Hello, my name is Mr. Wilshire, and in this lesson, we're going to be looking at how water and nutrients are transported in humans.

The summary for this lesson is I can describe how water and nutrients from food travel through the body.

There are some keywords for us to remember as we progress through the lesson, don't worry if you're not too sure on what some of these mean, the definitions are here for you to read on the screen, but as we progress through the slides, the meaning of them should become clear.

The keywords are nutrients, digest, intestine, bloodstream, model.

Pause the video now and have a read if you'd like to, restart when you're ready.

The first part of this lesson is called useful nutrients.

Jacob and Alex are talking about why humans eat food.

And Jacob says, "Humans eat food because it tastes good and it's enjoyable to eat." Alex says, "Humans eat food because some of it stays in the body to make us healthy." What do you think here? Why do humans eat food? Pause the video and discuss, restart when you've done that.

So what do you think? Now do we the eat food because some of it makes us healthy, or is it just because it's something fun to do? Well, the food that we eat contains many different nutrients.

Here you can see an example of two people sharing and eating some food.

Nutrients have different purposes, they all come from different foods.

Do you know the names of any nutrients, and which foods that they come from? Hmm, we like to eat a nice balanced diet of different things, so does all of the nutrients come from one particular food or is it lots? Have a think, discuss, restart when you've done that.

So what do you think? Did you know of any of the names of any nutrients and which foods that they come from? Let's find out more.

Jacob and Alex find out about nutrients and the job that they do in the human body.

Here you can see a picture of some orange juice.

Vitamins are nutrients in food.

Some vitamins help to fight infections, and others help you to grow and develop.

Here you can see some wheat and bread.

Now this makes up fibre.

Fibre is a very important nutrient too, it can help food move through your digestive system.

So fibre is there, to help push all of that food through the system, not necessarily be digested.

Here is a picture of some toast.

Now, bread will contain carbohydrates, they're nutrients in foods like bread and pasta, and they provide energy.

If you don't have many carbohydrates in your diet, you're not gonna have a lot of energy.

Here is a picture of some eggs, and eggs contain protein.

Proteins are nutrients in foods such as eggs that help our body grow and repair itself.

Now, here is a picture of some muscles within the arm.

You can also get nutrients, which are minerals.

Minerals are nutrients in food that help to strengthen our bones and organs.

Here's some pizza as well, I love eating pizza.

I wonder if any of you like eating pizza as well.

Fats are nutrients that provide energy for the body and help to absorb nutrients.

Now, it's not good to have a lot of fatty food, but you do need some to build up the fat reserves that are in your body, and you can also, fats can help you to keep a little bit warm, and, of course, water.

Now, water is an essential nutrient for hydration, although it's not a type of food, is it? But it is still an important nutrient to have.

So I wonder if any of those nutrients were ones that you discussed.

Could you remember where all of those nutrients come from? Have you done some lessons in the past that have helped you to think about the type of food that you eat and the type of food that you might have to have a balanced diet to ensure that you have lots of these different types of food? Let's stop and think.

Nutrients have different purposes and come from different foods, is that true or false? Have a discussion, restart when you've done that.

The answer here is true, nutrients do have different purposes and they all come from different foods.

Let's justify our answer.

Which of these statements is true? The answer here is B, different nutrients support different functions in our body, so we need a balanced diet.

The foods that you eat supply the nutrients that your body needs.

A healthy diet is essential for maintaining the level of nutrients your body needs to function properly.

Here you can see a picture of a healthy meal.

There is some meat, some vegetables, and some other bits and bobs as well, potentially even some carbohydrates underneath the bit of meat there too.

Here is a picture of some food, it's making up a healthy meal.

It's healthy because it's balanced.

There's some meat, there could be some carbohydrates under there as well, and there's lots of vitamins in those vegetables.

So if you were to eat this type of meal, then it's going to give you lots of different types of nutrients, but not everything you eat will give you all the nutrients that you need, so it's good to have a good balance across the day.

You wouldn't survive very long if you just ate pasta all day, would you? You need to make sure that you have lots of the other things as well to keep your body balanced and healthy.

Now, as you grow older, it's gonna be your responsibility more and more to eat a balanced diet.

It's not a very good idea to just go around eating all the things that you enjoy all the time, you need to make sure that you have other things, which can give you vitamins as well.

Although fatty foods and sugary foods taste really nice and can become some of our favourite things, it's not always a good idea just to have our favourites.

It's good to have a balanced diet so that we can maintain a healthy body.

So let's stop and think.

A healthy diet is essential to maintaining what in our body? Is it oxygen, nutrients, fats, or healthy blood? Pause the video and discuss, restart when you've done that.

So a healthy diet is essential to maintaining nutrients in our body.

Well, oxygen is breathed into the lungs, fats are taken in through our digestive system, and healthy blood is organised in the circulatory system, so nutrients is the correct answer here.

This brings us on to our very first task.

You need to research some different nutrients and complete the table below to better understand the job that they do and where we get them from.

Now, some of these sections have been filled out for you already.

The nutrients are down the left-hand side there where you've got carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, fats, fibre, water, and minerals.

You need to do a bit of research here.

It's your job to fill out these different sections.

So the first column there, which foods do we find them in? Well, carbohydrates can be found in bread and pasta, and fibre can be found in nuts, seed, and grain, it's your job to think about any of the other foods that we can get those two items from, and all the other nutrients there too.

Then you need to think about the role that it plays in the body, what does it do? Fats will provide energy and minerals will strengthen bones and organs, but what about all the other nutrients? Do some research, fill out the table, and restart the video when you've done that, good luck.

How did you get on? Hopefully, you've been able to find how the different nutrients can help the body and the foods that we find them in.

Your table may look similar to this.

Carbohydrates provide the body with energy, and also helps to store energy.

They can be found in bread, pasta, milk, potatoes, corn, and beans.

Proteins, they can be found in animal-based food like meat and fish, they help the body to repair itself and also to help you grow.

Vitamins can be found in fruit, vegetables, and meat, and they can help with keeping healthy, and it helps your body to stay healthy as well.

Fats provide energy for the body, and also help to keep you warm.

They can be found in meat, butter, cheese, biscuits, and sweets.

And on this last slide here, fibre can make food move through the intestines, but it is not digested, how interesting.

It can be found in nuts, seed, grain, oats, and fruit.

Water, well, that can be found in some vegetables and fruit as well, and also milk, and it makes up body fluids, and it helps to give us energy.

Minerals will strengthen bones and organs and can be found in cereals, fruit, vegetables, nuts, and bread.

Well, now that you are a little bit more aware of the different types of nutrients that our body needs to stay healthy, you're better placed to make some better decisions in the types of diet that you have.

Let's move on to the next part of our lesson now, and find out how the body uses that.

So the next part of our lesson is called transporting nutrients and water.

Jacob and Alex here are trying to remember how our bodies get nutrients from food.

So we know that nutrients come from food, but how do we get that into our bodies? Jacob says, "When we digest food, our bodies remove or break down, the nutrients to help us to stay alive." And Alex says, "Well, I think nutrients move into blood when food reaches the stomach." Hmm, is that how it works? I wonder what you think here? Let's find out some more.

Food is broken down into smaller pieces in the mouth.

It then moves down the oesophagus and into the stomach.

Here, you can see the human digestive system.

It starts off in the mouth, goes down the oesophagus, into the stomach, and then gets processed into the rest of the body.

Here's the mouth, here's the oesophagus here's the stomach.

Alex says, "So, nutrients from food don't pass into blood from the stomach.

Well, it must happen somewhere else in the body.

Do you know?" Hmm, do you? What do you think? Pause the video here, have a discussion, restart when you've done that.

So where else does it happen in the body? Well, during digestion, the small intestine absorbs the nutrients from food and passes them on into the bloodstream.

Here is a small intestine.

Now, it doesn't look very small, does it? The word small comes from the size of the tubes that makes up the intestine.

Jacob says, "Oh, I was correct, our bodies break down nutrients from food to help us to stay alive, I remember now, this all happens in the small intestine." The digestive system doesn't end once nutrients from food have entered the bloodstream, though, here is the large intestine.

Now, although it looks a lot shorter than the small intestine, we call this the large intestine, and here is the anus.

The large intestine absorbs water from undigested food, which helps us form solid waste for the body.

It gets rid of that as faeces through the anus.

Hopefully, there's some information there that you may have picked up on before when you studied the digestive system.

Now this all helps the body get rid of waste, but also get nutrients into the bloodstream are really important to have a healthy, active body.

So let's stop and think.

Which parts of the digestive system absorb nutrients from food and passes into the bloodstream? Is it the heart, the small intestine, or the stomach? Have a think, and restart when you're ready.

The answer here is the small intestine.

The stomach will help to break down the food, the heart pumps blood, the small intestine is the thing that passes the nutrients into the bloodstream.

So water and nutrients from food are transported around the body to where they're needed.

Sofia says, "Well, I know that water and nutrients pass into the bloodstream.

Do they travel through the blood vessels to different organs?" Hmm, what do you think? Do chips go through blood vessels as well, then? Have a think, restart the video when you've done that.

Let's find out more.

Our blood absorbs water and nutrients from food.

This travels, along with oxygen, to different parts of the body through blood vessels.

Here in this moving image, you can see blood in the bloodstream travelling through the body, it's going to all different parts and places so it can be used.

Our muscles use the nutrients and oxygen all the time, even more so when we're active.

Let's stop and think.

Water and nutrients from food are transported in, what? The answer here is blood.

Water and nutrients from food are transported in your blood.

How are water and nutrients transported in blood around the human body? Choose the statement that matches the answer.

The answer here is through blood vessels.

Water and nutrients are transported through the blood vessels.

The answer here is through blood vessels, water and nutrients are transported in blood around the body through blood vessels.

Now, a model can be used to help us to learn about how science works.

Sofia says, "The small intestine absorbs nutrients and the large intestine absorbs water.

Nutrients and water pass into the bloodstream." Sam says, "We can't see this happening in our body, so we could make a model to demonstrate this." Which objects and materials could they use here? How are they going to show off their knowledge of the intestine moving the nutrients into the bloodstream? Pause the video and discuss, restart when you've done that.

So I wonder which items you chose.

Sofia says, "Well, there are lots of absorbent materials to choose from.

We need a material for our model, which allows liquid to pass through to represent the intestine." Sam says, "Oh yeah, we could mash up a banana to represent some partially digested food.

We'll also need a plate to represent the bloodstream." Hmm, and collect all of the things that go through the material.

What ideas do you have? Use the items that you are thinking of and decide how are you going to show the small intestine allowing all these nutrients through the cell walls and into the bloodstream? I wonder what ideas you had.

Keep hold of them because you're going to need them for the final task.

Sofia explains that a model is not exactly like the real object or the processes that they represent.

She says, "I'm going to use one leg of a pair of tights to represent the small and large intestine.

However, in real life, the intestine is divided into two separate sections." Here is the small intestine, and there is the large intestine.

Now they work together to do slightly different jobs.

The small intestines' main job, though, is to make sure that nutrients get absorbed by the blood in the bloodstream.

So using a pair of tights, then, it's going to allow some of that water and the nutrients to get through.

It'll be good to build your own model to demonstrate how this would happen.

Let's stop and think.

Scientific diagrams can only be used to help us understand how science works.

The answer here is false.

Can we justify that answer? The correct answer is A, models can also be used to represent real working organs and systems to show us how science works.

A diagram, remember, is a labelled picture.

If you make a model, you may be able to represent exactly how the different system works, which brings us on nicely to our final task.

Create Sofia and Sam's model, or use your own ideas to demonstrate how the small and large intestine allows nutrients and water to be absorbed and pass into the bloodstream.

You may need some or all of these resources, but I'll leave that decision-making up to you.

You're going to need to demonstrate how those nutrients can be absorbed by the bloodstream.

Good luck with your task, restart when you've done it.

How did you get on? Hopefully, your models looked a little bit similar to this, and maybe they were a little bit messy.

Here is a description of how the children did it.

"I used a food masher to break the food up, adding some water to help to transport it." "I pulled the contents into tights, which represent the small and large intestine." "I squeezed the tights over a plate to show how water and nutrients pass through the intestine and into the bloodstream." And there you can see three examples there.

Breaking up the food, which is a little bit of what the job that a stomach does.

Transferring into the intestines there, this is the messy part, and then squeezing the water and the nutrients in the body onto the plate.

Now you can see there, the water has slightly changed colour, so some sort of transference has happened.

However you did your experiments, I hope now you are able to prove that the intestines play a very vital role in getting nutrients into the bloodstream.

So let's summarise our lesson.

Nutrients have different purposes and come from different foods.

A healthy diet is essential for maintaining the nutrients our body needs to function properly.

During digestion, your small intestine absorbs the nutrients in your food and passes them into the bloodstream.

Water and nutrients from food are transported in blood around the body to where they are needed, and models can be used to help us to learn about how science works.

Maybe, you might use some of this knowledge to go on to be your very own scientific diagram or model maker.

With your knowledge about different nutrients, hopefully, you could start making sure that you or someone in your family, or everyone in your family is able to have a balanced diet, showing them the different information and knowledge that you have about why nutrients are so important.

Best of luck for the future, I'd be Mr. Wilshire, thank you very much for listening.