Hi everyone.

My name is Ms. Panchal and I'm really excited and glad you decided to join me on our science lesson today.

So our lesson today is going to be focusing on mushrooms and mycoproteins.

Now don't worry too much if you're not too sure what that means, because that's what today's lesson is going to be about.

Our lesson today is part of our bigger unit of learning on keeping healthy.

We're going to look at lots of different examples to help you understand mushrooms in more detail, but also what mycoproteins are.

Let's get started with the lesson.

So the outcome for our lesson today is I can investigate the growth of mushrooms and describe sustainable protein sources.

So here are some keywords that we're going to use in our lesson today.

So we've got protein, sustainable, fungus and mycoprotein.

So what I'd like you to do is pause the video here and first of all, read the definitions to yourself in your head, and then I'd like you to take in terms with your partner to read out the definitions to each other.

Once you've done that, click play and we'll continue with the lesson.

Great reading everybody.

Well done.

So our lesson today is split up into two parts.

So the first part of our lesson, we're going to be focusing on mushrooms as a source of protein, and the second part of our lesson is we're going to be focusing on mycoproteins.

So let's move on with the first part of our lesson today.

So Sophia and Lucas have been learning about how protein is an important nutrient in food to help our bodies to grow and repair.

Sophia says, "I eat ham, sausages, beef, chicken, and fish to make sure that I get enough protein in my diet." And Lucas says, "Can you only get protein in your diet by eating meat?" What do you think? Pause the video here, have a little bit of thinking time on your own, and then share your ideas with your partner.

Do you think you can only get protein in your diet by eating meat? Brilliant ideas, everybody.

Well done.

So actually there are lots of other sources of protein that you can have in your diet, and it's not only meat that you need to eat in order to get your allocated amount of protein.

There are lots of other examples that we're going to look at in the lesson today.

In addition to that, people are vegetarian, so there will be people that do not eat meat at all and they still get their protein from other sources.

The protein we eat can come from animals or plants.

Animal protein sources include meat, fish, seafood, eggs and dairy products.

Plant protein sources include beans, peas, lentils, nuts, seeds and grains.

So protein can come from a variety of different places and unfortunately, often the animal protein that we would have, the sources unfortunately can have quite a lot of fat in them, so they're not as healthy for us, whereas more plant protein sources are a lot more healthy for us.

It's got lots of great nutrients and vitamins that we need.

Sophia and Lucas talk about plant-based proteins.

Sophia says, "My mom said that some other plant-based foods including vegetables like spinach and broccoli, are good sources of protein too." Lucas says, "My favourite vegetables are mushrooms. I have seen mushrooms growing in fields, so they must come from plants." Do you agree with Lucas? So pause the video here, have a discussion with your talk partner.

He is saying, Lucas is saying that he seed mushrooms growing in fields, so they must come from plants.

Do you agree with Lucas or do you think something different? Great ideas, everybody.

Well done.

So a mushroom looks a lot like a plant, but it is not a plant because it cannot make its own food.

So mushrooms get their nutrition from their surroundings absorbing nutrients through their root-like structured called mycelium.

Lucas says, "If a mushroom is not a plant, then what is it? Is it an animal?" What do you think about what Lucas has said? What is a mushroom? If it's not a plant, then what is it? Is a mushroom an animal or is it something else? What do you think? So actually a mushroom is a fungus.

It belongs to a group of microorganisms called fungi.

Mushrooms can be grouped with other types of fungi including mould on food, yeast and truffles.

So a mushroom is a type of fungus.

Let's do a check of our learning.

Which of these is not a plant? A, mushrooms, B, deciduous tree in winter, C, grass.

So which of these is not a plant? Excellent.

The answer is a mushroom.

So we've just learned in our lesson that a mushroom is not a plant because it cannot make its own food.

Let's move on.

Mushrooms are high in protein and one of the most sustainable foods to grow and eat.

Mushrooms grow quickly and need very little water and space compared to other crops.

So in terms of mushrooms being sustainable, that means it has a very little negative impact on the environment, which actually means it's helping to protect our environment and keep it in a good way.

They can grow on materials like leaves, sawdust and compost, which helps recycle waste.

So actually mushrooms are a high in protein, but actually they can be very sustainable and good for the environment and cause very little harm to our environment and use a little resources compared to other sources of protein.

Sophia says, "I didn't know that mushrooms were a healthy source of protein and that they are sustainable." Lucas says, "Can we grow our own mushrooms as food? There are lots of different types of mushrooms and many of them are not safe to eat." What do you think? Pause the video here.

Have a little think with your talk partner.

Do you think you can grow your own mushrooms as food? Great ideas, everybody.

Well done.

So Lucas says, "I read a book about mushrooms and it said that many of the mushrooms that we see growing in the woods and fields around us are poisonous and we should never eat wild mushrooms." Let's do a check of our learning.

Which of these statements do you agree with? A, mushrooms are high in protein, B, mushrooms are low in protein, C, mushrooms are one of the least sustainable foods to grow and eat.

And D, mushrooms are one of the most sustainable foods to grow and eat.

So which of these statements do you agree with? Have a little think.

Excellent work, everyone well done.

So mushrooms are high in protein and mushrooms are one of the most sustainable foods to grow and eat.

Great job everyone.

Well done.

Let's move on.

The mushrooms we buy from shops and supermarkets are safe to eat.

However, mushrooms are hard to identify and wild mushrooms might be poisonous because an image here of an oyster mushroom, I think they look beautiful.

Oyster mushrooms are edible.

That means you can eat them, you can buy them from the supermarket or buy a kit to grow them at home and they grow in dark, moist places.

Lucas said, "I looked on the internet with my mum and we have bought an oyster mushroom growing kit." Sophia said, "I have seen mushroom kits in my local garden centre too, you'll need to grow the oyster mushrooms in dark, moist conditions." So it's really important that mushrooms, these particular ones, have a specific environment in order for them to grow properly.

A home growing kit will contain oyster mushroom spawn mixed with natural ingredients such as straw, waste, coffee grounds, and wood shavings.

This material provides the new mushrooms with essential nutrients for it to grow.

The mixture is placed into a suitable container with small holes so that the air can come in and out.

A home growing kit will have been incubated for at least two weeks, and this means it has been placed in a dark, warm environment for the mushrooms to be begin to grow.

Luca says, "My job is to expose the materials in the kit to the air and keep it indoors facing away from the sun and use a water spray to moisten a few times a day." Mushrooms continue to provide food over several weeks.

Lucas says, "After two weeks of growing, I harvested my mushrooms. Then I repeated the process twice more.

This means I was able to harvest three crops of oyster mushrooms from the same kit." Let's do a check of our learning.

Which type of conditions are best for growing oyster mushrooms? A, light and dry.

B, dark and dry.

C, dark and moist.

Brilliant.

The answer is C, dark and moist.

So in order for the oyster mushrooms to grow and be successful with growing, we need it to be a dark and moist environment.

Let's do another check on learning, true or false.

When growing mushrooms, you can harvest more than one crop from the same kit.

Do we think that's true or false? Brilliant.

The answer is true.

And why do we think this is true? Have a little think.

Brilliant.

So we know that mushrooms can continue to provide food over several weeks.

So in Lucas' example, he had one growing kit, but actually he was able to have three lots of crops from that.

So we know that mushrooms can continue to provide food over several weeks.

So from one growing kit you can actually harvest lots and lots of different mushrooms. Let's move on to the first task.

I would like you to use a growing kit to grow a crop of oyster mushrooms. Be really careful and follow the instructions on the kit carefully and take photographs as a record of what you have done.

Then I'd like you to explain to a partner why mushrooms are a sustainable source of protein.

So there's two steps here to our task.

So pause the video here and have a go at growing your own mushrooms, but also recording it and then explaining to your partner why mushrooms are a sustainable source of protein.

Pause the video here, have a go at the task, and I really look forward to seeing all of your oyster mushrooms. Off you go.

Fantastic work everybody.

Well done.

I can see you've worked really hard to follow the instructions really carefully on your oyster growing kits to make sure that they grow properly and correctly.

So let's go for an example answer.

So we followed the instructions on our growing kits and sprayed the growing materials with a water spray twice a day.

After 7 days, tiny mushroom pins started to appear.

After 10 days, the mushroom caps flattened out and after 14 days we were able to harvest our oyster mushrooms. So we can see over two weeks they were able to harvest them.

So the next part of the task was to explain to your partner why mushrooms are a sustainable source of protein.

So here's an example answer.

Mushrooms are high in nutrients including protein.

They're a sustainable source of protein because they grow quickly and need very little water or space.

Mushrooms can grow on waste materials, which helps recycle waste.

They're good for the environment and can help feed people today without having a negative impact on the needs of the people living in the future.

So did you get a similar answer to this? Well done for having a good go at this task everybody.

I'm so impressed with your work.

So we finished the first part of our lesson while we've looked at mushrooms as a source of protein and we're now going to be looking at mycoproteins in more detail.

So Jacob and his family are looking for ways to add more sustainable proteins into their diet each week.

Jacob's brother says, "We eat a lot of red meat as a source of protein, but this can have a negative impact on the environment when forests are cut down to create space for animals to graze and to grow their food." Jacob has said we should try to eat more plant-based proteins and protein from fungi such as mushrooms. Are there any other sustainable sources of protein we can include? What do you think? So pause the video here.

Have a think with your talk partner.

Are there any more sustainable sources of protein they could include in their diet? Excellent ideas everybody, really well done.

So in the 1960s, scientists working in the food industry found a tiny fungus growing in soil.

And after years of research and development, they developed a food product from this fungus that is known as mycoprotein.

Mycoprotein production uses a technique similar to that used to make yoghourt.

The fungi are put into big tanks filled with water and other ingredients, and we can see here the large tanks that are used for making mycoprotein.

Often this solution can include materials that would be considered waste, such as leftover sugars from other food manufacturing.

So instead of those waste products being thrown away, actually they're being recycled and used for another purpose.

The fungi grow and multiply by using the sugar through a process called fermentation.

After a few days, the fungi have grown and filled the tanks.

Scientists heat and mix the fungi to create mycoprotein, a dough like material with a long, thin fibres that resemble the texture of meat.

So actually it's become a substitute for meat.

Instead of having meat or eating meat, this is an alternative.

Let's do a check of our learning.

Mycoprotein is made from a fungus, A, dissolved, B, fermented, C, digested, D, vaccinated.

Brilliant.

The answer is B, fermented.

So mycoprotein is made from a fermented fungus.

Mycoprotein can be shaped into burgers, nuggets and slices.

It is then cooked and made into foods like meatless burgers, mince meat, and chicken.

So this mycoprotein here is a fantastic alternative to eating meat.

Finally, it is packaged into the high protein foods you can buy in shops and supermarkets as an alternative to meat.

Jacob's brother says, "Mycoprotein is a sustainable source of protein.

It can be produced using less land and water than is required to raise animals for red meat.

Fermentation can help reduce waste too." Jacob says, "We could look for some foods made with mycoprotein in our local supermarket to include as an alternative source protein in our balanced diet." Let's do a check of our learning.

True or false, mycoprotein is made into foods like burgers, mincemeat and chicken containing meat.

Do we think this is true or false? Brilliant.

We know the answer is false.

Now, do we know why this statement is false and can you change it so that it's true? Excellent.

So mycoprotein is a sustainable protein.

It is made into meatless foods like burgers, mincemeat and chicken because its taste and texture is similar to meat from animals.

So the taste and the texture is similar, but actually it's not meat at all.

Let's move on to the next task of this lesson.

So I would like you to complete the fact files for these different types of burgers.

So we've got a beef burger, we need to think about the source of that beef burger and the environmental impact it has.

The next one is a plant-based burger.

So we need to think about where the source of that is and also the environmental impact.

But then lastly, we've got the mycoprotein burger as well.

So we've got three different types of burgers.

So I'd like you to tell me about where the source of protein has come from, but also the environmental impact that it has.

So pause the video here and complete the fact files.

I'm really looking forward to seeing your final work.

Off you go, everyone.

Fantastic work, everybody well done.

I can see you've done a lot of detail in your fact files and I can see lots of you have decorated them really nicely as well.

So let's go through some examples.

So the beef burger, the source would made from ground beef from cows.

The environment mental impact was, requires a lot of land and water to raise cows, produces more greenhouse gases than other sources of protein.

We're now moving on to the plant-based burger.

The source is made from plants like beans, peas, soy and vegetables.

And the environmental impact is, uses less land and water and produces less pollution compared to raising animals.

And the last burger we had was the mycoprotein burger and the source was made from mycoprotein from fungi.

And the environmental impact that it use is less land and water compared to animal and some plant-based proteins.

Fermentation helps to reduce waste.

So we can see here really clearly, there's three different sources of protein, but actually they all come from different places and they all have different environmental impacts.

Now it's clear to see that the beef burger actually has the most negative impacts on the environment and the plant-based burger and the mycoprotein burger are much healthier for you, but also much better for the environment as well.

Well done for completing this task, everybody.

So we've come towards the end of our lesson.

So let's do a summary of our learning.

So we've learned today that a mushroom is not a plant but it's a fungus.

And we've learned that mushrooms are a sustainable protein that can continue to provide food over several weeks.

And a mycoprotein is a sustainable protein made of fermented fungus, and that's what we've called and can be made into meatless burgers, meatless slices or meatless nuggets.

Mycoprotein is made into meatless burgers, mincemeat, and chicken because it's got this very similar texture but also a very similar taste as well.

So it's a great alternative.

Now, a huge well done to your all for completing the work today.

We've learned lots about mushrooms and lots about mycoproteins as well.

So next time you're thinking about choosing what to eat, maybe think about using a sustainable source of protein instead of maybe meat.

Have a great rest of the day everybody, and I'm sure I'll see you really soon in the next science lesson.

Bye-Bye.