's.

I have curly hair like him, but mine is a little bit darker.

My nose is the same shape as his." Well done.

You've worked really hard so far.

So now, we are onto the second part of your learning, which is variation in offspring.

Now, some children are talking about the similarities between themselves and their family members.

So Laura says, "Why do you have curly hair if your mom has straight hair?" So we can see that Alex has curly hair, but his mom has straight hair.

And Jacob says, "Why do you and your mom have ginger hair, but your little sister has blonde hair?" Now, what do you think? Why do you think there is some differences and some similarities between Alex, his sister and his mom.

I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So offspring get a combination of characteristics from each of their parents.

They get a bit of a mix of characteristics from each of their parents.

So Alex says, "My dad has curly hair.

I think I got it from him." And Alex's sister says, "Dad has blonde hair like me too." Now, offspring can vary from their parents.

This means that although they are similar, they're not identical, and they do differ from their parents.

Let's have a look at this question.

It says, which of these statements are correct? Is it A, normally offspring vary and are not identical to their parents, B, normally female offspring are identical to their female parents, C, males only pass characteristics on to male offspring, or D offspring get a combination of characteristics from each parent.

So there may be more than one answer here.

So I want you to think really carefully.

I'm gonna give you five seconds to think about your answer, but if you need longer, just pause the video here.

Okay, off you go.

Fantastic, well done, the answers are A and D.

Now can you see how the offspring in this picture vary from their parents? So think about what similarities and what differences can you see between the offspring, so the young compare to their parents.

So if you'd like, you can pause the video here so you can have a really good look and then you can unpause it and come back to the lesson when you're ready.

Or I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So I can see here that some of the offspring have the same coloured fur as one of the rabbits.

So we've got two rabbits here with brown and white fur, two of the offspring, and then we've got one adult with brown and white fur.

And then we have two rabbits who have black and white fur, just like the adult rabbit there.

So we can see some variations.

Now in terms of the colour of their ears, I can see that the rabbit, the offspring on the left hand side towards the back does seem as though it's slightly browner.

It's not completely black, so that could be a mix, a combination from both of the adult rabbits.

Now, Sam's dogs are going to have offspring.

She's talking to her friends about what the offspring might look like.

Sam says, "I think the puppies will all look different to each other." Jun said, "I think the offspring will all have the same pattern of fur.

It will be a combination of both parents' fur.

And Izzy says, "They will definitely all be dogs." What do you think, who do you think is right? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So all living things have offspring of the same kind.

So Sam's dog's, offspring will all be dogs.

Now the puppies all look similar, but not identical to their parents.

There's a variation between the parents and the offspring.

Now these piglets have the same parents and were born at the same time.

Why do you think they all look different to each other? Is it because A, they've eaten, they have each eaten different amounts of food, B, they have all spent different amounts of time in the sun, or C, they each share a different combination of characteristics with their parents? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

The answer is they each share a different combination of characteristics with their parents.

Well done.

Now, we are on to task B.

It says, choose two of the kittens, and describe which features they share with each of their parents.

So we've got a mother and a father.

So those are the cats.

Now we've got A, B, C, and D for our kittens over here.

You need to choose two of them.

So you can choose any of the two.

And I want you to look really carefully.

Have a look at the mother and have a look at the father.

What similarities do they have to both, and what differences do they have to both? Are they a combination of both the parents? Do they maybe look more like one parent than the other? So I want you to think really carefully about this.

So I want you to pause the video now, and I want you to have a go at this activity.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So somebody chose A and C.

Now they've said "A, this kitten has bent ears like its father.

It has white fur on its chest and paws like its mother, and some stripy markings on its face and legs, like its father." And for C says, "This kitten has bent ears like its father, it has mostly white fur, while its mother has some white fur on her belly.

It has faint markings on its forehead that are a similar shape to the markings on its father's head." Now, you may have chosen B and D.

So let's go back and let's have a look at B and D.

Now when I look at B, I can see that B, the eyes are quite similar to the father.

They have bent ears like the father as well.

However, it has got some very similar markings to its mother, especially there on its forehead just between its ears.

We can see that the mum has got a dark patch and it looks like the kitten does also.

So it's definitely a combination of both.

Now when I look at D, I can see that D has the same ears as the mother, the eyes are very similar to the father, however, the markings on D are very similar to the father compared to the mother.

We can see that they've got a lot of stripes there on its legs just like the father does.

So again, a lovely combination of both.

Now here is task B.

It says draw your own set of animal parents and three of their offspring.

Make sure to give each of the offspring a combination of features from their parents.

So make sure that the offspring have got characteristics of both of the parents in there.

So I'd like you to pause the video now, and have a go at doing that.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So we've got Jun here and Jun says, "Here is my work.

What kind of animals did you draw?" So let's have a look at Jun's.

We've got a mother and a father dog, and then we've got the puppies underneath.

And I can see that Jun has gone for, in the first puppy, ears like the mother, but eyes like the father, and similar markings to both the mother and the father and similar colours.

And I can see it's got a little bit of a grey tip on the end of its tail, just like the father's one.

Now the second puppy looks a lot like the father, but it has its mother's eyes.

And D is a lot like the mother, except it's got the father's bent ears.

So great work, Jun.

Now we are onto the summary of our learning today.

It says all living things produce offspring of the same kind.

Offspring share some of the characteristics of their parents.

Normally, offspring vary, and are not identical to their parents.

Now you have worked so hard today.

I am so proud of you.

Well done for your brilliant work.