Hello, and welcome to today's lesson.

This is the first lesson in the unit cells.

What we're going to be looking at today is what makes something living or non-living, and what processes all living things share.

So this is our learning outcome for today.

You should be able to, by the end of today's lesson, describe the processes that happen in all living organisms. My name is Mrs. Barnard, so let's get started.

So there are some key words.

Keywords are really important so that you can use them correctly in longer descriptions later on in the lesson.

So some of these words you will have heard of before, but just to make sure that we definitely have the scientific definition, let's go through them now.

Four words for today are living, organism, movement, and life cycle.

So let's see how we are going to define them in today's lesson.

So something that's living carries out a common set of processes.

Now, some of these processes you would've heard of before, like movement and reproduction and growth, but there might be some that are slightly different or maybe the definition that we're going to use today is slightly different from what you've heard before.

An organism is something that's living, or was once living but is now dead.

And movement is how an organism moves itself from one place to another or parts of itself.

And the life cycle is the stages that a living organism goes through in its life.

So today's lesson is going to be separated into three sections.

The first one is just talking about those common processes we've already mentioned that all living organisms share.

The second part of the lesson is going to be looking at movement in living things or in non-living things.

And finally we're gonna go back, recap what you already know about life cycles, and add a little bit of detail to it in terms of how it fits in with today's lesson.

Okay, so let's get on with the first section of our lesson, the processes of all living organisms. So all things on Earth are either living, dead, or have never been alive.

Can you look around you and see anything that falls into those categories? So they're either living, including yourself, dead, which means they were once alive, or they've never been alive.

I'm gonna give you five seconds to have a look.

Did you find anything? Hopefully you found things that fall into those three categories.

So living or dead things are called organisms. It's a word that's used all of the time, but it means that something either was once alive or is still alive, and those living things share a couple of key features.

One of them is that they were made from other living organisms. So through a process of reproduction, where organisms will make offspring, which we'll come back to, but this is a feature you may have learned about in primary school.

And finally, all living things die.

They reach the end of their life cycle.

So those are two key features of living organisms. So to add a little bit of detail to that, all living organisms carry out the same processes.

Now, what is a living organism? You might be thinking about yourself or other animals maybe, but you can see from these pictures that living organisms actually come in lots of different categories.

So there's a frog there, there's a sunflower, which represents plants.

You've got mushrooms or fungi, and also you've got bacteria, microorganisms, and all of those examples in those pictures there are living organisms, and the processes that define them as living organisms is what we're going to discuss now.

So let's start with the first one, movement.

So movement, as we defined earlier, is an organism moving itself from one place to another, or part of itself.

Now, that also does include plants.

They can also move, as we will discuss later.

The next key feature is reproduction.

So that is making offspring, the process of making offspring.

And whether you are a frog or a plant or fungi or a bacteria, you will be able to make offspring.

Next, sensitivity.

That means that you can sense your surroundings and respond to them.

So a plant might respond to light, a frog might respond to temperature, a fungi might respond to chemicals in the soil, and a bacteria might also respond to chemicals to move towards them or away from them to find an environment that's more suitable.

Okay, next key feature then, growth.

So all living things can grow.

Now, that doesn't necessarily mean that they're always getting bigger.

It might mean that they're just trying to repair parts of themselves that have been damaged.

But growth is a key feature of all living organisms. Let's do the next one, respiration.

So respiration is when a living organism uses food as a fuel in order to provide the energy that it needs for all of its processes.

Okay, now, that food can come from different sources, but they all use it as a fuel to provide energy.

Okay, next one, excretion.

Excretion is the process of getting rid of waste.

And all living organisms need to get rid of waste, waste that is from chemical reactions and it's substances they don't need.

So they need a way of getting rid of it.

And finally, nutrition.

So nutrition is using food or other nutrients such as water in order to stay alive.

Now you might notice here, if you take the first letter of each of those words, you can spell something, and we spell MRS. GREN.

Now, this is just a way of helping us remember all of the processes in order.

It's really important though that we know what all of these processes do and why they're coming to living organisms, but MRS. GREN is a really helpful way of us remembering.

Okay, time for a quick check now.

Of these four options below, which two of these processes are carried out by all living organisms? I'm gonna give you five seconds, but if you need a little bit longer, then just pause the video and then we'll come back and check if you're right.

Okay, how did you do? So the two that are processes of all living organisms are growth and reproduction.

It's confusing because the other two, breathing and making noise, are carried out by some living organisms, just not all living organisms. So now a little activity for you to have a go at.

For each of the examples below, so we've got a dog, a roast chicken, a Venus flytrap, and a brick, we'd like you to decide whether they are living, dead, or they've never been alive.

And for each example, after you've decided, we'd like you to write a couple of sentences to describe why you've decided that, using your knowledge of the living processes that we've just discussed in a previous slide.

Now, you'll need to pause the video 'cause you'll need a little bit longer to write your answers and then come back and we'll have a look at what you've written.

Okay, how did you do? Did you manage to write something for all of them? So let's have a look.

Remember, these are examples that I'm going to give you, so this isn't the only way that you could have written it.

It's just showing that you have an understanding of why you've put that particular example into that category.

So first one was a dog.

A dog is living.

It carries out all of the processes of living organisms, so all of those that we listed at the start.

A roast chicken is dead.

When it was alive, it carried out those processes, but now, because it's at the end of its life cycle, those processes have stopped forever.

A Venus fly trap is living.

It can also carry out all of the living processes.

And finally, a brick has never been alive.

It was not made by living organisms by reproduction, and it has never carried out all of the processes of living organisms. Okay, we're ready to move on to the second part of our lesson, which is movement in living and non-living things.

So we see things moving around us all of the time.

This doesn't make them living.

For example, a car moving a longer road.

However, for something to be a living organism, movement is a really key feature.

That's why it appeared in that list at the start of the lesson.

So movement is an important process that all living organisms do, but lots of other things move.

Now, what two features must that movement have in order for it to be a characteristic of something that is living? Well, the first thing that it needs to do is it needs to be doing it by itself, so not moved along, for example, like the car, by an engine.

The organism moves itself, and one of the things it moves itself to do is in order to get something for survival.

So it might move itself somewhere to get some water, like in the picture there, or it might move itself to get food, or it might move away from a predator, or it might move away from where it's too hot.

Lots of examples of why a living organism might move by itself in order to achieve something that helps it to survive.

So movement is only a sign of life when the thing moves itself and the thing moves to achieve something such as keeping itself alive.

Okay, time for a quick check.

So we've got a true or false statement here.

Water is a living organism because it can move.

So I want you to decide whether that statement is true or false, and then afterwards, I'm gonna put a couple of sentences up for you to see if you can justify your answer.

But first of all, is it true or false? Now you've decided, which of these two sentences do you think would justify your choice? Is it A, movement is always a sign of life, or B, water can not move itself? Let's see how you did.

So water isn't a living organism.

That statement is false, and the justification for that is 'cause water can not move by itself, forces move water.

It doesn't move by itself.

So let's have another check.

Here's a picture of a puppet.

So here's our statement this time: a puppet is alive because it moves when somebody pulls its strings.

First of all, decide whether that's true or false, and then we'll put some sentences up to help.

Okay, which of these sentences help you to justify your answer? A, movement is a process of all living organisms, or B, the puppet is not moving itself to achieve something.

So the answer is false, a puppet isn't alive, and the reason is because the puppet is not moving itself to achieve something.

Okay, well done.

Let's move on.

So sometimes with plants, it's difficult to see that they move, but they do.

They move in response to their surroundings, and they also move in order to achieve something.

Here are a couple of examples.

We've got a couple of clips for you to watch here.

The first clip is of a plan that's moving in order to protect itself from damage.

When something touches it, it's leaves curl up in order to protect it.

And in the second example, this is a venous fly trap.

You may have seen one of these before.

Some of their leaves have adapted into little traps, and when an insect lands on them, if it moves about, the trap shuts, and this is the way that the plant can gain nutrition.

So have a little look at those videos now.

The other thing about movement is it can happen so slowly that we can't actually see it.

Here are some examples in plants.

First of all, you might have seen in plants at home or around school or in your local area that, often, they bend towards sunlight, and they do this in order to get as much light as possible so that they can make their own food.

This happens very slowly over time, so often you might not see it over a couple of days.

It may take a week or so before you see it.

And then you can see this other example here of a pea plant as it's climbing up these beams here, and the reason for that is because it's trying to get up, away from the competition of other plants near the ground and to get, again, closer to the sunlight to try to get it to make food.

Movement also happens in living organisms that are too small to see.

So microorganisms, these are organisms that we can't see with our naked eye, that we have to use a microscope to see, but it doesn't mean they're not moving.

If you watch this clip, you can see that a microorganism is moving in this clip, and this has been taken down a microscope.

It's further proof that all living things do move, even when we can't see them move, or they move so slowly.

So the other thing to know about movement is that it does not happen all of the time in living organisms, but all living organisms will move at some stage in their life.

So let's look at a couple of examples of what I mean by that.

So seeds just looks like a pile of seeds.

Seeds don't move by themselves, right? But they can grow into plants that can move.

The examples of movement in plants were shown in those videos in the earlier slide, so we know that they move at some point in their life cycle.

And what about eggs? Eggs can't move by themselves.

But the organism that hatches out of them, like in this case, a little chick, it can move by itself.

So therefore, at some point in their life cycle, they have shown movement.

So let's have a quick check.

Let's read these four statements, and I want you to tick the one that you think is true about movement.

So let's read them together.

A, all living things can move at some stage in their life.

B, all things that move are alive.

C, only organisms with legs, wings, and flippers can move.

Or D, something is only alive when it is moving.

Okay, make your choice.

So the correct answer is A, all living things can move at some stage in their life.

Well done if you got that right.

Okay, let's move on then.

Here's a little activity I'd like you to have a little look at.

So we've got two friends here and they're talking about a plant pot that's on the windowsill.

And Lucas says the plant doesn't appear to be moving, so it must be dead.

And Aisha says the plant can not move.

Now, both of them are actually incorrect.

What I'd like you to do is come up with an explanation where you correct them and give them the correct scientific understanding of whether the plant is living or not through movement.

You'll need to pause the video while you do this, and when you come back, we'll have a look at your answers.

Okay, how did you get on? Quite tricky, sometimes, to explain these things to other people, but remember in your answers, they don't have to be word for word what's written here, but some of these ideas would be really good to see, so correct ideas that you may have included could be that plants are living organisms, that they can move parts of themselves to achieve things such as they move towards the light, or they move slowly towards water, or sometimes their movement is so slow you can't see it, but it doesn't mean that they're not moving.

Or you might have given an example of something that moves quite quickly like a Venus flytrap, but not all plants move quickly.

If you included any of those statements in your answer, well done.

We're now ready to move on to the third part of our lesson today, which is life cycles.

So all living organisms have a life cycle.

You might have learn about some of these in primary school, but here is an example.

It's a frog, so a frog starts as frogspawn.

Now, often you might see this on the surface of a pond or at the edges of a slow moving stream, and then it turns into a tadpole, which swim around and stay in that stream.

Then those tadpoles start to grow legs and arms, and as they do, we then turn into a froglet.

And then finally, we'll turn into a fully grown frog, which can leave the water, as an amphibian can go in and out of the water.

The next point in the life cycle is reproduction, where the frog will make the frogspawn and the cycle continues.

So a life cycle is made up of the stages that a living organism goes through in its life, but not all living organisms will have a life cycle the same as a frog.

They all go through the life cycle stages slightly differently.

So can you have a little think about a tree? What would be the stages of a life cycle in a tree? Give you a few seconds to think about it.

Did you come up with the idea of a seed and possibly a seedling? Maybe you used the word sapling before you got to fully grown tree that then makes the seeds and the process starts again.

If you mentioned any of those, well done.

We're gonna use a tree in our next example.

So the common processes happen in all living organisms at some point in their life cycle.

So at this point, can you recall the seven processes that we talked about at the start of this lesson? You might want to use MRS. GREN as a reminder.

So did you have movement, reproduction, sensitivity, growth, respiration, excretion, and nutrition? If you got most of those, then well done.

So a tree is gonna show all of those processes while it's fully grown, but its seed, in this example, an acorn, which is the seed of an oak tree, doesn't carry out all of those processes.

It doesn't move by itself at this point, and it doesn't excrete.

It also doesn't reproduce itself.

And finally, when you get to the end of a life cycle, for example, a dead leaf of a tree, the organism's life cycle has stopped, and therefore, although it was once living, it isn't anymore, so it's not carrying out those common processes.

So have a look at this picture.

You might have seen these on the ground in your local area.

Which part of the tree's life cycle does it belong to? If you've got the idea that this is a seed, then well done.

It is a seed and it's from the reproduction stage of a tree's life cycle.

Now it's part of the life cycle, so it carries out some of the common processes, but it doesn't carry them all out.

Which ones does it carry out? I'll give you a few seconds to have a think.

So it carries out growth, respiration, sensitivity, and nutrition.

So some of the common processes, but not all of them happen in the seed stage of the tree's life cycle.

So let's have a quick check.

So we've got a true or false statement here.

A seed is a living organism.

So I want you to decide whether that's true or false.

It's true.

If you got that right, well done.

But how would you justify your answer? Is it A, a seed is part of the plant's life cycle, the common processes of living organisms all happen at some point during its life cycle? Or is it B, not all the common processes of living organisms happen in a seed.

Is it A or B? Have a think.

Okay, the answer is A.

A seed is part of a plant's life cycle, and the common processes of living organisms all happen at some point in the life cycle.

If you got that right, then well done.

So here's an activity I'd like you to have a go at.

You might have seen a life cycle of a butterfly.

You might have studied it when you were younger, but it's got four stages.

First of all, it's got an egg, and an egg grows into a caterpillar, and then a caterpillar will go into a chrysalis, and growth occurs inside that chrysalis, and then a butterfly emerges.

When the butterfly finds a mate, reproduction will take place and an egg will be made, and then the life cycle starts again.

So what I'd like you to do in this activity is to be able to write an explanation of how the common processes that we learned about in the start of the lesson appear in the different life stages of this butterfly.

Now, there are seven common processes that we talked about, but you don't need to include all of them in every stage.

We want examples of you using the processes to show that they do appear at some point in the life cycle of the butterfly.

So you'll need to pause the video while you go to write your explanations, and then come back to have a look at some model answers.

Good luck.

So remember, in these answers, these are good model answers, but you might have written other things that are also correct.

So let's start with the egg.

The egg doesn't move, but it does contain nutrients and it does grow and it respires, which means it gets its energy from the stores of those food.

The caterpillar then, it can sense its surroundings to find food in order to gain nutrition so it can use it for respiration and growth.

And it excretes the waste products that it does not require.

The chrysalis does not move, but it does grow, and it respires in order to release the energy needed for a butterfly to be formed.

And the butterfly itself senses its surroundings and it moves to find food for nutrition.

It will also aspire to release energy for growth and to find mates in order to reproduce again.

It excretes the waste that it does not require.

So that now brings us to the summary of our lesson.

Well done today.

There's a lot of information that you needed to take in.

So the summary of our lesson is as follows: common processes happen in all living organisms. These common processes include movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, and nutrition.

All living organisms are made from other living organisms when they reproduce.

Living organisms move themselves to achieve things, including to support their survival, and the common processes happen in all living organisms at some stage in their life cycle.

So that concludes our lesson today on the common processes of all living organisms. Thank you.