Hi there, I'm Mrs. Kemp and welcome to today's lesson on good and ill health.

This is part of the Diet and Exercise Unit, and let's get started.

So today's lesson will have lots of new information in it, but actually, there will be a lot of similarities to the keeping healthy unit that you will have done back in primary.

So our main aim for today is to be able to describe what is meant by physical and mental health, and also identify factors and symptoms associated with ill health.

We will be using some new words today and these are our key words.

I'm not gonna go through them now because I will be explaining each one of these as we go through the lesson, but if you would like to have a pause of this and look over it in your own time, please do do that.

Okay, our lesson outline for today, then, is we've got three learning cycles.

They are physical and mental health, the range of good to ill health, and symptoms of ill health.

We will be starting with our first learning cycle, physical and mental health.

Okay, so first of all, let's have a think together.

What does being healthy actually mean to you? Have a little think for a moment.

Please do use the picture to sort of guide you and help you to think about that.

Did you think about having a healthy diet, having good physical fitness, being happy, feeling well in yourself? Okay, these are all things that will contribute to you feeling happy.

We have two different kinds of health, then we've got our physical health and we've got our mental health.

Our physical health is the condition of our body from inside and out.

We've already learned about some different systems such as the digestive system, some of the organs that are involved in that, so like our stomach and our small intestines.

When those structures and processes are working really well in our body, then we have really good physical health going on.

Unfortunately, our physical health can be negatively affected by things in our environment and things that are also happening inside of us.

So for example, if you've got the flu or if you've got COVID, we've got an infection essentially that makes us feel unwell.

It might also be that you've actually got some kind of allergy, maybe you've got a food allergy or maybe you've got an allergy to pollen and you've got hay fever.

They can contribute to us feeling not quite so physically well.

You may have also picked up an injury in some way.

Maybe you play a lot of sport and you've actually broken one of your bones or potentially damaged a joint or muscles.

You may have an underlying health condition, so maybe you've got asthma, maybe you've got diabetes.

That's kind of always there with you.

Or maybe there's something in your lifestyle, such as an unbalanced diet or maybe you don't particularly exercise a great deal, and actually those things can make you feel physically unwell.

So as I said, we also have mental health as well as our physical health, and this is how we feel, how we think, and how we act.

Good mental health, so feeling very well is associated with actually being good emotional wellbeing.

So actually feeling in control of your emotions.

It might be at certain points in your life, especially now as you move through puberty, actually you don't feel quite as in control of your emotions, but there might be some more serious things that happen later on in life that aren't the normal, that actually make you feel less in control of those emotions.

Psychological wellbeing, then, is actually being able to organise your thoughts and being able to function in your normal day life.

Social wellbeing is made up of all of your interactions with other people, so are you able to make friends, are you able to maintain your family relationships? All of that is part of having a good social wellbeing.

Just like with your physical health, then, there are things that can actually negatively affect your mental health also.

So there may have been some kind of upsetting event or trauma that's happened during your life that actually stays with you and makes you feel mentally unwell.

It might be that at periods of time during your life, you feel isolated from other people and you feel lonely.

There might also be a lot of stress or pressure going on, maybe things that are happening in your job, maybe something that is happening in school that makes you feel very highly stressed in that moment.

Physical and mental health can both affect one another in positive and negative ways.

So they can impact each other in a really good way, or it could be that they're also contributing to those negative feelings in your mental and physical health.

Okay, moving on to our first check of today then.

So which of the following are associated with good mental health? I'll give you a moment to think about it, but if you do need more time, please do pause the video.

Okay, did you realise that it was all three of these that can affect or are associated with good mental health? So emotional wellbeing? Yes.

Psychological wellbeing, and social wellbeing.

I'm sure you've done really well on that.

Excellent.

There are parts of the world where people actually live the longest and really, really healthy lives all over our planet, and we're gonna call those blue zones.

They're essentially where people live 'til 100 years old regularly.

Scientists have been looking at those areas, 'cause they're really interesting to find out how they can help to advise other societies around the world to live happy, healthy lives.

Let's have a look at where some of those blue zones are then.

There's one in the USA, there's one over in Costa Rica, one in Italy, one in Greece, and there's also one in Japan.

It's really interesting 'cause all of these societies are actually very, very different from one another, but they do have similarities in the way people live as to why those people are living really healthy long lives.

Let's have a think about what some of those things are then that actually help to keep people healthy in those blue zones.

Most of the people moved really naturally then.

So the place in Japan, they were often really keen gardeners.

They were moving 'til very old age, so even the people that they spoke to that were kind of 95 years old, they were still maintaining their own gardens.

In Italy, the place where they lived was actually on a really steep hill, and so people had to move all the time up and down the hill in order to get from one place to another and this was moving naturally and keeping them really, really healthy, really fit.

It might be that you may use the stairs instead of using an escalator just to increase that movement wherever you are.

People also had a really good sense of purpose.

A lot of the people actually worked 'til quite old age, so they had to get up in the morning and they still had to carry out their jobs.

They ate a really varied diet, and interestingly, it was mostly made up of plants in all of the different areas.

Finally then, they were really active members of their community.

So for example, they were involved in charity work in the USA, giving out food parcels to people and helping out at the food bank.

These factors can all contribute to good physical and mental health then, and they are things that you should try to incorporate into your own lives.

Can we match up the key words then for our second check of today? Mental health and physical health, do they go with the condition of your body or how you feel, think, and act? I'll give you a little bit of time to think about it, but if you do need more time, please do pause the video.

Okay, did you match up mental health to how you feel, think, and act and physical health, the condition of your body? Excellent.

Well done.

Let's move on to our first task of the day then.

So please do get your worksheet out for this if you'd like to write it down.

So Sam would like to live a healthy lifestyle to maintain good physical and mental health.

What suggestions could you make to Sam? So think about all that advice that we've thought about already today and use that in your answer.

I will give you a little bit of time to think about it, but if you do need more time to write it down, please do pause the video.

Okay, so did you think about exercising regularly? You may have made a sensible suggestion such as gardening, taking the stairs, not the escalator, riding your bike to school, or joining a sports team, any of those, excellent.

Rating a balanced diet then with plenty of fruit and vegetables, looking after your mental wellbeing, or again, any other sensible suggestions, such as yoga or meditation or meeting up with friends.

Be an active member of your community, so again, a sensible suggestion would be sort of volunteering for a local charity.

I mentioned food banks and maybe that was something that you have included.

Excellent, well done.

If you want to add a little bit more to your answer, please do.

Otherwise, we're actually going to move on to our second learning cycle of the day.

So the range of good to ill health, so for this first part, I actually enlisted some students to help me with this, and I asked 'em to draw me some pictures of healthy and unhealthy people.

I want you to have a little look at these diagrams and I want you to think about which person is healthy, which person is unhealthy, can you think of why? Okay, so I think they did a really good job here, and I think drawing number one clearly shows some unhealthy aspects of a person.

So we've got them feeling a little bit upset, haven't we? Got a little bit of anguish there with the urgh feeling.

They've also, they're up very, very late.

They're up there at 12 o'clock at night and they've got quite big circles of dark underneath their eyes, showing that they are feeling tired.

They've also got some missing teeth, and actually they've got some green teeth there as well showing that they're actually not looking after their teeth, they're not brushing their teeth.

I think they're also, I think that is a picture of cake, so I think they're eating cake at 12 o'clock at night, which really isn't something that I would recommend and sort of showing an unbalanced diet.

If we compare that then to number two, our person that has got some healthy aspects to their life, we can see that they're smiling, they feel happy, maybe their mental wellbeing is actually very good.

They're also running, so showing that they are physically active and potentially very fit physically.

However, there's a little caveat to this and we need to think about the fact that a person is never really just healthy or unhealthy.

It isn't one or the other.

A person could be physically fit, so they could be running around and and have an active lifestyle, but actually, they might also have an illness at that point as well.

Everybody, no matter who it is, can have ill health.

No matter if you eat the most balanced diet ever, you volunteer at charity so you feel good mentally, actually still you can have ill health.

It's really a range health, from good health to ill health, and that range varies from the normal that you feel.

Okay, so you may be different from one person to another person.

One measure of how healthy you are is actually how you are able to cope with your life physically and emotionally, so including both that physical and mental health.

To maintain a good health, it's a good idea to look after both your body and your mind.

So the person going for a run also needs to think about actually their social wellbeing and their emotional wellbeing as well as just their physical wellbeing.

All right, onto our next check of the day, which of these statements do you think are correct? I'll read them out to you and then you can have a think.

So, A, you are either ill or healthy, there's nothing in between.

B, you can't do anything to change your health.

C, to stay healthy, you must take care of your body and your mind.

And finally, D, a person is never just healthy or unhealthy.

I will give you a moment to think about it, but please do pause the video if you need more time.

Okay, so the correct answer for this is that to stay healthy, you must take care of your body and mind, that's C, and also D, a person is never just healthy or unhealthy.

Hopefully you also chose the same ones, well done.

Onto our second task of the day then, task B.

Again, you can record this on your worksheet so please do get that out.

So this is one explanation of what health is.

Health is a complete state of physical, mental, and social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease.

Can you evaluate this explanation of health? So an evaluation is where you give good points and bad points.

So what are the good things and also what could be improved? Try to write a better sentence or two to explain what health is.

So I'll give you a moment to think about this, but if you need more time, especially to record it on your worksheet, then please do pause the video.

Okay, so let's see what you could have included in your answer.

So some of the good points then, this explanation goes beyond just physical health, and it does include mental health, which we know is also part of our overall health.

It also gives people something to aim for.

So trying to have a complete state of mental, social, and physical wellbeing.

So it's actually, you know, really something that we should all be aiming for.

However, is it unobtainable for most people? Are we all going to feel all of those things all at the same time? It also doesn't recognise that health is a range and not just healthy or unhealthy.

Examples of a better explanation then, and you could have written something completely different to this, but along the same lines, but health is a range from good to ill health.

So we've improved it automatically, haven't we? By giving that idea that actually it's a range and not just sort of black and white, it's this or this.

It includes physical, mental, and social wellbeing.

So we're saying that it includes it and not just a complete state, and it isn't just the lack of disease.

So we've added the same kind of idea in that they have at the end there.

So maybe you need to add a little bit more to your answer, but I'm sure you did really well on it.

Excellent, well done.

Onto our final learning cycle then, symptoms of ill health.

So as I said before that actually ill health is a range, isn't it? And it starts from your normal, how you feel, okay, and what is normal for you might actually be different for somebody else.

It's important to think about the fact that your mood and your body do change naturally over time.

So for example, I mentioned that you are adolescent, you're probably starting to go through puberty, you are going to have changes to your body and also you might feel differently from how you felt maybe back in primary school.

What's an unusual change then is then what might not actually be normal and maybe a symptom of ill health.

So it might give you an idea that actually something is not quite right.

Some symptoms of ill health then, and they are quite different from one another, but it could be that you have a raised temperature and you are feeling quite tired a lot of the time, you might get some unexplained weight loss, so you've just started losing weight and you don't know why.

It could also be that feeling in your mind, so feeling actually emotional, maybe feeling quite sad for a period of time.

However, these types of changes might actually not be symptoms of ill health.

These things can happen naturally to our bodies anyway.

So for example, let's think about when you exercise.

When you exercise then your respiration rate goes up.

As a result of that, actually we release more heat energy and so you get hot when you exercise.

So our raised temperature might just be that we've been exercising.

You might feel tired from exercising and also you may have lost some weight because you have been much more physically active, but actually, exercising is associated with being well and not with being unhealthy or ill.

So really those things, if they're in a short period of time actually might just be because you've been exercising.

You might also feel quite emotional to a particular thing that has happened to you during the day, and actually that passes quite quickly and you feel better.

So if the change actually happens but then you feel better quite quickly, it might not be a symptom of disease, it might just be something that happened to you during the day.

However, what we need to look out for are things that are more unusual than normal and actually persist, they last for a much longer period of time.

Then it could be more likely that actually that is a symptom of disease.

So disease can be defined as a persistent, so long lasting, deviation, so change, from a person's normal appearance, function, and behaviour.

Let's have a little look at what some of those things might be then.

So in your appearance, it could be that you've got a rash that is showing you that there is something wrong there.

A person's behaviour might change, but not always.

So they might feel more emotional, they might isolate themselves from other people.

A person's bodily functions might change, but not always.

So they might get a high temperature, but it's not definite if they've got a disease that they'll definitely have a high temperature.

And sometimes actually, even though they haven't got these symptoms, actually they have still got a disease because the symptoms are not always noticeable.

You can't always tell by looking at somebody that they have some sort of disease.

Some of these changes also, not just your body but also in your behaviour, are a normal part of growing old.

Okay, so I mentioned things that happen during puberty, but also as you get a lot older, so here is an elderly man, you can see that he's got some wrinkles on his skin.

Actually that is just because as you get older, you lose a protein from your skin called collagen that gives a really nice elasticity to your skin, and so as you lose that, you do get wrinkles, and that's not a symptom of disease, it's not something that is awful, it's just a natural change.

You can also see that the elderly man has actually got a hearing aid in, and we do sometimes experience hearing loss as we get older as well.

We don't know if he already had that, but it could be something that's happened to him as he's got older.

Okay, onto our final check of today then, and this is one way you can sort of give a range of how you feel that you understand these different points.

So which of the statements do you think are right and which do you think are wrong? So you can either answer I am sure this is right, I think this is right, I think this is wrong, or I'm sure this is wrong.

So A, all changes in the body are symptoms of disease, B, changes in our emotions could be symptoms of ill health, diseases always have noticeable symptoms, and finally, D, some changes happen naturally as we get older.

So I'll give you a moment to think about this, but if you do need more time, please do pause the video.

Okay, A then is definitely wrong, okay? All changes in our body of symptoms of disease.

That's not true, is it? As we get older, things can happen such as getting wrinkles.

Obviously, we have lots of different changes as we go through puberty as well and at other points in our lives.

Changes in our emotions could be a symptom of ill health.

Yes, they could, it's not a definite, but yes, they could be a symptom of ill health.

Diseases don't always have noticeable diseases, so that one is definitely wrong as well.

Sometimes we can't see from the outside that somebody has ill health.

Some changes happen naturally as we get older.

Yes they do.

Of course, they do.

Onto our final task of the day then, task C.

Okay, Sofia was asked to suggest some symptoms of ill health or disease.

She said an ill person would lose weight and have a high temperature.

Sensible suggestion, but that's not the full picture.

is it? So how could you improve Sofia's answer? All right, I will give you a moment to think about it, but if you do need more time, please do pause the video.

Okay, did you think of all these? So symptoms of ill health can be seen in changes to a person's appearance, behaviour, and also their function.

This could include weight loss, tiredness, and a high temperature.

Symptoms of ill health can include other changes such as a rash, headache, or feeling emotional.

If a change is unusual or persists over a period of time, it is more likely to be a symptom of ill health.

Sometimes changes can be a normal part of growing old, such as a lack of mobility.

Okay, if you want to add to your answer, then please do.

Otherwise, we've actually come to the end of the lesson today.

So we're just going to go through that core knowledge that we needed to have for this lesson in our summary.

So a person's health is a measure of their physical health and mental health.

Different factors in our lives can contribute to good physical and mental health.

Health is a range from good to ill.

Changes in a person's normal appearance, function, and/or behaviour may be symptoms of ill health.

Disease is a persistence, sorry, deviation from a person's normal appearance, function, and/or behaviour.

It's been absolutely brilliant today.

Thank you so much for choosing to learn with me, and I do hope that I get to see you again.